Cited by 1,125Genomics and Rare DiseasesGenomic variations and chromosomal abnormalitiesGenetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Genome sequencing identifies major causes of severe intellectual disability

Open access

Abstract

Severe intellectual disability (ID) occurs in 0.5% of newborns and is thought to be largely genetic in origin. The extensive genetic heterogeneity of this disorder requires a genome-wide detection of all types of genetic variation. Microarray studies and, more recently, exome sequencing have demonstrated the importance of de novo copy number variations (CNVs) and single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) in ID, but the majority of cases remain undiagnosed. Here we applied whole-genome sequencing to 50 patients with severe ID and their unaffected parents. All patients included had not received a molecular diagnosis after extensive genetic prescreening, including microarray-based CNV studies and exome sequencing. Notwithstanding this prescreening, 84 de novo SNVs affecting the coding region were identified, which showed a statistically significant enrichment of loss-of-function mutations as well as an enrichment for genes previously implicated in ID-related disorders. In addition, we identified eight de novo CNVs, including single-exon and intra-exonic deletions, as well as interchromosomal duplications. These CNVs affected known ID genes more frequently than expected. On the basis of diagnostic interpretation of all de novo variants, a conclusive genetic diagnosis was reached in 20 patients. Together with one compound heterozygous CNV causing disease in a recessive mode, this results in a diagnostic yield of 42% in this extensively studied cohort, and 62% as a cumulative estimate in an unselected cohort. These results suggest that de novo SNVs and CNVs affecting the coding region are a major cause of severe ID. Genome sequencing can be applied as a single genetic test to reliably identify and characterize the comprehensive spectrum of genetic variation, providing a genetic diagnosis in the majority of patients with severe ID.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nature13394

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 29 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Bell, J. B. D., Sistermans, E. & Ramsden, S. C. Practice guidelines for the Interpretation and Reporting of Unclassified Variants (UVs) in Clinical Molecular Genetics (The UK Clinical Molecular Genetics Society and the Dutch Society of Clinical Genetic Laboratory Specialists, 2007)

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 1,001

Metadata

Authors
Gilissen, C., Hehir-Kwa, J. Y., Thung, D. T., van de Vorst, M., van Bon, B. W. M., Willemsen, M. H., Kwint, M., Janssen, I. M., Hoischen, A., Schenck, A., Leach, R., Klein, R., Tearle, R., Bo, T., Pfundt, R., Yntema, H. G., de Vries, B. B. A., Kleefstra, T., Brunner, H. G., Vissers, L. E. L. M., & Veltman, J. A.
Affiliations
  • Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
  • Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
  • Complete Genomics (United States) (US)
  • Central South University (CN)
Corresponding author
Veltman, Joris A.
Venue
Nature
Published
2014-06-04
Volume
511
Issue
7509
Pages
344-347
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2045392412
Cited by
1,125
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 30 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 115 · 2018: 122 · 2017: 129 · 2016: 137 · 2015: 110 · 2014: 28
FWCI
88.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
  • Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Keywords
severe intellectual disability, de novo copy number variation, loss-of-function mutations, whole genome sequencing, genetic diagnosis, diagnostic yield, recessive inheritance, undiagnosed genetic disorders
MeSH terms
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4, Humans, Male, Intellectual Disability, Mutation, Cohort Studies, Genome, Human, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Gene Duplication, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, Chromosomes, Human, X, DNA Copy Number Variations

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review