The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Subcapsular sinus macrophages in lymph nodes clear lymph-borne viruses and present them to antiviral B cells
Abstract
Lymph nodes prevent the systemic dissemination of pathogens such as viruses that infect peripheral tissues after penetrating the body's surface barriers. They are also the staging ground of adaptive immune responses to pathogen-derived antigens. It is unclear how virus particles are cleared from afferent lymph and presented to cognate B cells to induce antibody responses. Here we identify a population of CD11b+CD169+MHCII+ macrophages on the floor of the subcapsular sinus (SCS) and in the medulla of lymph nodes that capture viral particles within minutes after subcutaneous injection. Macrophages in the SCS translocated surface-bound viral particles across the SCS floor and presented them to migrating B cells in the underlying follicles. Selective depletion of these macrophages compromised local viral retention, exacerbated viraemia of the host, and impaired local B-cell activation. These findings indicate that CD169+ macrophages have a dual physiological function. They act as innate 'flypaper' by preventing the systemic spread of lymph-borne pathogens and as critical gatekeepers at the lymph-tissue interface that facilitate the recognition of particulate antigens by B cells and initiate humoral immune responses.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These macrophages can capture larger molecules, viruses, and bacteria (89, 90) and are capable of mounting a protective immune response even in the absence of antigen-presenting DCs (91).”
From Transport and Immune Functions of the Lymphatic System. (2025) · cites this paper as [90]
Citations
Cites
T-cell priming by dendritic cells in lymph nodes occurs in three distinct phases
Mempel, T. R., Henrickson, S. E., & von Andrian, U. H. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02238 · Cited by 1,720
Self-citationMACROPHAGE RECEPTORS AND IMMUNE RECOGNITION
Taylor, P. R., Martínez‐Pomares, L., Stacey, M. A., Lin, H.-H., Brown, G. D., & Gordon, S. (2005) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115816 · Cited by 1,366
Homing and cellular traffic in lymph nodes
von Andrian, U. H., & Mempel, T. R. (2003) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1222 · Cited by 1,271
Self-citationCD69 acts downstream of interferon-α/β to inhibit S1P1 and lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs
Shiow, L. R., Rosen, D. B., Brdičková, N., Xu, Y., An, J., Lanier, L. L., Cyster, J. G., & Matloubian, M. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04606 · Cited by 1,189
Control of Early Viral and Bacterial Distribution and Disease by Natural Antibodies
Ochsenbein, A. F., Fehr, T. H., Lutz, C., Suter, M., Brombacher, F., Hengartner, H., & Zinkernagel, R. M. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5447.2156 · Cited by 911
Okada, T., Miller, M. J., Parker, I., Krummel, M. F., Neighbors, M., Hartley, S. B., O’Garra, A., Cahalan, M. D., & Cyster, J. G. (2005) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030150 · Cited by 586
Balanced responsiveness to chemoattractants from adjacent zones determines B-cell position
Reif, K., Ekland, E. H., Ohl, L., Nakano, H., Lipp, M., Förster, R., & Cyster, J. G. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/416094a · Cited by 572
B cell receptor signal strength determines B cell fate
Casola, S. S., Otipoby, K. L., Alimzhanov, M. B., Humme, S., Uyttersprot, N., Kutok, J. L., Carroll, M. C., & Rajewsky, K. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1036 · Cited by 561
Extrafollicular Activation of Lymph Node B Cells by Antigen-Bearing Dendritic Cells
Qi, H., Egen, J. G., Huang, A. Y.-C., & Germain, R. N. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1125703 · Cited by 521
Wessels, M. R., Butko, P., Ma, M., Warren, H. B., Lage, A. L., & Carroll, M. C. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.25.11490 · Cited by 503
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 840
Zhang, X., Li, Q., Zhang, T., Jia, L., Liu, W., Huang, C., Chen, Z., & Luo, Q. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13061267 · Cited by 1
Jenkins, S. J., & Gregory, C. D. (2025) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92785-0_6 · Cited by 1
Siglec-1+ macrophages in anti-tumor immunity
Mauvais, F., & Endert, P. V. (2025) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2025.107108 · Cited by 1
FIP200 regulates plasma B cell differentiation via mitochondrial and heme homeostasis
Xu, L., Bottermann, M., Villavicencio, P. M., Warner, J. E., Weldon, S. R., Xie, Z., Filby, A. J., Liu, X., Ganley, I. G., Ringel, A. E., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20250535 · Cited by 1
Tanaka, H., & Akita, H. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-7067-0_4 · Cited by 1
Zhang, Y.-N., Zhu, X., Gomes, K. B., Lee, Y.-Z., DesRoberts, C., He, L., Wilson, I. A., & Zhu, J. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-76731-w · Cited by 1
Chen, X., Lu, L., Liu, Y., Li, J., Li, J., Shao, Z., Tang, Y., Zou, J., Li, S., & Chen, X. S. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202514386 · Cited by 1
Witney, M. J., Croft, N. P., Wong, M. Y.-C., Smith, S. A., Flesch, I. E. A., Keller, E., Lin, L. C. W., Li, Y., Gruta, N. L. L., Purcell, A. W., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aea8105 · Cited by 1
Elliff, J. M., Grady, L., O’Donnell, K. L., Messingham, C. O., Rogers, K. J., Akther, J., Thurman, A. L., Vijay, R., Pezzulo, A. A., Randall, T. D., et al. (2025) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02796-25 · Cited by 1
Lymph node preservation as an immunotherapeutic catalyst
Zuha, A., Zhang, Y., Sun, Q., Zhu, W., Chen, B., Song, Y., Jin, B., Liu, Z. H., Wu, Z., Li, Y., et al. (2026) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2026.105195 · Cited by 1
Siglec-1-targeting single domain antibodies block or enhance pathogen binding to dendritic cells
Brink, H. J., Affandi, A. J., Man, S., Dekker, N. C. C. T., Großewichtrup, E. A., Bouma, R. G., Toutounchi, N. S., Konijn, V. A. L., Stolwijk, J. G. C., van Hamme, J. L., et al. (2026) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2026.113542 · Cited by 1
Yang, L., Han, Y., Xia, W., & Guo, S. (2010) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.11.016 · Cited by 1
Illuminating inflammasome activity in vivo
Hickman, H. D. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4026 · Cited by 1
Lymphatics in Malignant Tumors
Wagner, M., & Wiig, H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98950-7_4 · Cited by 1
Vaccine and Immunotherapy Delivery
Irvine, D. J., & Jewell, C. M. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-055294-1.00132-x · Cited by 1
Parker, G. A. (2017) · Molecular and integrative toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47377-2_2 · Cited by 1
Mucosal Dendritic Cells in HIV-1 Susceptibility: A Critical Role for C-type Lectin Receptors
Hertoghs, N., van Pul, L., & Geijtenbeek, T. B. H. (2017) · Future Virology · doi:10.2217/fvl-2017-0020 · Cited by 1
In Vivo Tracking of Particulate Antigen Localization and Recognition by B Lymphocytes at Lymph Nodes
Carrasco, Y. R. (2018) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7474-0_11 · Cited by 1
Usmani, S. M., & Mempel, T. R. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00011-9 · Cited by 1
Self-citationWalsh, E. R., & Bolland, S. M. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394802-1.00006-6 · Cited by 2
On adaptor proteins shaping Ca 2+ signals in activated B lymphocytes
Neumann, K. (2008) · PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) · Cited by 1
There goes the macrophage neighborhood
Hickman, H. D. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa6919 · Cited by 1
Imaging techniques: New insights into chemokine/chemokine receptor biology at the immune system
Mellado, M., & Carrasco, Y. R. (2008) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.04.007 · Cited by 1
The Interface of Metastatic Tumours and the Immune System
Muhsin, M.-R. K. (2012) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago) · Cited by 1
Regulation of B Cell Migration and Location in Response to Antigens
Baglaenko, Y., & Wither, J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.09005-6 · Cited by 1
Milićević, N. M., & Westermann, J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.07004-1 · Cited by 1
Protective and Pathogenic T Cell Responses to Virus Infections
Iannacone, M., Chisari, F. V., & Guidotti, L. G. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.14019-6 · Cited by 1
Self-citationChai, Q. (2013) · Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) · doi:10.3929/ethz-a-010060131 · Cited by 1
Iliopoulou, M., Bajur, A. T., McArthur, H. C. W., Coyle, C., Ajao, F., Köchl, R., Cope, A. P., & Spillane, K. M. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.12.02.518873 · Cited by 1
AIDS virus-neutralizing antibody induction reciprocal to a PI3K gain-of-function diseasePreprint
Yamamoto, H., & Matano, T. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.88849.1 · Cited by 1
Yamamoto, H., & Matano, T. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.88849 · Cited by 1
A high-resolution blood immune cell doublet atlas via imaging spectral cytometryPreprint
Kim, C., Hinz, D., Middlebrook, A. J., Tyznik, A. J., D’Cruz, L. M., Scriba, T. J., Peters, B., & Burel, J. G. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.09.03.749150 · Cited by 1
An investigation of CD147 expression in apoptotic vesicles
Coutinho, F. P. (2014) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago) · Cited by 1
Specialized Subsets of Tissue-Resident Macrophages in Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Chauveau, A., & Arnon, T. I. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394447-4.30113-4
Molecular characterisation of Epstein-Barr virus-specific B cell response
Panikkar, A. (2015) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2015.670
Brody, I. B. (2014) · Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)
B cell responses against the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins
Dosenovic, P. (2012) · Figshare
Design and Development of Recombinant Vaccines with Viral Properties
Lipowsky, G., & Bachmann, M. F. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118023648.ch2
Affinity Discrimination in B cells in Response to Membrane Antigen Requires Kinetic ProofreadingPreprint
Tsourkas, P. K., & Raychaudhuri, S. (2010) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1003.1415
Border patrol: SCS macrophages activate iNKT cells too
Phan, T. G., & Chtanova, T. (2010) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.2010.71
The missing link in the affinity maturation chain
Carrasco, Y. R. (2009) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.2009.50
Imaging—and Imagining—Immune Responses to Infections
Khanna, K. M., & Lefrançois, L. (2011) · Microbe Magazine · doi:10.1128/microbe.6.63.1
MHC class II antigen presentation by B cells in health and disease
Souwer, Y. (2009) · Leiden Repository (Leiden University)
Influencia de la catepsina L en la población de células T regulatorias CD4+: rol del estroma
Camicia, G. (2011) · Repositorio Digital Institucional de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Universidad de Buenos Aires)
B cells as initial sensors of the adaptive immune response
Carrasco, Y. R. (2008) · Inmunología · doi:10.1016/s0213-9626(08)70056-8
Immunomodulatory Properties of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate
Andersson, J. (2011) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
B cell deviations and type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse
Sundström, M. (2012) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University)
Marsland, B. J., Heer, A. K., Harris, N. L., & Köpf, M. (2010)
Function and Regulation of B-cell Subsets in Experimental Autoimmune Arthritis
Palm, A.-K. E. (2015) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Measles virus : early infection, progression and pathogenesis in a transgenic mouse model
Ferreira, C. S. A. (2010) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Investigating the role of innate lymphoid cells in secondary lymphoid tissue
Mackley, E. C. (2016) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Molecular programming of B cell
Okitsu, S. L., & Wang, N. S. (2012)
UNIVERSITÁ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO FACOLTÁ DI MEDICINA E CHIRURGIA
Ricerca, D. D. (2010)
Lei, V. J. (2010) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0069111
On the IgA antibody response to gluten in celiac disease
Steinsbø, Ø. (2015) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
The role of Pyk2 and FAK in B cell migration, adhesion, and spreading
Tse, K. W. K. (2010) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0069997
Regulation of B cell responses by the innate immune system
Cerutti, A. (2013) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Lavelle, S.-W. (2016) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
The role of alveolar macrophages in Influenza A infection
Purnama, C. (2013) · doi:10.32657/10356/53722
Cloning and characterization of IA-2 specific autoantibodies in Type 1 diabetes
Johnson, C. (2016) · Research Portal (King's College London)
Tissue-Resident CD169+ macrophages as a frontline of host defense in Plasmodium infection
Gupta, P. (2017) · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · doi:10.32657/10356/70327
Exploring the role of CD248/endosialin/TEM-1 on lymphoid stromal cells in secondary lymphoid organs
Steinthal, N. (2017) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Efeitos da sinalização purinérgica durante a infecção aguda e crônica pelo Plasmodium chabaudi AS.
de Salles, É. M. (2017) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.42.2017.tde-12042017-141823
Sıçan dalağında makrofaj alt gruplarının farklı morfolojik teknikler kullanılarak incelenmesi
Billur, D. (2017) · Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası · doi:10.1501/tipfak_0000000978
Development of Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-based Influenza Vaccines
Altenburg, A. F. (2018) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)
Garba, A. (2018) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)
Turner, J. S. (2017) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Targeting Susceptible Signaling Pathways in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Dielschneider, R. F. (2014) · Mspace (University of Manitoba)
The B-Side of the Immune Response
Patrussi, L., Capitani, N., D’Elios, M. M., & Baldari, C. T. (2018) · Rare diseases of the immune system · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91785-6_1
Development and Characterization of PRINT® Particles as Drug Delivery Vehicles in the Lung
Shen, T. W. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/pn9m-rg81
ADVECTION-REACTION-DIFFUSION MODEL OF DRUG CONCENTRATION IN A LYMPH NODE
Yan, T. (2020) · SMU Scholar (Southern Methodist University)
Lymph flow directs rapid neutrophil positioning in the lymph node in infectionPreprint
Xue, J., Lin, Y., Oo, D., Zhang, J., de Jesus, F. N., Zardynezhad, A., de Almeida, L. G. N., Young, D. W., Dufour, A., & Liao, S. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.20.302075
Towards Understanding how Lymph Nodes Process Nanoparticle Vaccines for Humoral Immunity
Zhang, Y.-N. (2020) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL EFFECTOR RESPONSES ELICITED FROM IgM MEMORY STEM CELLS
Kenderes, K. J. (2017) · SUNY Digital Repository Support (State University of New York System)
Investigations into the fate and functionality of apoptotic vesicles
Black, L. V. (2014) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Dynamics of neutrophil migration in lymph nodes during infection.
Nutman, T. B. (2008) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.1120836.577098
Brutkiewicz, R. R. (2011) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.3437990.8907064
Parker, G. A., & Papenfuss, T. L. (2017) · Molecular and integrative toxicology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47377-2_1
Snow, E. C. (2009) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.1148150.621004
Godfrey, D. I. (2018) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.732320533.793545872
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Dynamics of neutrophil migration in lymph nodes during infection.
Stein, J. V. (2008) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.1120836.580318
(2008) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.200890073
Intravital Imaging of Myeloid Cells: Inflammatory Migration and Resident Patrolling
Deniset, J., & Kubes, P. (2017) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555819194.ch15
Jelinek, D. F., & Gutierrez, A. (2009) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.1148174.605310
External Cues to Drive B-Cell Function Towards ImmunotherapyPreprint
Stoycheva, D., Simsek, H., Weber, W., Hauser, A. E., & Klotzsch, E. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3726336
Papenfuss, T. L., & Peachee, V. L. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.64230-7
Specialized Subsets of Tissue Resident Macrophages in Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Chauveau, A., & Arnon, T. I. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821618-7.00133-4
SIV-Specific Neutralizing Antibody Induction Following Selection of a T-Cell Escape nef Mutation
Yamamoto, H., & Matano, T. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.88849.4
CD169 targeting liposomes, a cancer vaccine that delivers.
Grabowska, J. A. (2023) · doi:10.5463/thesis.223
Development and structure of the lymphoid system
Olayinka, O., Weinstein, B. M., & Jung, H. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-87763-3.00010-1
A Protective Role for the Lectin CD169/Siglec-1 During SARS-CoV-2 InfectionPreprint
Ullah, I., Ladinsky, M. S., Sharma, L., Gilani, Z., Rowland, E. F., Mack, M., Kieffer, C., Björkman, P. J., Mothes, W., Kumar, P., et al. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4514472
Parshin, D., Mikhaylichenko, V. Y., Bondarenko, N., Gorbunov, A., Voronkov, D., Voronov, A., BEZRUKOV, O. F., & Trofimov, P. (2024) · Archiv Euromedica · doi:10.35630/2024/14/2.222
Fibroblastic Stromal Cells in Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Katakai, T., & Ozawa, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-128-24465-4.00025-9
Unravelling the contribution of lymph node fibroblasts to vaccine responses
Cinti, I., Vezyrgianni, K., & Denton, A. E. (2024) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2024.07.001
(2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-5568-2
Yamamoto, H., & Matano, T. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.88849.2
Fergusson, J. R., Milićević, N. M., & Westermann, J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-128-24465-4.00057-0
Metadata
- Authors
- Junt, T., Moseman, E. A., Iannacone, M., Massberg, S., Lang, P. A., Boes, M., Fink, K., Henrickson, S. E., Shayakhmetov, D. M., Di Paolo, N. C., van Rooijen, N., Mempel, T. R., Whelan, S. P., & von Andrian, U. H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Novartis Institute For Tropical Diseases (SG)
- University of Washington (US)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- von Andrian, Ulrich H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2007-10-14
- Volume
- 450
- Issue
- 7166
- Pages
- 110-114
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2019206924
- Cited by
- 846
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 66
- FWCI
- 17.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007753)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI059371)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- subcapsular sinus macrophages, lymph node macrophages, CD169+ macrophages, viral clearance, B cell activation, antigen presentation, afferent lymph, humoral immune response, viremia, macrophage depletion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibody Formation, B-Lymphocytes, Cell Line, Lymph, Lymph Nodes, Macrophages, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Receptors, Immunologic, Vesiculovirus, CD11b Antigen, Mice, Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review