Growth, Development, and Life History throughout the Evolution of Homo
Abstract
For over a century, paleoanthropologists have listed the presence of prolonged periods of gestation, growth, and maturation, extremely short interbirth intervals, and early weaning among the key features that distinguish modern humans from our extant ape cousins. Exactly when and how this particular scheduling of important developmental milestones—termed a “life history profile”—came to characterize Homo sapiens is not entirely clear. Researchers have suggested that the modern human life history profile appeared either at the base of the hominin radiation (ca. 6 Ma), with the origins of the genus Homo (ca. 2.5 Ma), or much later in time, perhaps only with H. sapiens (ca. 200–100 Ka). In this short review, evidence of the pace of growth and maturation in fossil australopiths and early members of Homo is detailed to evaluate the merits of each of these scenarios. New data on the relationship between dental development and life history in extant apes are synthesized within the context of life history theory and developmental variation across modern human groups. Future directions, including new analytical tools for extracting more refined life history parameters as well as integrative biomechanical and developmental models of facial growth are also discussed.
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Based on fossil dental specimens, australopithecines resembled wild chimpanzees, not modern humans, in life-history stages.
“Based on fossil dental specimens, australopithecined resembled wild chimpanzees, not modern humans, in life-history stages (57).”
From Emerging Adulthood, a Pre-adult Life-History Stage (2020) · cites this paper as [57]
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The Havers–Halberg Oscillation and Bone Metabolism
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Gathering Is Not Only for Girls
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Palaeoanthropology and the study of pre-adult fossil remains
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The evolution of human language. An alternative scenario
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Insight into perinatal health by investigating the neonatal line: A systematic review
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- Authors
- Schwartz, G. T.
- Corresponding author
- Schwartz, Gary T.
- ORCID
- Schwartz, Gary T.
- Venue
- Current Anthropology
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- S6
- Pages
- S395-S408
- ISSN
- 0011-3204 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5382
- OpenAlex
- W2020984809
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 49.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Anthropology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Chicago
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- human life history, Homo evolution, australopiths, growth and maturation, tooth development, weaning, birth interval, gestation, hominin evolution, developmental variation, facial growth, life history theory, apes
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