The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Minimal ProtoHox cluster inferred from bilaterian and cnidarian Hox complements
Open accessAbstract
Bilaterian animals have a Hox gene cluster essential for patterning the main body axis, and a ParaHox gene cluster. Comparison of Hox and ParaHox genes has led workers to postulate that both clusters originated from the duplication of an ancient cluster named ProtoHox, which contained up to four genes with at least the precursors of anterior and posterior Hox/ParaHox genes. However, the way in which genes diversified within the ProtoHox, Hox and ParaHox clusters remains unclear because no systematic study of non-bilaterian animals exists. Here we characterize the full Hox/ParaHox gene complements and genomic organization in two cnidarian species (Nematostella vectensis and Hydra magnipapillata), and suggest a ProtoHox cluster simpler than originally thought on the basis of three arguments. First, both species possess bilaterian-like anterior Hox genes, but their non-anterior genes do not appear as counterparts of either bilaterian central or posterior genes; second, two clustered ParaHox genes, Gsx and a gene related to Xlox and Cdx, are found in Nematostella vectensis; and third, we do not find clear phylogenetic support for a common origin of bilaterian Cdx and posterior genes, which might therefore have appeared after the ProtoHox cluster duplication. Consequently, the ProtoHox cluster might have consisted of only two anterior genes. Non-anterior genes could have appeared independently in the Hox and ParaHox clusters, possibly after the separation of bilaterians and cnidarians.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Seven of the PALs link anemone scaffolds to multiple regions of the human genome in a manner consistent with multiple large-scale duplication events along the vertebrate lineage (reviewed, for example, in (53)).”
From Sea Anemone Genome Reveals Ancestral Eumetazoan Gene Repertoire and Genomic Organization (2007) · cites this paper as [53]
Citations
Cites
Homeobox genes and axial patterning
McGinnis, W., & Krumlauf, R. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90471-n · Cited by 2,674
Philippe, H., Lartillot, N., & Brinkmann, H. (2005) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msi111 · Cited by 551
The genesis and evolution of homeobox gene clusters
García‐Fernàndez, J. (2005) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1723 · Cited by 490
The ParaHox gene cluster is an evolutionary sister of the Hox gene cluster
Brooke, N. M., Garcia-Fernàndez, J., & Holland, P. W. H. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31933 · Cited by 468
Origins of Bilateral Symmetry: Hox and Dpp Expression in a Sea Anemone
Finnerty, J. R., Pang, K., Burton, P., Paulson, D., & Martindale, M. Q. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1091946 · Cited by 407
Phylogeny of Medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles
Collins, A. G. (2002) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00403.x · Cited by 355
Maintenance of ancestral complexity and non-metazoan genes in two basal cnidarians
Technau, U., Rudd, S., Maxwell, P., Gordon, P. M. K., Saina, M., Grasso, L. C., Hayward, D. C., Sensen, C. W., Saint, R., Holstein, T. W., et al. (2005) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2005.09.007 · Cited by 337
Self-citationAncient origin of the Hox gene cluster
Ferrier, D. E. K., & Holland, P. W. H. (2001) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/35047605 · Cited by 260
Collins, A. G. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.26.15458 · Cited by 252
Rising starlet: the starlet sea anemone,Nematostella vectensis
Darling, J. A., Reitzel, A. M., Burton, P. M., Mazza, M. E., Ryan, J. F., Sullivan, J. C., & Finnerty, J. R. (2005) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.20181 · Cited by 214
Gauchat, D., Mazet, F., Berney, C., Schummer, M., Kreger, S., Pawlowski, J., & Galliot, B. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4493 · Cited by 190
Evolution of striated muscle: Jellyfish and the origin of triploblasty
Seipel, K., & Schmid, V. (2005) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.03.032 · Cited by 172
Ancient origins of axial patterning genes: Hox genes and ParaHox genes in the Cnidaria
Finnerty, J. R., & Martindale, M. Q. (1999) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.1999.99010.x · Cited by 152
Expression of Cnox-2, a HOM/HOX homeobox gene in hydra, is correlated with axial pattern formation
Shenk, M. A., Bode, H. R., & Steele, R. E. (1993) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.117.2.657 · Cited by 129
Self-citationEarly evolution of a homeobox gene: the parahox gene Gsx in the Cnidaria and the Bilateria
Finnerty, J. R., Paulson, D. A., Burton, P. M., Pang, K., & Martindale, M. Q. (2003) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2003.03041.x · Cited by 85
Homeobox genes and the zootype
Miller, D. J., & Miles, A. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/365215b0 · Cited by 74
Cnidarian homeoboxes and the zootype
Martínez, D. E., Bridge, D., Masuda-Nakagawa, L. M., & Cartwright, P. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31616 · Cited by 66
A low diversity of ANTP class homeobox genes in Placozoa
Monteiro, A. S., Schierwater, B., Dellaporta, S. L., & Holland, P. W. H. (2006) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2006.00087.x · Cited by 61
Kuhn, K., Streit, B., & Schierwater, B. (1996) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0055 · Cited by 58
Chromosomal mapping of ANTP class homeobox genes in amphioxus: piecing together ancestral genomes
Castro, L. F. C., & Holland, P. W. H. (2003) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1046/j.1525-142x.2003.03052.x · Cited by 55
Chiu, C. ‐., Grégoire, L., Gumucio, D. L., Muniz, J. A. P. C., Lancaster, W. D., & Goodman, M. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Zoology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(19990415)285:1 · Cited by 13
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sea Anemone Genome Reveals Ancestral Eumetazoan Gene Repertoire and Genomic Organization
Putnam, N. H., Srivastava, M., Hellsten, U., Dirks, B., Chapman, J., Salamov, A., Terry, A., Shapiro, H., Lindquist, E., Kapitonov, V. V., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1139158 · Cited by 1,555
Self-citationGenome Regulation by Polycomb and Trithorax Proteins
Schuettengruber, B., Chourrout, D., Vervoort, M., Leblanc, B., & Cavalli, G. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.009 · Cited by 1,418
Self-citationChapman, J. A., Kirkness, E. F., Simakov, O., Hampson, S. E., Mitros, T., Weinmaier, T., Rattei, T., Balasubramanian, P. G., Borman, J., Busam, D., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08830 · Cited by 810
Self-citationSchnittger, L., Rodríguez, A. E., Florin‐Christensen, M., & Morrison, D. A. (2012) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2012.07.004 · Cited by 629
The rise and fall of Hox gene clusters
Duboule, D. (2007) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.001065 · Cited by 525
Metadata
- Authors
- Chourrout, D., Delsuc, F., Chourrout, P., Edvardsen, R. B., Rentzsch, F., Renfer, E., Jensen, M. F., Zhu, B., de Jong, P., Steele, R. E., & Technau, U.
- Affiliations
- University of Bergen (NO)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Hôpital américain de paris (FR)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chourrout, D.
- Technau, U.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 442
- Issue
- 7103
- Pages
- 684-687
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2158564117
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 9.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hal.science
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Keywords
- Hox genes, ParaHox genes, gene duplication, Nematostella vectensis, Hydra magnipapillata, Cnidaria, CDX, gene family evolution, genome organization
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cnidaria, Genes, Homeobox, Multigene Family, Phylogeny, Genome, Homeodomain Proteins, Evolution, Molecular
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
