Cited by 967

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Reducing the energy cost of human walking using an unpowered exoskeleton

Collins, Steven H., Wiggin, M. Bruce, Sawicki, Gregory S.·2015·Nature

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nature14288

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 38

  1. Alexander, R. M. Principles of Animal Locomotion Chs 1 and 7 (Princeton Univ. Press, 2003). · DOI · Paper page
  2. Malcolm, P., Derave, W., Galle, S. & De Clercq, D. A simple exoskeleton that assists plantarflexion can reduce the metabolic cost of human walking. PLoS ONE 8, e56137 (2013). · DOI
  3. Lovejoy, C. O. The natural history of human gait and posture: part 1. Spine and pelvis. Gait Posture 21, 95–112 (2005).
  4. Dietz, V. Spinal cord pattern generators for locomotion. Clin. Neurophysiol. 114, 1379–1389 (2003). · DOI
  5. Forssberg, H. Ontogeny of human locomotor control I. Infant stepping, supported locomotion and transition to independent locomotion. Exp. Brain Res. 57, 480–493 (1985). · DOI
  6. Davidson, P. R. & Wolpert, D. M. Widespread access to predictive models in the motor system: a short review. J. Neural Eng. 2, S313–S319 (2005). · DOI
  7. Ericsson, K. A. & Charness, N. Expert performance: its structure and acquisition. Am. Psychol. 49, 725–747 (1994). · DOI · Paper page
  8. Zarrugh, M. Y., Todd, F. N. & Ralston, H. J. Optimization of energy expenditure during level walking. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 33, 293–306 (1974). · DOI · Paper page
  9. Collins, S. H., Adamczyk, P. G. & Kuo, A. D. Dynamic arm swinging in human walking. Proc. R. Soc. B. 276, 3679–3688 (2009). · DOI
  10. Westerterp, K. R. Physical activity and physical activity induced energy expenditure in humans: measurement, determinants, and effects. Front. Physiol. 4, 90 (2013). · DOI
  11. Grabowski, A. M. & Herr, H. M. Leg exoskeleton reduces the metabolic cost of human hopping. J. Appl. Physiol. 107, 670–678 (2009). · DOI
  12. van Dijk, W., van der Kooij, H. & Hekman, E. A passive exoskeleton with artificial tendons: design and experimental evaluation. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Rehabil. Rob. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICORR.2011.5975470 (2011). · DOI
  13. Zoss, A. & Kazerooni, H. Design of an electrically actuated lower extremity exoskeleton. Adv. Robot. 20, 967–988 (2006). · DOI
  14. Mooney, L. M., Rouse, E. J. & Herr, H. M. Autonomous exoskeleton reduces metabolic cost of human walking. J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 11, 1–6 (2014). · DOI
  15. Rome, L. C., Flynn, L. & Yoo, T. D. Biomechanics: rubber bands reduce the cost of carrying loads. Nature 444, 1023–1024 (2006). · DOI
  16. Heglund, N. C., Willems, P. A., Penta, M. & Cavagna, G. A. Energy-saving gait mechanics with head-supported loads. Nature 375, 52–54 (1995). · DOI
  17. Zelik, K. E., Huang, T. W. P., Adamczyk, P. G. & Kuo, A. D. The role of series ankle elasticity in bipedal walking. J. Theor. Biol. 346, 75–85 (2014). · DOI
  18. Zelik, K. E. & Kuo, A. D. Human walking isn't all hard work: evidence of soft tissue contributions to energy dissipation and return. J. Exp. Biol. 213, 4257–4264 (2010). · DOI
  19. Ryschon, T. W., Fowler, M. D., Wysong, R. E., Anthony, A. & Balaban, R. S. Efficiency of human skeletal muscle in vivo: comparison of isometric, concentric, and eccentric muscle action. J. Appl. Physiol. 83, 867–874 (1997). · DOI
  20. Roberts, T. J. The integrated function of muscles and tendons during locomotion. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 133, 1087–1099 (2002). · DOI
  21. Ishikawa, M., Komi, P. V., Grey, M. J., Lepola, V. & Bruggemann, G. P. Muscle-tendon interaction and elastic energy usage in human walking. J. Appl. Physiol. 99, 603–608 (2005). · DOI
  22. Bregman, D. J. et al. The effect of ankle foot orthosis stiffness on the energy cost of walking: a simulation study. Clin. Biomech. 26, 955–961 (2011). · DOI
  23. Browning, R. C., Modica, J. R., Kram, R. & Goswami, A. The effects of adding mass to the legs on the energetics and biomechanics of walking. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 39, 515–525 (2007). · DOI
  24. Umberger, B. R. & Rubenson, J. Understanding muscle energetics in locomotion: new modeling and experimental approaches. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 39, 59–67 (2011). · DOI
  25. Farris, D. J., Robertson, B. D. & Sawicki, G. S. Elastic ankle exoskeletons reduce soleus muscle force but not work in human hopping. J. Appl. Physiol. 115, 579–585 (2013). · DOI
  26. Holt, N. C., Roberts, T. J. & Askew, G. N. The energetic benefits of tendon springs in running: is the reduction of muscle work important? J. Exp. Biol. 217, 4365–4371 (2014). · DOI
  27. Kao, P. C., Lewis, C. L. & Ferris, D. P. Invariant ankle moment patterns when walking with and without a robotic ankle exoskeleton. J. Biomech. 43, 203–209 (2010). · DOI
  28. Shamaei, K., Sawicki, G. S. & Dollar, A. M. Estimation of quasi-stiffness and propulsive work of the human ankle in the stance phase of walking. PLoS ONE 8, e59935 (2013). · DOI
  29. Galle, S., Malcolm, P., Derave, W. & De Clercq, D. Adaptation to walking with an exoskeleton that assists ankle extension. Gait Posture 38, 495–499 (2013). · DOI
  30. Winter, D. A. Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement Ch. 7 (John Wiley, 2009). · DOI
  31. Farris, D. J. & Sawicki, G. S. Linking the mechanics and energetics of hopping with elastic ankle exoskeletons. J. Appl. Physiol. 113, 1862–1872 (2012). · DOI
  32. Sawicki, G. S. & Ferris, D. P. Mechanics and energetics of level walking with powered ankle exoskeletons. J. Exp. Biol. 211, 1402–1413 (2008). · DOI
  33. Donelan, J. M., Kram, R. & Kuo, A. D. Simultaneous positive and negative external mechanical work in human walking. J. Biomech. 35, 117–124 (2002). · DOI
  34. Brockway, J. M. Derivation of formulae used to calculate energy expenditure in man. Hum. Nutr. Clin. Nutr. 41, 463–471 (1987).
  35. Glantz, S. A. Primer of Biostatistics 65 (McGraw-Hill, 2005).
  36. Tucker, V. A. The energetic cost of moving about: walking and running are extremely inefficient forms of locomotion. Much greater efficiency is achieved by birds, fish—and bicyclists. Am. Sci. 63, 413–419 (1975).
  37. Donelan, J. M. et al. Biomechanical energy harvesting: generating electricity during walking with minimal user effort. Science 319, 807–810 (2008). · DOI
  38. Collins, S. H. & Kuo, A. D. Recycling energy to restore impaired ankle function during human walking. PLoS ONE 5, e9307 (2010). · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 967

Metadata

Authors
Collins, S. H., Wiggin, M. B., & Sawicki, G. S.
Venue
Nature
Published
2015-04-01
Volume
522
Issue
7555
Pages
212-215
ISSN
  • 0028-0836
  • 1476-4687
Cited by
967
References
3
Language
en

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review