Cited by 1,778SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchAnimal Virus Infections StudiesZoonotic diseases and public health

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Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor

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Ge, Xing-Yi, Li, Jia-Lu, Yang, Xing-Lou, Chmura, Aleksei A., Zhu, Guangjian, Epstein, Jonathan H., Mazet, Jonna K., Hu, Ben, Zhang, Wei, Peng, Cheng, Zhang, Yu-Ji, Luo, Chu-Ming, Tan, Bing, Wang, Ning, Zhu, Yan, Crameri, Gary, Zhang, Shu-Yi, Wang, Lin-Fa, Daszak, Peter, Shi, Zheng-Li·2013·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature12711PMC PMC5389864

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Abstract

The 2002-3 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was one of the most significant public health events in recent history. An ongoing outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus suggests that this group of viruses remains a key threat and that their distribution is wider than previously recognized. Although bats have been suggested to be the natural reservoirs of both viruses, attempts to isolate the progenitor virus of SARS-CoV from bats have been unsuccessful. Diverse SARS-like coronaviruses (SL-CoVs) have now been reported from bats in China, Europe and Africa, but none is considered a direct progenitor of SARS-CoV because of their phylogenetic disparity from this virus and the inability of their spike proteins to use the SARS-CoV cellular receptor molecule, the human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). Here we report whole-genome sequences of two novel bat coronaviruses from Chinese horseshoe bats (family: Rhinolophidae) in Yunnan, China: RsSHC014 and Rs3367. These viruses are far more closely related to SARS-CoV than any previously identified bat coronaviruses, particularly in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein. Most importantly, we report the first recorded isolation of a live SL-CoV (bat SL-CoV-WIV1) from bat faecal samples in Vero E6 cells, which has typical coronavirus morphology, 99.9% sequence identity to Rs3367 and uses ACE2 from humans, civets and Chinese horseshoe bats for cell entry. Preliminary in vitro testing indicates that WIV1 also has a broad species tropism. Our results provide the strongest evidence to date that Chinese horseshoe bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-CoV, and that intermediate hosts may not be necessary for direct human infection by some bat SL-CoVs. They also highlight the importance of pathogen-discovery programs targeting high-risk wildlife groups in emerging disease hotspots as a strategy for pandemic preparedness.

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Authors: Ge, X.-Y., Li, J.-L., Yang, X.-L., Chmura, A. A., Zhu, G., Epstein, J. H., Mazet, J. K., Hu, B., Zhang, W., Peng, C., Zhang, Y.-J., Luo, C.-M., Tan, B., Wang, N., Zhu, Y., Crameri, G., Zhang, S.-Y., Wang, L.-F., Daszak, P., & Shi, Z.-L.
Affiliations: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
EcoHealth Alliance (US)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
Corresponding author: Daszak, Peter
Shi, Zheng-Li
ORCID: Yang, Xing-Lou
Chmura, Aleksei A.
Epstein, Jonathan H.
Hu, Ben
Zhang, Wei
Peng, Cheng
Zhu, Yan
Wang, Lin-Fa
Daszak, Peter
Shi, Zheng-Li
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-10-30
Volume: 503
Issue: 7477
Pages: 535-538
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature12711
PMC: PMC5389864
OpenAlex: W1993577573
Cited by: 1,778
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 205 · 2021: 356 · 2020: 580 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 7
FWCI: 43.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: National Science Foundation
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
United States Agency for International Development
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
National Natural Science Foundation of China (2013FY113500, 81290341, 2010CB530100, 31321001)
Southern Medical University
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI110964, R01AI079231)
Fogarty International Center (R01TW005869, R56TW009502)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Zoonotic diseases and public health
Keywords: SARS-like coronaviruses, bat coronaviruses, Chinese horseshoe bat, horseshoe bats, ACE2 receptor, bat-to-human transmission, spike protein receptor-binding domain, MERS-CoV, coronavirus phylogeny, Yunnan
MeSH terms: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Animals, Chlorocebus aethiops, China, Chiroptera, Disease Reservoirs, Feces, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Molecular Sequence Data, Receptors, Virus, Species Specificity, Vero Cells, Virion, Genome, Viral, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Viverridae, Virus Internalization, Host Specificity, Pandemics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus

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Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor

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