The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains
Open accessAbstract
We present a high-quality genome sequence of a Neanderthal woman from Siberia. We show that her parents were related at the level of half-siblings and that mating among close relatives was common among her recent ancestors. We also sequenced the genome of a Neanderthal from the Caucasus to low coverage. An analysis of the relationships and population history of available archaic genomes and 25 present-day human genomes shows that several gene flow events occurred among Neanderthals, Denisovans and early modern humans, possibly including gene flow into Denisovans from an unknown archaic group. Thus, interbreeding, albeit of low magnitude, occurred among many hominin groups in the Late Pleistocene. In addition, the high-quality Neanderthal genome allows us to establish a definitive list of substitutions that became fixed in modern humans after their separation from the ancestors of Neanderthals and Denisovans.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Genomic analyses have revealed that present-day non-African human populations inherit 1–4% of their genetic ancestry from introgression with Neanderthals (Green et al., 2010; Prüfer et al., 2014).”
From The lingering effects of Neanderthal introgression on human complex traits (2023) · cites this paper as Prüfer et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the introgressing Neanderthals were probably from populations that were separated both in time and space from the three archaic individuals who have so far been sequenced to high coverage-hereafter referred to as DAV (Denisovan, Altai Neanderthal and Vindija Neanderthal) 1,17,18 .”
From The nature of Neanderthal introgression revealed by 27,566 Icelandic genomes (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Introgression from extinct Neanderthal and Denisovan human species has been shown to contribute to the genetic pool of modern human populations and their phenotypic spectrum.”
From Denisovan and Neanderthal archaic introgression differentially impacted the genetics of complex traits in modern populations (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In particular, non-African populations show 1% to 2% of Neanderthal ancestry in their genomes (Green et al. 2010; Prüfer et al. 2014) and Melanesians and East Asians display 3% and 0.2%, respectively, from Denisovans ancestry (Green et al. 2010; Meyer et al. 2012; Prüfer et al. 2014).”
From The Human Accelerated Region HAR202 Controls NPAS3 Expression in the Developing Forebrain Displaying Differential Enhancer Activity Between Modern and Archaic Human Sequences (2024) · cites this paper as Prüfer et al. 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“West Eurasians harbour significantly less Neanderthal ancestry than East Asians19-21, which could be explained if West Eurasians (but not East Asians) have partial ancestry from a source diluting their Neanderthal inheritance22.”
From Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Supporting this theory, we observe a negative correlation between Basal Eurasian ancestry and the rate of shared alleles with Neanderthals19 (Supplementary Information, section 5; Fig. 2).”
From Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This approach has revealed that archaic hominin populations survived extinction over long periods of time despite highly reduced effective population sizes [8][9][10] .”
From Ancient DNA analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The mapping approaches employed in this study are consistent with those used in previous research [2, 6].”
From A refined analysis of Neanderthal-introgressed sequences in modern humans with a complete reference genome (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Evidence for super-archaic introgression into the ancestors of the Altai Denisovans 30 and, possibly, Andamanese populations 31-33 , suggests that viable reproduction may actually have been possible, though further evaluation of these hypotheses at present is not possible given the available data.”
From Widespread Denisovan ancestry in Island Southeast Asia but no evidence of substantial super-archaic hominin admixture (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Analyses of the genomes of Neandertals and modern humans show that they encountered each other outside Africa and interbred [6, 15, 16].”
From Neandertal Introgression Sheds Light on Modern Human Endocranial Globularity (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“After modern humans left Africa more than 60,000 years ago, genetic evidence suggests multiple admixture events ~55,000 years [9] between modern humans and now extinct archaic humans including Neandertals [10–12] and Denisovans [13, 14].”
From Neandertal introgression partitions the genetic landscape of neuropsychiatric disorders and associated behavioral phenotypes (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Both archaic genomes revealed evidence of admixture amongst various hominin lineages 8 , in which Neanderthals and Denisovans contributed significant ancestry to modern non-African populations and modern populations of Australasia and Oceania, respectively 221 , contributing to potential phenotypic and health consequences today 250 .”
From Ancient DNA analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The resulting lower efficacy of selection allowed the accumulation of weakly deleterious alleles in Neanderthal populations31.”
From Quantifying the contribution of Neanderthal introgression to the heritability of complex traits (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“It is striking that the highest estimates of Basal Eurasian ancestry are from the Near East, given the hypothesis that it was there that most admixture between Neanderthals and modern humans occurred19,23.”
From Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Neanderthal ancestry in all present-day non-Africans is estimated to be 1.5–2.1 % [14].”
From Ancient DNA and the rewriting of human history: be sparing with Occam’s razor (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“the Neanderthal-derived DNA in all non-Africans is more closely related to a Neanderthal from the Caucasus than it is to either the Neanderthal from Siberia or the Neanderthal from Croatia [14]”
From Ancient DNA and the rewriting of human history: be sparing with Occam’s razor (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“A low level (~0.2 %) of Denisovan ancestry is also found across Eastern Eurasia and in Native American populations [14]”
From Ancient DNA and the rewriting of human history: be sparing with Occam’s razor (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“providing more evidence that archaic admixture occurred in West Asia early during modern humans’ exit from Africa.”
From Ancient DNA and the rewriting of human history: be sparing with Occam’s razor (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Denisovans themselves appear to have received gene flow from other archaic humans.”
From Ancient DNA and the rewriting of human history: be sparing with Occam’s razor (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“It has been estimated that at least 0.5 % of the Denisovan genome was contributed by Neanderthals”
From Ancient DNA and the rewriting of human history: be sparing with Occam’s razor (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“and that 0.5–8 % comes from an unknown hominin who split from other hominins between 1.1 and 4 million ya [14].”
From Ancient DNA and the rewriting of human history: be sparing with Occam’s razor (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“This conclusion is surprising because modern human ancestors and archaic hominins evolved separately for 550,000–765,000 years [14]”
From Ancient DNA and the rewriting of human history: be sparing with Occam’s razor (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“The centrosome-associated cell division machinery contains at least three more proteins that carry modern human-specific amino-acid substitutions. CASC5 (cancer susceptibility candidate 5), KIF18A (kinesin family member 18A), and SPAG5 (sperm-associated antigen 5) localize to the mitotic spindle, which is organized by the centrosome, or to the kinetochore, which attaches chromosomes to the spindle”
From Genetic Changes Shaping the Human Brain (2015) · cites this paper as Prufer et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Prüfer et al. (22) used a similar technique to quantify divergence between archaic and modern genomes and found that branch length differences between sequencing batches often exceeded branch length differences between populations.”
From Evidence for recent, population-specific evolution of the human mutation rate (2015) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“A significant intersection was found with the data from Prüfer et al. [44] (p < 0.05) and with the combined data from Prüfer et al. [44] and Racimo [48] (p < 0.05).”
From Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics (2017) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“CBL is located in a region showing signals of a strong selective sweep in AMH compared to Altai Neanderthals [44]”
From Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics (2017) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“ERBB4 is one of many neural crest-related genes associated with selective signals in AMH (e.g., SNAI2 [44], CITED2 [44], PRDM10 [46, 78], and others [38]), some of which show fixed or nearly fixed amino acid changes compared to Neanderthals.”
From Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics (2017) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“A significant intersection was found with the data in [44] (a = 691, b = 108, v = 9; p < 0.05) and with the combined data from [44] and [48] (a = 691, b = 419, v = 24, p < 0.05).”
From Self-domestication in Homo sapiens: Insights from comparative genomics (2017) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Others, like RB1CC120 or PRDM10 and NCOA633 have been found in selective sweep screens, suggesting contributions of individual transcription factors, rather than the whole class of proteins.”
From A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“These genotype calls are absent from the files provided for the three archaic genomes due to different genotype calling and filtering procedures compared to the original publication of the Altai Neanderthal genome20,21.”
From A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Among the 15 fixed protein-coding changes identified here but absent from previous analyses1,20, some might have also contributed to complex modifications of pathways in cell division, like AHR65 or DNHD166 (Supplementary Information 1), as well as other genes with HHMCs, like CHEK167 or the gene encoding for the protein TOP2A68, which shows the largest number of interactions with other HHMC-carry”
From A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“It has been claimed20 that genes with fixed non-synonymous changes in humans are also more often expressed in the ventricular zone of the developing neocortex, compared to fixed synonymous changes.”
From A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“It has been proposed previously that protein-coding changes in cell cycle-related genes are highly relevant candidates for human-specific traits1,20, with the brain being specifically sensitive to such changes61.”
From A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins (2019) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Based on the observed general concordance between the selection time estimates and aDNA evidences, we developed an overall chronicle of human genome adaptation that is based on PS signals, the three AMH aDNA genomes and the Neanderthal genome consensus 40 (Fig. 4).”
From A Chronological Atlas of Natural Selection in the Human Genome during the Past Half-million Years (2015) · cites this paper as [40]
In the citing paper
“Although it is possible that a subset of sites are mis-labeled due to error, incomplete lineage sorting, and the divergence between introgressing and sequenced Neandertal genomes [14], this approach enriches for alleles of Neandertal origin.”
From Functional implications of Neandertal introgression in modern humans (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing.
The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09534 · Cited by 7,877
Self-citationAn integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes
The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11632 · Cited by 7,711
Self-citationA draft sequence of the Neandertal genome
Green, R. E., Krause, J., Briggs, A. W., Maricic, T., Stenzel, U., Kircher, M., Patterson, N., Li, H., Zhai, W., Fritz, M. H.-Y., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188021 · Cited by 4,318
Self-citationInference of human population history from individual whole-genome sequences
Li, H., & Durbin, R. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10231 · Cited by 2,590
Self-citationRate of de novo mutations and the importance of father’s age to disease risk
Kong, A., Frigge, M. L., Masson, G., Besenbacher, S., Sulem, P., Magnusson, G., Gudjonsson, S. A., Sigurdsson, A., Jonasdottir, A., Jonasdottir, A., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11396 · Cited by 2,134
Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia
Reich, D., Green, R. E., Kircher, M., Krause, J., Patterson, N., Durand, E. Y., Viola, B., Briggs, A. W., Stenzel, U., Johnson, P. L. F., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09710 · Cited by 1,991
Self-citationA high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic denisovan individual
Meyer, M., Kircher, M., Gansauge, M.-T., Li, H., Racimo, F., Mallick, S., Schraiber, J. G., Jay, F., Prüfer, K., de Filippo, C., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1224344 · Cited by 1,967
Self-citationAnalysis of Genetic Inheritance in a Family Quartet by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Roach, J. C., Glusman, G., Smit, A. F. A., Huff, C. D., Hubley, R., Shannon, P. T., Rowen, L., Pant, K. P., Goodman, N., Bamshad, M., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1186802 · Cited by 1,084
Self-citationPatterns of damage in genomic DNA sequences from a neandertal
Briggs, A. W., Stenzel, U., Johnson, P. L. F., Green, R. E., Kelso, J., Prüfer, K., Meyer, M., Krause, J., Ronan, M. T., Lachmann, M., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0704665104 · Cited by 981
Self-citationGreat ape genetic diversity and population history
Prado-Martinez, J., Sudmant, P. H., Kidd, J. M., Li, H., Kelley, J. L., Lorente-Galdós, B., Veeramah, K. R., Woerner, A. E., O’Connor, T. D., Santpere, G., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12228 · Cited by 891
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 47 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,015
Refining models of archaic admixture in Eurasia with ArchaicSeeker 2.0
Yuan, K., Ni, X., Liu, C., Pan, Y., Deng, L., Zhang, R., Gao, Y., Ge, X., Liu, J., Ma, X., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26503-5 · Cited by 48
The lingering effects of Neanderthal introgression on human complex traits
Wei, X., Robles, C. R., Pazokitoroudi, A., Ganna, A., Gusev, A., Durvasula, A., Gazal, S., Loh, P.-R., Reich, D., & Sankararaman, S. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.80757 · Cited by 43
Self-citationReticulate evolution and the human past: an anthropological perspective
Winder, I. C., & Winder, N. (2014) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.3109/03014460.2014.922613 · Cited by 43
New progress in understanding the origins of modern humans in China
Gao, X., Peng, F., Fu, Q., & Feng, L. (2017) · Science China Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11430-017-9144-1 · Cited by 43
Self-citationTechnical Advances and Challenges in Genome-Scale Analysis of Ancient DNA
Lan, T., & Lindqvist, C. (2018) · Population genomics · doi:10.1007/13836_2018_54 · Cited by 43
A gene graveyard in the genome of the fungus Podospora comata
Silar, P., Dauget, J.-M., Christophe, V. G., Grognet, P., Déquard-Chablat, M., Denmat, S. H., Couloux, A., Wincker, P., & Debuchy, R. (2018) · Molecular Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1007/s00438-018-1497-3 · Cited by 43
Genetic surfing in human populations: from genes to genomes
Peischl, S., Dupanloup, I., Bosshard, L., & Excoffier, L. (2016) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2016.08.003 · Cited by 43
Skull diversity in the Homo lineage and the relative position of Homo naledi
Schroeder, L., Scott, J. E., Garvin, H. M., Laird, M. F., Dembo, M., Radovčić, D., Berger, L. R., de Ruiter, D. J., & Ackermann, R. (2016) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.09.014 · Cited by 43
Zwyns, N., & Lbova, L. (2018) · Archaeological Research in Asia · doi:10.1016/j.ara.2018.02.004 · Cited by 43
Wasinger, V. C., Curnoe, D., Bustamante, S., Mendoza, R., Shoocongdej, R., Adler, L., Baker, A., Chintakanon, K., Boel, C., & Tacon, P. S. C. (2019) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.201800341 · Cited by 43
Qiu, W., & Martin, C. L. (2014) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2014.03.025 · Cited by 43
Virtual ancestor reconstruction: Revealing the ancestor of modern humans and Neandertals
Mounier, A., & Mirazón Lahr, M. (2016) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.11.002 · Cited by 42
Globularization and domestication.
Benítez-Burraco, A., Theofanopoulou, C., & Boeckx, C. (2018) · Topoi · doi:10.1007/s11245-016-9399-7 · Cited by 42
Living in an adaptive world: Genomic dissection of the genus Homo and its immune response
Quach, H., & Quintana‐Murci, L. (2017) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20161942 · Cited by 42
Wojcik, G. L., Fuchsberger, C., Taliun, D., Welch, R., Martin, A. R., Shringarpure, S., Carlson, C. S., Abecasis, G. R., Kang, H. M., Boehnke, M., et al. (2018) · G3 Genes Genomes Genetics · doi:10.1534/g3.118.200502 · Cited by 42
Kissel, M., & Fuentes, A. (2021) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.21883 · Cited by 42
Archaic humans have contributed to large-scale variation in modern human T cell receptor genes
Corcoran, M., Chernyshev, M., Mandolesi, M., Narang, S., Kaduk, M., Ye, K., Sundling, C., Färnert, A., Kreslavsky, T., Bernhardsson, C., et al. (2023) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.026 · Cited by 42
Genetic rescue and the maintenance of native ancestry
Harris, K., Zhang, Y., & Nielsen, R. (2019) · Conservation Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10592-018-1132-1 · Cited by 42
Early modern human dispersal from Africa: genomic evidence for multiple waves of migration
Tassi, F., Ghirotto, S., Mezzavilla, M., Vilaça, S. T., De Santi, L., & Barbujani, G. (2015) · Investigative Genetics · doi:10.1186/s13323-015-0030-2 · Cited by 41
High-coverage genome of the Tyrolean Iceman reveals unusually high Anatolian farmer ancestry
Wang, K., Prüfer, K., Krause‐Kyora, B., Childebayeva, A., Schuenemann, V. J., Coia, V., Maixner, F., Zink, A., Schiffels, S., & Krause, J. (2023) · Cell Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100377 · Cited by 41
Self-citationSilver, D. L. (2015) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201500108 · Cited by 41
Evolution and demography of the great apes
Kuhlwilm, M., de Manuel, M., Nater, A., Greminger, M. P., Krützen, M., & Marquès‐Bonet, T. (2016) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2016.09.005 · Cited by 41
Self-citationYew, C.-W., Lu, D., Deng, L., Wong, L.-P., Ong, R. T., Lü, Y., Wang, X., Yunus, Y., Aghakhanian, F. F., Mokhtar, S. S., et al. (2018) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-018-1869-0 · Cited by 43
A southern African origin and cryptic structure in the highly mobile plains zebra
Pedersen, C. T., Albrechtsen, A., Etter, P. D., Johnson, E. A., Orlando, L., Chikhi, L., SIEGISMUND, H. R., & Heller, R. (2018) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0453-7 · Cited by 42
Ancient Mammalian and Plant DNA from Late Quaternary Stalagmite Layers at Solkota Cave, Georgia
Stahlschmidt, M., Collin, T. C., Fernandes, D., Bar‐Oz, G., Belfer‐Cohen, A., Gao, Z., Jakeli, N., Matskevich, Z., Meshveliani, T., Pritchard, J. K., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43147-0 · Cited by 41
Zhang, C., Gao, Y., Ning, Z., Lü, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, J., Xie, B., Xue, Z., Wang, X., Yuan, K., et al. (2019) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-019-1838-5 · Cited by 41
New perspectives on Neanderthal dispersal and turnover from Stajnia Cave (Poland)
Picin, A., Hajdinjak, M., Nowaczewska, W., Benazzi, S., Urbanowski, M., Marciszak, A., Fewlass, H., Bosch, M. D., Socha, P., Stefaniak, K., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71504-x · Cited by 41
Dong, F., Kuo, H., Chen, G., Wu, F., Shan, P.-F., Wang, J., Chen, D., Lei, F., Hung, C., Liu, Y., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.0073 · Cited by 41
Salazar‐García, D. C., Power, R. C., Rudaya, N. A., Kolobova, K. A., Маркин, С. В., Krivoshapkin, A., Henry, A. G., Richards, M. P., & Viola, B. (2021) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.102985 · Cited by 41
Self-citationHuman inbreeding has decreased in time through the Holocene
Ceballos, F. C., Gürün, K., Altınışık, N. E., Gemici, H. C., Karamurat, C., Koptekin, D., Vural, K. B., Mapelli, I., Sağlıcan, E., Sürer, E., et al. (2021) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.027 · Cited by 41
Li, J., Zhang, Y., Ruhsam, M., MILNE, R. I., Wang, Y., Wu, D., Jia, S., Tao, T., & Mao, K. (2021) · Cladistics · doi:10.1111/cla.12491 · Cited by 41
The Impact of Ancient Genome Studies in Archaeology
Gökçümen, Ö., & Frachetti, M. D. (2020) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-010220-074353 · Cited by 40
The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal
Vallini, L., Zampieri, C., Shoaee, M. J., Bortolini, E., Marciani, G., Aneli, S., Pievani, T., Benazzi, S., Barausse, A., Mezzavilla, M., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46161-7 · Cited by 41
The proteome of the late Middle Pleistocene Harbin individual
Fu, Q., Bai, F., Rao, H., Chen, S., Ji, Y., Liu, A., Bennett, E. A., Liu, F., & Ji, Q. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adu9677 · Cited by 40
Self-citationLomax, J. E., Eller, C. H., & Raines, R. T. (2017) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20170173 · Cited by 40
Genome-wide sequence analyses of ethnic populations across Russia
Zhernakova, D. V., Brukhin, V. B., Malov, S. V., Oleksyk, T. K., Koepfli, K., Zhuk, A. S., Dobrynin, P. V., Kliver, S. F., Cherkasov, N., Tamazian, G., et al. (2019) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.03.007 · Cited by 40
Genetic Origins and Sex-Biased Admixture of the Huis
Ma, X., Yang, W., Gao, Y., Pan, Y., Lü, Y., Chen, H., Lu, D., & Xu, S. (2021) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msab158 · Cited by 40
Out of Africa and into Asia: Fossil and genetic evidence on modern human origins and dispersals
Reyes‐Centeno, H. (2016) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.063 · Cited by 40
de Sousa, A. A., Beaudet, A., Calvey, T., Bardo, A., Benoît, J., Charvet, C. J., Dehay, C., Gómez‐Robles, A., Gunz, P., Heuer, K., et al. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-023-04803-4 · Cited by 39
Diverse African genomes reveal selection on ancient modern human introgressions in Neanderthals
Harris, D., Platt, A., Hansen, M. E. B., Fan, S., McQuillan, M. A., Nyambo, T., Mpoloka, S. W., Mokone, G. G., Belay, G., Fokunang, C., et al. (2023) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.066 · Cited by 42
A human-specific enhancer fine-tunes radial glia potency and corticogenesis
Liu, J., Mosti, F., Zhao, H., Lollis, D., Sotelo-Fonseca, J. E., Escobar-Tomlienovich, C. F., Musso, C. M., Mao, Y., Massri, A. J., Doll, H. M., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09002-1 · Cited by 47
Igea, J., Aymerich, P., Bannikova, A. A., Gosálbez, J., & Castresana, J. (2015) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0485-z · Cited by 39
Inference of Ancestral Recombination Graphs Using ARGweaver
Hubisz, M. J., & Siepel, A. C. (2020) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0199-0_10 · Cited by 40
Seasonal effects on bipolar disorder: A closer look
Rosenthal, S. J., Josephs, T., Kovtun, O., & McCarty, R. C. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.017 · Cited by 39
Signatures of Introgression across the Allele Frequency Spectrum
Martin, S. H., & Amos, W. (2020) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa239 · Cited by 39
Reconstructing genetic histories and social organisation in Neolithic and Bronze Age Croatia
Freilich, S., Ringbauer, H., Los, D., Novak, M., Pavičić, D. T., Schiffels, S., & Pinhasi, R. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94932-9 · Cited by 39
Natural Selection Has Differentiated the Progesterone Receptor among Human Populations
Li, J., Hong, X., Mesiano, S. A., Muglia, L. J., Wang, X., Snyder, M. P., Stevenson, D. K., & Shaw, G. M. (2018) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.05.009 · Cited by 39
Paleolithic DNA from the Caucasus reveals core of West Eurasian ancestryPreprint
Lazaridis, I., Belfer‐Cohen, A., Mallick, S., Patterson, N. J., Cheronet, O., Rohland, N., Bar‐Oz, G., Bar‐Yosef, O., Jakeli, N., Kvavadze, E., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/423079 · Cited by 39
Self-citationCultural Evolution During the Middle and Late Pleistocene in Africa and Eurasia
Conard, N. J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39979-4_66 · Cited by 38
Impact of range expansions on current human genomic diversity
Sousa, V. C., Peischl, S., & Excoffier, L. (2014) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2014.07.007 · Cited by 38
Major transitions in human evolution revisited: A tribute to ancient DNA
Ermini, L., Sarkissian, C. S. I. D., Willerslev, E., & Orlando, L. (2014) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.015 · Cited by 37
The endocranial anatomy of maba 1
Wu, X., & Bruner, E. (2016) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22974 · Cited by 38
Pajic, P., Lin, Y., Xu, D., & Gökçümen, Ö. (2016) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0842-6 · Cited by 38
New evidence for Paleolithic human behavior in Mongolia: The Kharganyn Gol 5 site
Khatsenovich, A. M., Rybin, E. P., Gunchinsuren, B., Olsen, J. W., Shelepaev, R. A., Зоткина, Л. В., Bolorbat, T., Popov, A. Y., & Одсурэн, Д. (2017) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.013 · Cited by 38
Ancient Evolution and Dispersion of Human Papillomavirus 58 Variants
Chen, Z., Ho, W. C. S., Boon, S. S., Law, P. T. Y., Chan, M. C. W., DeSalle, R., Burk, R. D., & Chan, P. K. S. (2017) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01285-17 · Cited by 38
Evolution of genetic mechanisms regulating cortical neurogenesis
Espinós, A., Ortuño, E. F., Negri, E., & Borrell, V. (2022) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22891 · Cited by 38
Андреева, Т. В., Manakhov, A. D., Gusev, F. E., Patrikeev, A. D., Golovanova, L. V., Doronichev, V. B., Shirobokov, I. G., & Rogaev, E. I. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-16164-9 · Cited by 38
Self-citationEriksson, A., & Manica, A. (2014) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msu103 · Cited by 38
Pečnerová, P., Palkopoulou, E., Wheat, C. W., Skoglund, P., Vartanyan, S., Tikhonov, A., Nikolskiy, P. A., van der Plicht, J., Díez‐del‐Molino, D., & Dalén, L. (2017) · Evolution Letters · doi:10.1002/evl3.33 · Cited by 38
Diagnosing Homo sapiens in the fossil record
Stringer, C. B., & Buck, L. T. (2014) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.3109/03014460.2014.922616 · Cited by 37
Content discovery and retrieval services at the European Nucleotide Archive
Silvester, N. C., Alako, B., Amid, C., Cerdeño-Tárraga, A. M., Cleland, I., Gibson, R., Goodgame, N., ten Hoopen, P., Kay, S., Leinonen, R., et al. (2014) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gku1129 · Cited by 37
Inferring archaic introgression from hominin genetic data
Gopalan, S., Atkinson, E. G., Buck, L. T., Weaver, T. D., & Henn, B. M. (2021) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.21895 · Cited by 37
Shi, J., Jia, Z., Sun, J., Wang, X.-R., Zhao, X., Zhao, C., Liang, F., Song, X., Guan, J., Xue, J., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-44034-z · Cited by 37
Moreau, L., Odar, B., Higham, T., Horvat, A., Pirkmajer, D., & Turk, P. (2014) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.09.007 · Cited by 37
Polley, S., Louzada, S., Forni, D., Sironi, M., Balaskas, T., Hains, D. S., Yang, F., & Hollox, E. J. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1416531112 · Cited by 37
Clark, A. (2016) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.21486 · Cited by 37
The demographic and adaptive history of central African hunter-gatherers and farmers
Patin, É., & Quintana‐Murci, L. (2018) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2018.07.008 · Cited by 37
Guevara, E. E., Webster, T. H., Lawler, R. R., Bradley, B. J., Greene, L. K., Ranaivonasy, J., Ratsirarson, J., Harris, R. A., Liu, Y., Murali, S. C., et al. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd2274 · Cited by 37
Sensational Science, Archaic Hominin Genetics, and Amplified Inductive Risk
Havstad, J. C. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.1017/can.2021.15 · Cited by 37
Shidrang, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6826-3_10 · Cited by 37
Lalueza‐Fox, C. (2021) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01421-3 · Cited by 37
50,000 years of evolutionary history of India: Impact on health and disease variation
Kerdoncuff, E., Skov, L., Patterson, N., Banerjee, J., Khobragade, P., Chakrabarti, S. S., Chakrawarty, A., Chatterjee, P., Dhar, M., Gupta, M., et al. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.04.027 · Cited by 36
Self-citationThe material record and the antiquity of language
Tattersall, I. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.043 · Cited by 36
Ríos, L., Rosas, A., Estalrrich, A., García‐Tabernero, A., Bastir, M., Huguet, R., Pastor, J. F., Sanchis‐Gimeno, J. A., & Vives, M. D. L. R. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136550 · Cited by 36
Phonemic clicks and the mapping asymmetry: How language emerged and speech developed
Huybregts, M. A. C. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.041 · Cited by 36
Abdul‐Aziz, M. A., Cooper, A., & Weyrich, L. S. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01611 · Cited by 36
Çoraman, E., Dietz, C., Hempel, E., Ghazaryan, A., Levin, E., Presetnik, P., Zagmajster, M., & Mayer, F. (2019) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1111/jbi.13509 · Cited by 36
Prehistoric genomes from Yunnan reveal ancestry related to Tibetans and Austroasiatic speakers
Wang, T., Yang, M. A., Zhu, Z., Ma, M., Shi, H., Speidel, L., Min, R., Yuan, H., Jiang, Z., Hu, C., et al. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adq9792 · Cited by 35
Self-citationAncient humans and the origin of modern humans
Kelso, J. F., & Prüfer, K. (2014) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/j.gde.2014.09.004 · Cited by 35
Self-citationHeydari‐Guran, S., & Ghasidian, E. (2019) · Archaeological Research in Asia · doi:10.1016/j.ara.2019.100161 · Cited by 35
Esteller-Cucala, P., Maceda, I., Børglum, A. D., Demontis, D., Faraone, S. V., Cormand, B., & Lao, Ó. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65322-4 · Cited by 35
New insights into human immunity from ancient genomics
Kerner, G., Patin, É., & Quintana‐Murci, L. (2021) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2021.04.006 · Cited by 35
Our Tangled Family Tree: New Genomic Methods Offer Insight into the Legacy of Archaic Admixture
Ahlquist, K. D., Bañuelos, M. M., Funk, A., Lai, J., Rong, S., Villanea, F. A., & Witt, K. E. (2021) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evab115 · Cited by 36
Heydari‐Guran, S., Benazzi, S., Talamo, S., Ghasidian, E., Hariri, N., Oxilia, G., Asiabani, S., Azizi, F., Naderi, R., Safaierad, R., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253708 · Cited by 35
The visual story of data storage: From storage properties to user interfaces
Anžel, A., Heider, D., & Hattab, G. (2021) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.031 · Cited by 36
Turner‐Walker, G., Gutiérrez, A., Armentano, N., & Hsu, C.-Q. (2022) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2022.12.009 · Cited by 35
Archaic inheritance: supporting high-altitude life in Tibet
Huerta‐Sánchez, E., & Casey, F. (2015) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00322.2015 · Cited by 35
Zhang, X., Kim, B., Lohmueller, K. E., & Huerta-Sánchez, E. (2020) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.120.303081 · Cited by 35
Evolutionary and medical consequences of archaic introgression into modern human genomes
Dolgova, O., & Lao, O. (2018) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes9070358 · Cited by 34
A history of multiple Denisovan introgression events in modern humans
Ongaro, L., & Huerta‐Sánchez, E. (2024) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-024-01960-y · Cited by 34
Mohandesan, E., Speller, C., Peters, J., Uerpmann, H., Uerpmann, M., Cupere, B. D., Hofreiter, M., & Burger, P. A. (2016) · Molecular Ecology Resources · doi:10.1111/1755-0998.12551 · Cited by 34
An ABC Method for Whole-Genome Sequence Data: Inferring Paleolithic and Neolithic Human Expansions
Jay, F., Boitard, S., & Austerlitz, F. (2019) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msz038 · Cited by 35
Self-citationBetween a rock and a cold place: Neanderthal biocultural cold adaptations
Ocobock, C. J., Lacy, S., & Niclou, A. M. (2021) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.21894 · Cited by 34
Weber, G. W., Fornai, C., Gopher, A., Barkai, R., Sarig, R., & Hershkovitz, I. (2016) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.027 · Cited by 34
Mulcahy, D. G., Macdonald, K. S., Brady, S. G., Meyer, C., Barker, K. B., & Coddington, J. A. (2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.2528 · Cited by 34
GARLIC: Genomic Autozygosity Regions Likelihood-based Inference and Classification
Szpiech, Z. A., Blant, A., & Pemberton, T. J. (2017) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btx102 · Cited by 34
Natri, H. M., Hudjashov, G., Jacobs, G., Kusuma, P., Saag, L., Darusallam, C. C., Metspalu, M., Sudoyo, H., Cox, M. P., Gallego Romero, I., et al. (2022) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.11.017 · Cited by 33
The Neanderthal niche space of Western Eurasia 145 ka to 30 ka ago
Yaworsky, P. M., Nielsen, E. S., & Nielsen, T. K. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57490-4 · Cited by 33
Ancient DNA from the skeletons of Roopkund Lake reveals Mediterranean migrants in India
Harney, É., Nayak, A., Patterson, N. J., Joglekar, P. P., Mushrif‐Tripathy, V., Mallick, S., Rohland, N., Sedig, J. W., Adamski, N., Bernardos, R. L., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11357-9 · Cited by 34
Self-citationPatterns of mtDNA introgression suggest population replacement in Palaearctic whiskered bat species
Çoraman, E., Dundarova, H., Dietz, C., & Mayer, F. (2020) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.191805 · Cited by 33
Metadata
- Authors
- Prüfer, K., Racimo, F., Patterson, N., Jay, F., Sankararaman, S., Sawyer, S., Heinze, A., Renaud, G., Sudmant, P. H., de Filippo, C., Li, H., Mallick, S., Dannemann, M., Fu, Q., Kircher, M., Kuhlwilm, M., Lachmann, M., Meyer, M., Ongyerth, M., Siebauer, M., Theunert, C., Tandon, A., Moorjani, P., Pickrell, J., Mullikin, J. C., Vohr, S. H., Green, R. E., Hellmann, I., Johnson, P. L. F., Blanche, H., Cann, H., Kitzman, J. O., Shendure, J., Eichler, E. E., Lein, E. S., Bakken, T. E., Golovanova, L. V., Doronichev, V. B., Shunkov, M. V., Derevianko, A. P., Viola, B., Slatkin, M., Reich, D., Kelso, J., & Pääbo, S.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (DE)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Harvard University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Max Perutz Labs (AT)
- Emory University (US)
- Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH (FR)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Allen Institute for Brain Science (US)
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
- Corresponding author
- Slatkin, Montgomery
- Reich, David
- Pääbo, Svante
- ORCID
- Prüfer, Kay
- Racimo, Fernando
- Patterson, Nick
- Jay, Flora
- Sankararaman, Sriram
- Sawyer, Susanna
- Renaud, Gabriel
- Sudmant, Peter H.
- Li, Heng
- Mallick, Swapan
- Dannemann, Michael
- Fu, Qiaomei
- Kircher, Martin
- Kuhlwilm, Martin
- Lachmann, Michael
- Meyer, Matthias
- Moorjani, Priya
- Mullikin, James C.
- Vohr, Samuel H.
- Green, Richard E.
- Hellmann, Ines
- Kitzman, Jacob O.
- Shendure, Jay
- Eichler, Evan E.
- Lein, Ed S.
- Bakken, Trygve E.
- Golovanova, Liubov V.
- Doronichev, Vladimir B.
- Shunkov, Michael V.
- Viola, Bence
- Slatkin, Montgomery
- Reich, David
- Kelso, Janet
- Pääbo, Svante
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2013-12-18
- Volume
- 505
- Issue
- 7481
- Pages
- 43-49
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC4031459
- OpenAlex
- W2047998066
- Cited by
- 2,254
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 127 · 2025: 157 · 2024: 193 · 2023: 180 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 221 · 2020: 159 · 2019: 170 · 2018: 195 · 2017: 202 · 2016: 199 · 2015: 159 · 2014: 144 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 792.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Human Genome Research Institute (HG006283, HG002385, R01HG006283, R01HG002385)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM040282, GM100233, R01GM100233, R01‑GM40282)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Keywords
- Neanderthal genome, Denisovans, Denisova Cave, Altai Mountains, inbreeding, interbreeding, gene flow, modern human ancestry, toe bone
- MeSH terms
- Africa, Animals, Female, Fossils, Gene Frequency, Heterozygote, Humans, Inbreeding, Models, Genetic, Phylogeny, Population Density, Siberia, Genome, Toe Phalanges, Gene Flow, DNA Copy Number Variations, Neanderthals, Caves
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
