The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization
Abstract
Global warming is predicted to be most pronounced at high latitudes, and observational evidence over the past 25 years suggests that this warming is already under way. One-third of the global soil carbon pool is stored in northern latitudes, so there is considerable interest in understanding how the carbon balance of northern ecosystems will respond to climate warming. Observations of controls over plant productivity in tundra and boreal ecosystems have been used to build a conceptual model of response to warming, where warmer soils and increased decomposition of plant litter increase nutrient availability, which, in turn, stimulates plant production and increases ecosystem carbon storage. Here we present the results of a long-term fertilization experiment in Alaskan tundra, in which increased nutrient availability caused a net ecosystem loss of almost 2,000 grams of carbon per square meter over 20 years. We found that annual aboveground plant production doubled during the experiment. Losses of carbon and nitrogen from deep soil layers, however, were substantial and more than offset the increased carbon and nitrogen storage in plant biomass and litter. Our study suggests that projected release of soil nutrients associated with high-latitude warming may further amplify carbon release from soils, causing a net loss of ecosystem carbon and a positive feedback to climate warming.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“If the stimulation of decomposition is more than production caused by fertilization, there would ultimately be a net C loss from the ecosystem.167”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [167]
Citations
Cites
Northern Peatlands: Role in the Carbon Cycle and Probable Responses to Climatic Warming
Gorham, E. (1991) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.2307/1941811 · Cited by 3,726
Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems
Dixon, R. K., Solomon, A. M., Brown, S., Houghton, R. A., Trexier, M. C., & Wisniewski, J. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.263.5144.185 · Cited by 3,403
Observational Evidence of Recent Change in the Northern High-Latitude Environment
Serreze, M. C., Walsh, J. E., Chapin, F. S., Osterkamp, T. E., Dyurgerov, M. B., Romanovsky, V. E., Oechel, W. C., Morison, J. H., Zhang, T., & Barry, R. G. (2000) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1023/a:1005504031923 · Cited by 1,910
Self-citationNutrient Cycling and Nutrient Use Efficiency
Vitousek, P. M. (1982) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/283931 · Cited by 1,485
Responses of Arctic Tundra to Experimental and Observed Changes in Climate
Chapin, F. S., Shaver, G. R., Giblin, A. E., Nadelhoffer, K. J., & Laundre, J. A. (1995) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1939337 · Cited by 1,411
Self-citationIncreasing shrub abundance in the Arctic
Sturm, M., Racine, C., & Tape, K. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35079180 · Cited by 1,349
Temperature and Plant Species Control Over Litter Decomposition in Alaskan Tundra
Hobbie, S. E. (1996) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/2963492 · Cited by 962
Variable effects of nitrogen additions on the stability and turnover of soil carbon
Neff, J. C., Townsend, A. R., Gleixner, G., Lehman, S. J., Turnbull, J. C., & Bowman, W. D. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01136 · Cited by 815
Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative feedback on global warming?
Kirschbaum, M. U. F. (2000) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1006238902976 · Cited by 793
Sensitivity of Boreal Forest Carbon Balance to Soil Thaw
Goulden, M. L., Wofsy, S. C., Harden, J. W., Trumbore, S. E., Crill, P., Gower, S. T., Fries, T. L., Daube, B. C., Fan, S., Sutton, D. J., et al. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5348.214 · Cited by 792
Effects of Temperature and Substrate Quality on Element Mineralization in Six Arctic Soils
Nadelhoffer, K. J., Giblin, A. E., Shaver, G. R., & Laundre, J. A. (1991) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1938918 · Cited by 672
Self-citationEffect of N deposition on decomposition of plant litter and soil organic matter in forest systems
Berg, B., & Matzner, E. (1997) · Environmental Reviews · doi:10.1139/a96-017 · Cited by 666
Controls over carbon storage and turnover in high‐latitude soils
Hobbie, S. E., Schimel, J. P., Trumbore, S. E., & Randerson, J. T. (2000) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.06021.x · Cited by 638
Acclimation of ecosystem CO2 exchange in the Alaskan Arctic in response to decadal climate warming
Oechel, W. C., Vourlitis, G. L., Hastings, S. J., Zulueta, R. C., Hinzman, L. D., & Kane, D. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35023137 · Cited by 621
Production: Biomass Relationships and Element Cycling in Contrasting Arctic Vegetation Types
Shaver, G. R., & Chapin, F. S. (1991) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/1942997 · Cited by 523
Self-citationGlobal Change and the Carbon Balance of Arctic Ecosystems
Shaver, G. R., Billings, W. D., Chapin, F. S., Giblin, A. E., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Oechel, W. C., & Rastetter, E. B. (1992) · BioScience · doi:10.2307/1311862 · Cited by 482
Self-citationBiogeochemical Diversity Along a Riverside Toposequence in Arctic Alaska
Giblin, A. E., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Shaver, G. R., Laundre, J. A., & McKerrow, A. J. (1991) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.2307/2937049 · Cited by 395
Self-citationRESPONSES IN MICROBES AND PLANTS TO CHANGED TEMPERATURE, NUTRIENT, AND LIGHT REGIMES IN THE ARCTIC
Jonasson, S., Michelsen, A., Schmidt, I. K., & Nielsen, E. V. (1999) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1828:rimapt]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 357
SPECIES COMPOSITION INTERACTS WITH FERTILIZER TO CONTROL LONG-TERM CHANGE IN TUNDRA PRODUCTIVITY
Shaver, G. R., Bret-Harte, M. S., Jones, M. H., Johnstone, J. F., Gough, L., Laundre, J. A., & Chapin, F. S. (2001) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[3163:sciwft]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 337
Self-citationHobbie, S. E., & Chapin, F. S. (1998) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[1526:trotpb]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 332
Self-citationTOP-DOWN IS BOTTOM-UP: DOES PREDATION IN THE RHIZOSPHERE REGULATE ABOVEGROUND DYNAMICS?
Moore, J. C., McCann, K. S., Setälä, H. M., & de Ruiter, P. C. (2003) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0846:tibdpi]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 310
Weintraub, M. N., & Schimel, J. P. (2003) · Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s10021-002-0124-6 · Cited by 303
A synthesis: The role of nutrients as constraints on carbon balances in boreal and arctic regions
Hobbie, S. E., Nadelhoffer, K. J., & Högberg, P. (2002) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1023/a:1019670731128 · Cited by 270
Carbon Storage and Distribution in Tundra Soils of Arctic Alaska, U.S.A.
Michaelson, G. J., Ping, C. L., & Kimble, J. M. (1996) · Arctic and Alpine Research · doi:10.2307/1551852 · Cited by 219
CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON TUNDRA CARBON STORAGE INFERRED FROM EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND A MODEL
McKane, R. B., Rastetter, E. B., Shaver, G. R., Nadelhoffer, K. J., Giblin, A. E., Laundre, J. A., & Chapin, F. S. (1997) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1170:ceotcs]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 166
Self-citationBret-Harte, M. S., Shaver, G. R., & Chapin, F. S. (2002) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00657.x · Cited by 163
Self-citationLitter decomposition in moist acidic and non-acidic tundra with different glacial histories
Hobbie, S. E., & Gough, L. (2004) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1556-9 · Cited by 151
Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate
(1992) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-02634-8 · Cited by 113
Nadelhoffer, K. J., Johnson, L. C., Laundre, J. A., Giblin, A. E., & Shaver, G. R. (2002) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1023/a:1019646124768 · Cited by 42
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property
Schmidt, M. W. I., Torn, M. S., Abiven, S., Dittmar, T., Guggenberger, G., Janssens, I. A., Kleber, M., Kögel-Knabner, I., Lehmann, J., Manning, D. A. C., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10386 · Cited by 6,057
MICROBIAL STRESS-RESPONSE PHYSIOLOGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION
Schimel, J. P., Balser, T. C., & Wallenstein, M. D. (2007) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/06-0219 · Cited by 3,128
Soil carbon storage informed by particulate and mineral-associated organic matter
Cotrufo, M. F., Ranalli, M. G., Haddix, M. L., Six, J., & Lugato, E. (2019) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0484-6 · Cited by 1,901
Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon to Climate Change: Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle
Schuur, E. A. G., Bockheim, J. G., Canadell, J. G., Euskirchen, E. S., Field, C. B., Goryachkin, S. V., Hagemann, S., Kuhry, P., Lafleur, P. M., Lee, H., et al. (2008) · BioScience · doi:10.1641/b580807 · Cited by 1,655
Self-citationSoil-carbon response to warming dependent on microbial physiology
Allison, S., Wallenstein, M. D., & Bradford, M. A. (2010) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo846 · Cited by 1,575
Metadata
- Authors
- Mack, M. C., Schuur, E. A. G., Bret-Harte, M. S., Shaver, G. R., & Chapin, F. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- University of Alaska Fairbanks (US)
- Marine Biological Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mack, Michelle C.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 431
- Issue
- 7007
- Pages
- 440-443
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2031808375
- Cited by
- 1,030
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 19.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Climate change and permafrost
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Keywords
- Arctic tundra, ecosystem carbon storage, nutrient fertilization, soil carbon emissions, nitrogen cycling, plant productivity, global warming, positive feedback, boreal ecosystems, litter decomposition, long-term fertilization experiment
- MeSH terms
- Arctic Regions, Carbon, Cold Climate, Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Plants, Soil, Time Factors, Greenhouse Effect, Ecosystem, Biomass
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
