Cited by 536Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchNeurobiology and Insect Physiology ResearchCircadian rhythm and melatonin

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Lethargus is a Caenorhabditis elegans sleep-like state

Raizen, David M., Zimmerman, John E., Maycock, Matthew H., Ta, Uyen D., You, Young-jai, Sundaram, Meera V., Pack, Allan I.·2008·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature06535

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Abstract

There are fundamental similarities between sleep in mammals and quiescence in the arthropod Drosophila melanogaster, suggesting that sleep-like states are evolutionarily ancient. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans also has a quiescent behavioural state during a period called lethargus, which occurs before each of the four moults. Like sleep, lethargus maintains a constant temporal relationship with the expression of the C. elegans Period homologue LIN-42 (ref. 5). Here we show that quiescence associated with lethargus has the additional sleep-like properties of reversibility, reduced responsiveness and homeostasis. We identify the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) gene egl-4 as a regulator of sleep-like behaviour, and show that egl-4 functions in sensory neurons to promote the C. elegans sleep-like state. Conserved effects on sleep-like behaviour of homologous genes in C. elegans and Drosophila suggest a common genetic regulation of sleep-like states in arthropods and nematodes. Our results indicate that C. elegans is a suitable model system for the study of sleep regulation. The association of this C. elegans sleep-like state with developmental changes that occur with larval moults suggests that sleep may have evolved to allow for developmental changes.

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Authors: Raizen, D. M., Zimmerman, J. E., Maycock, M. H., Ta, U. D., You, Y.-J., Sundaram, M. V., & Pack, A. I.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Raizen, David M.
ORCID: Raizen, David M.
You, Young-jai
Sundaram, Meera V.
Pack, Allan I.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2008-01-09
Volume: 451
Issue: 7178
Pages: 569-572
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature06535
OpenAlex: W2072681733
Cited by: 536
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 12.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2008-06-12)
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Keywords: sleep-like state, Caenorhabditis elegans, cGMP signaling, egl-4, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, sensory neurons, sleep homeostasis, sleep evolution, quiescence
MeSH terms: Animals, Arousal, Drosophila melanogaster, Biological Evolution, Homeostasis, Larva, Sleep, Conserved Sequence, Caenorhabditis elegans, Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Molting, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Lethargy

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Lethargus is a Caenorhabditis elegans sleep-like state

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