The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Robust neuronal dynamics in premotor cortex during motor planning
Open accessAbstract
Neural activity maintains representations that bridge past and future events, often over many seconds. Network models can produce persistent and ramping activity, but the positive feedback that is critical for these slow dynamics can cause sensitivity to perturbations. Here we use electrophysiology and optogenetic perturbations in the mouse premotor cortex to probe the robustness of persistent neural representations during motor planning. We show that preparatory activity is remarkably robust to large-scale unilateral silencing: detailed neural dynamics that drive specific future movements were quickly and selectively restored by the network. Selectivity did not recover after bilateral silencing of the premotor cortex. Perturbations to one hemisphere are thus corrected by information from the other hemisphere. Corpus callosum bisections demonstrated that premotor cortex hemispheres can maintain preparatory activity independently. Redundancy across selectively coupled modules, as we observed in the premotor cortex, is a hallmark of robust control systems. Network models incorporating these principles show robustness that is consistent with data.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Serial transformation of sensory inputs along bottom–up hierarchical pathways has been observed in rodents engaged in whisker-discrimination tasks (8, 9) with an increasingly stronger association with perceptual choice in S2 (10, 11) and premotor areas (12–14) rather than whisker-related wS1 (9).”
From Neural correlates of perceptual decision-making in the primary somatosensory cortex (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Therefore, this global regulation is unlikely to originate directly from frontal cortical premotor areas (12–14) since frontal cortices have a high degree of symmetry for both ipsilateral and contralateral projections (59).”
From Neural correlates of perceptual decision-making in the primary somatosensory cortex (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Hence, peak 4 is likely to reflect participation of the primary somatosensory cortex in motor preparatory activity, often observed in higher motor cortices (12–14).”
From Neural correlates of perceptual decision-making in the primary somatosensory cortex (2026) · cites this paper as [13]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Rogers, S. (1996) · Control Engineering Practice · doi:10.1016/0967-0661(96)82838-3 · Cited by 10,013
The Neural Basis of Decision Making
Gold, J. I., & Shadlen, M. N. (2007) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113038 · Cited by 3,764
Mnemonic coding of visual space in the monkey's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Funahashi, S., Bruce, C. J., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1989) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1989.61.2.331 · Cited by 2,685
Kitano, H. (2004) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1471 · Cited by 2,278
Neuron Activity Related to Short-Term Memory
Fuster, J. M., & Alexander, G. E. (1971) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.173.3997.652 · Cited by 2,085
Reliability of spike timing in neocortical neurons
Mainen, Z. F., & Sejnowski, T. J. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7770778 · Cited by 1,950
Context-dependent computation by recurrent dynamics in prefrontal cortex
Mante, V., Sussillo, D., Shenoy, K. V., & Newsome, W. T. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12742 · Cited by 1,910
A toolbox of Cre-dependent optogenetic transgenic mice for light-induced activation and silencing
Madisen, L., Mao, T., Koch, H., Zhuo, J.-M., Berenyi, A., Fujisawa, S., Hsu, Y.-W. A., Garcia, A. J., Gu, X., Zanella, S., et al. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3078 · Cited by 1,398
Self-citationReverse engineering of biological complexity
Csete, M. E., & Doyle, J. C. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1069981 · Cited by 1,215
A Developmental Switch in the Response of DRG Neurons to ETS Transcription Factor Signaling
Hippenmeyer, S., Pecho‐Vrieseling, E., Sigrist, M., Portmann, T., Laengle, C., Ladle, D. R., & Arber, S. (2005) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030159 · Cited by 1,111
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 53 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 454
Multiplexing of cognitive encoding by oculomotor networks leads to incidental gaze shifts
Rosen, M. C., & Freedman, D. J. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2422331122 · Cited by 10
Ranjbar‐Slamloo, Y., Chong, H. R., & Kamigaki, T. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-07498-x · Cited by 7
Secondary motor cortex tracks decision value during the learning of a non-instructed task
Augusto, E., Kouskoff, V., Chenouard, N., Giraudet, M., Peltier, L., de Miranda, A., Louis, A., Alonso, L., & Gambino, F. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115152 · Cited by 7
Uncoordinated sleep replay across hemispheres in the zebra finch
Elmaleh, M., Yang, Z., Ackert-Smith, L. A., & Long, M. A. (2023) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.005 · Cited by 6
Rule-based modulation of a sensorimotor transformation across cortical areasPreprint
Chang, Y.-T., Finkel, E. A., Xu, D., & O’Connor, D. H. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.554194
“For each task rule, we estimated coding dimensions (CDs) that maximally discriminated the neural trajectories for different conditions 47,48 (Fig.”
BackgroundMethodAn adaptive behavioral control motif mediated by cortical axo-axonic inhibition
Jung, K., Chang, M., Steinecke, A., Berke, B., Choi, Y., Oisi, Y., Fitzpatrick, D., Taniguchi, H., & Kwon, H.-B. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.03.10.531767 · Cited by 5
Unraveling the Entangled Brain: How Do We Go About It?
Druckmann, S., & Rust, N. C. (2022) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01950 · Cited by 5
“We also determined that these short-term memory representations (and behavior) were surprisingly robust to perturbation as a consequence of distributed interactions between ALM across the two hemispheres (Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA Novel Device of Reaching, Grasping, and Retrieving Task for Head-Fixed Mice
Manita, S., Ikezoe, K., & Kitamura, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2022.842748 · Cited by 4
“In addition to M1, behavioral bias similar to that observed in lick movements (Li et al., 2016; Svoboda and Li, 2018) may also be found in forelimb reaching movements by briefly suppressing the premotor cortex before the onset of movement.”
BackgroundDynamical Feedback Control: Motor Cortex as an Optimal Feedback Controller Based on Neural DynamicsPreprint
Versteeg, C., & Miller, L. E. (2022) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202201.0428.v1 · Cited by 6
“…the go cue, while the monkey’s hand is stationary and sensory inputs are unchanging, inputs from premotor areas and basal ganglia push motor cortex into a preparatory state that depends on the motor plan and costs/rewards, respectively (Z. Gao et al., 2018; Kaufman et al., 2014; Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundStriatal indirect pathway mediates action switching via modulation of collicular dynamicsPreprint
Lee, J., & Sabatini, B. L. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.10.01.319574 · Cited by 4
Distributed processing of side-choice biases
Treviño, M., & y León, R. M. (2020) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147138 · Cited by 5
Boosting generalized recovery by combined optogenetic stimulation and training after strokePreprint
Conti, E., Mascaro, A., Scaglione, A., Devito, G., Calugi, F., Pasquini, M., Pizzorusso, T., Micera, S., & Pavone, F. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.03.05.974972 · Cited by 5
“With the emergence of optogenetics, targeted neuronal populations could be activated or inhibited achieving a high temporal and spatial precision (Boyden et al., 2005; Li et al., 2016; Yizhar et al., 2011).”
BackgroundTakagi, Y., Hunt, L., Woolrich, M., Behrens, T., & Klein-Flügge, M. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.02.24.962290 · Cited by 5
Leyrer‐Jackson, J. M., & Thomas, M. P. (2019) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14256 · Cited by 6
“…to the current study, this study also suggests an enhancement in cortico-cortical activity and therefore heightened communication between hemispheres, a phenomenon shown to play an important role in delay period activity (Li et al., 2016), essential for working memory tasks (Liu et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialFlexible routing of motor control signals through neocortical projection neuron classes
Park, J., Phillips, J. W., Martin, K. A., Hantman, A., & Dudman, J. (2019) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/772517 · Cited by 5
Heming, E. A., Cross, K. P., Takei, T., Cook, D. J., & Scott, S. H. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/587378 · Cited by 4
Soma, S., Suematsu, N., Yoshida, J., Ríos, A., & Shimegi, S. (2018) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2018.10.014 · Cited by 6
Dominant phase-advanced driving analysis of self-sustained oscillations in biological networks
Zheng, Z., & Qian, Y. (2018) · Chinese Physics B · doi:10.1088/1674-1056/27/1/018901 · Cited by 8
Ning, C., Fu, G., Zhang, Y.-Y., Meyniel, F., & Wang, L. (2026) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.11.014 · Cited by 5
West, S. L., Gerhart, M. L., & Ebner, T. J. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51816-6 · Cited by 17
“This anticipatory change in FC may reflect motor planning 2,50,51 and locomotion initiation 40,41,44,45 processes associated with upstream regions.”
Specialized structure of neural population codes in parietal cortex outputs
Safaai, H., Wang, A. Y., Kira, S., Malerba, S. B., Panzeri, S., & Harvey, C. D. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554635 · Cited by 4
Adaptive robustness through incoherent signaling mechanisms in a regenerative brain
Bray, S. R., Wyss, L. S., Chai, C., Lozada, M., & Wang, B. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.01.20.523817 · Cited by 4
Dopamine builds and reveals reward-associated latent behavioral attractors
Naudé, J., Sarazin, M., Mondoloni, S., Hannesse, B., Vicq, É., Amegandjin, F., Mourot, A., Fauré, P., & Delord, B. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53976-x · Cited by 11
“The attractorial principle of MAGNet is consistent with brainwide attractor dynamics; e.g. in the frontal cortex 44 , but also in premotor 45 , visual 46 or limbic 47 structures.”
Steinmüller, J., Bjarkam, C., Orlowski, D., Sørensen, J., & Glud, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2021.716145 · Cited by 4
Interhemispheric Cortico-Cortical Pathway for Sequential Bimanual Movements in Mice
Jeong, M., Lee, H., Kim, Y., Wang, E. H.-J., Paik, S., Lim, B. K., & Kim, D. (2021) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0200-21.2021 · Cited by 14
“This order of activation (1P before 2P) raises the possibility that information is propagating from the 1P to the 2P hemisphere; however, we also considered the alternative premise that each cortex operates independently of the other (Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundDistributed context-dependent choice information in mouse dorsal-parietal cortexPreprint
Orlandi, J. G., Abdolrahmani, M., Aoki, R., Lyamzin, D. R., & Benucci, A. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.02.433657 · Cited by 3
Robustness in spiking networks: a geometric perspectivePreprint
Calaim, N., Dehmelt, F. A., Gonçalves, P. J., & Machens, C. K. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.15.148338 · Cited by 7
“Indeed, most models of neural networks, when faced with partial damage, lose their functionality quite 25 rapidly (Figure 1A-C) [9, 12, 13].”
BackgroundMovement and performance predict widespread cortical activity in a visual detection taskPreprint
Salkoff, D. B., Zagha, E., McCarthy, E., & McCormick, D. A. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/709642 · Cited by 8
“4D), to contribute to performance of the task (Li et al. 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialCui, L., Ren, S.-Y., Xi, Y., Zeng, L., Chen, G., Liu, K., Yu, T., He, C., Guo, W., Yin, Z., et al. (2018) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2018.06.013 · Cited by 3
Learning probabilistic representations with randomly connected neural circuitsPreprint
Maoz, O., Tkacčik, G., Esteki, M. S., Kiani, R., & Schneidman, E. (2018) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/478545 · Cited by 4
“In contrast, bottom-up approaches grounded in probabilistic modeling, statistical physics, or deep neu-37 ral networks, can yield concise and accurate models of the joint activity of the neural population in an unsupervised fashion [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27].”
BackgroundEriksson, D. (2016) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2016.00058 · Cited by 4
“, 2014), and with a light power density of approximately 10 mW/mm2, 90% of the cells could be silenced (Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundScheib, J., Newman, Z. L., Gable, J., Farinella, D., Head, M., Bliese, S., Dougen, B., Jayakumar, H., Young, S., Miller, N., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.05.06.722323 · Cited by 3
“To compare population dynamics between two trial types, we calculated the CDs along which activ-649 ity maximally discriminated between the trial types ( Stopfer et al., 2003 ; Li et al., 2016 ).”
Functional reorganization of motor cortex connectivity during learningPreprint
Daie, K., Aitken, K., Rózsa, M., Bull, M. S., Humphreys, P., Wang, Z. C., Kinsey, L. W., Kulkarni, M., Stachenfeld, K., Eckstein, M. K., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.03.709199 · Cited by 3
Self-citationZhang, F., Wang, Q.-Y., Wei, N.-X., Zhu, X., Wu, L.-B., Shu, Q., Chang, H.-M., Wu, Y., Zheng-jie, L. U. O., Shao, W., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116734 · Cited by 3
Cortical dopaminergic signaling mediates planning of directional movements
Chen, J., & Fontanini, A. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adt2730 · Cited by 2
“Nondirectional, ramping activity is likely to originate externally to ALM, with long-range, multiregion loops involving areas such as the thalamus and basal ganglia ( 10 , 45 , 48 ).”
InfluentialHierarchical Replay of Multi-regional Sequential Spiking Associated with Working Memory
Huang, E., Xu, D., Zhu, H., Chen, Z., Chen, Y., Lei, S., Liu, J., Li, C., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-025-01524-y · Cited by 7
Reusable modular architecture enables flexible cognitive operations
Osako, Y., Buschman, T. J., & Sur, M. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7420993/v1 · Cited by 3
Interactions across hemispheres in prefrontal cortex reflect global cognitive processing
McDonnell, M., Umakantha, A., Williamson, R. C., Smith, M. A., & Yu, B. M. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-71725-0 · Cited by 1
Ramping dynamics in the frontal cortex unfold over multiple timescales during motor planning
Affan, R. O., Bright, I. M., Pemberton, L. N., Cruzado, N. A., Scott, B. B., & Howard, M. W. (2025) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00234.2024 · Cited by 12
“Many neurons in the ALM display fi ring rates that gradually increase or decrease during a delay interval that precedes the execution of a planned movement, a pattern commonly referred to as ramping activity (11, 12).”
Choi, J. H., Bae, S., Park, J., Yoo, M., Kim, C. H., Schmitt, L. I., Tchoe, Y., Chung, D., Choi, J.-W., & Rah, J. (2025) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003359 · Cited by 5
“This procedure closely follows previously described methodologies [53,54].”
Neural dynamics of reversal learning in the prefrontal cortex and recurrent neural networks
Kim, C. M., Chow, C., & Averbeck, B. (2024) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.09.14.613033 · Cited by 3
Mouse frontal cortex nonlinearly encodes stimuli, choices, and outcomes
Wool, L. E., Lak, A., Carandini, M., & Harris, K. D. (2023) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19693.1 · Cited by 8
Constructing neural networks with pre-specified dynamics
Mininni, C. J., & Zanutto, B. S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-69747-z · Cited by 3
“Redundant codes are a hallmark property of robust systems, neural systems included[28, 29].”
BackgroundRecent strategies for neural dynamics observation at a larger scale and wider scope
Lee, C. H., Park, Y. K., & Lee, K. (2023) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2023.115638 · Cited by 4
Response Time Distributions and the Accumulation of Visual Evidence in Freely Moving Mice
Treviño, M., y León, R. M., & Lezama, E. (2022) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.08.015 · Cited by 7
Massai, E., Bonizzato, M., de Jesus, I., Drainville, R., & Martinez, M. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.92940 · Cited by 8
“(5) Distributed (Ames & Churchland, 2019; Cisek et al., 2003; Li et al., 2016) or overlapping (Gazzaniga, 2000; Merrick et al., 2022; Parsons et al., 1998; Schaefer et al., 2007; Volpe et al., 1982) motor cortical computations across the two hemispheres.”
BackgroundCompetitive state of actions during planning predicts sequence execution accuracy
Mantziara, M., Ivanov, T. G., Houghton, G., & Kornysheva, K. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.05.08.085068 · Cited by 3
Unsupervised identification of states from voltage recordings of neural networks
Garolini, D., Vitalis, A., & Caflisch, A. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.01.019 · Cited by 3
“These experiments produce a very large amount of data with high temporal (more than 15 kHz multi-channel sampling (Li et al., 2016)) and spatial resolutions (up to 80,000 neurons recorded simultaneously (Ahrens et al.”
Crash Testing an Engineering Framework in Neuroscience: Does the Idea of Robustness Break Down?
Chirimuuta, M. (2017) · Philosophia Scientiæ · doi:10.1086/694084 · Cited by 3
“See Li et al. (2016).”
Flexible control of speed of cortical dynamics
Wang, J., Narain, D., Hosseini, E. A., & Jazayeri, M. (2017) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/155390 · Cited by 3
A frontal motor circuit for economic decisions and actionsPreprint
Gauld, O. M., Bao, C., Li, J., Boeshertz, G., Sit, T. P. H., Warren, J., Tutt, J. O., Pan, Y., Zervogiannis, N., Clopath, C., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.11.693624 · Cited by 9
“The observed mode switch in interhemispheric interactions from cooperation to competition across task epochs is reminiscent of findings that early but not late unilateral ALM inhibition can be compensated by the unperturbed opposite hemisphere 55 .”
Age and learning shapes sound representations in auditory cortex during adolescencePreprint
Praegel, B., Chen, F., Dym, A., Lavi-Rudel, A., Druckmann, S., & Mizrahi, A. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106387
“Cortical coding is performed by populations of neurons, which can efficiently encode stimuli on a trial- by-trial basis ( Druckmann and Chklovskii, 2012 ; Kang and Druckmann, 2020 ; Li et al., 2016 ; Wei et al., 2019 ; Wei et al., 2020 ).”
Self-citationOne of these things is not like the others: Theta, beta, & ERP dynamics of mismatch detectionPreprint
Yarbrough, J. B., Shi, L., Chattopadhyay, K., Knight, R. T., & Johnson, E. L. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.07.11.664390 · Cited by 3
Zeng, Z., Zhang, C., Xu, Y., He, H., & Gu, Y. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60504-y · Cited by 3
“In our current study, we used a global optic fl ow stimulus, which could involve a large area spanning both hemispheres that can easilycompensateforeachother 11 .”
Unraveling the dynamical mechanisms of motor preparation based on the heterogeneous attractor model
Wang, X., Yin, L., Yu, Y., & Wang, Q.-Y. (2025) · Chaos, Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116220 · Cited by 2
Active learning of neural population dynamics using two-photon holographic optogenetics
Wagenmaker, A., Mi, L., Rózsa, M., Bull, M. S., Svoboda, K., Daie, K., Golub, M., & Jamieson, K. (2024) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2412.02529 · Cited by 2
“…enabled neuroscientists to generate and test a multitude of hypotheses about how specific neural populations support the neural computations that underlie, for example, motor control [2–4], motor timing [5, 6], decision making [7–10], working memory [11], social behavior [12], and learning [13–16].”
Self-citationCortical actions of thyroid hormone: An exploration and metabolism crossroad
López, M. (2024) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2024.09.004 · Cited by 2
Rule-based modulation of a sensorimotor transformation across cortical areas
Chang, Y.-T., Finkel, E. A., Xu, D., & O’Connor, D. H. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.92620 · Cited by 8
Hierarchical replay of multi-regional sequential spiking associated with working memory
Huang, E.-M., Xu, D., Zhu, H.-G., Chen, Z.-Q., Chen, Y.-L., Zhang, X.-X., & Li, C.-Y. T. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.10.08.561458 · Cited by 2
Chae, S., Sohn, J.-W., & Kim, S.-P. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.548512 · Cited by 2
“To investigate the underlying neural mechanism of this difference, we calculated selectivity, indicating the degree of bias towards a particular licking direction in neuronal activity (right vs. left) (Li et al., 2015; Li et al., 2016a) (Fig.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSuperior colliculus cell types bidirectionally modulate choice activity in frontal cortexPreprint
Thomas, A. M., Yang, W., Wang, C. K., Tipparaju, S. L., Chen, G., Sullivan, B. J., Swiekatowski, K. R., Tatam, M., Gerfen, C. R., & Li, N. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.22.537884 · Cited by 2
Self-citationZareian, B., Lam, A., & Zagha, E. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.03.03.482906 · Cited by 2
“Prior representational and causal studies implicate the involvement of both MC and DLS in whisker detection/discrimination tasks (Aruljothi et al., 2020; Guo et al., 2014; Hong et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2019; Li et al., 2015; Li et al., 2016; Sippy et al., 2015; Zagha et al., 2015; Zareian et al., 2021).”
BackgroundInvestigation of Neural Substrates of Erroneous Behavior in a Delayed-Response Task
Chae, S., Sohn, J.-W., & Kim, S.-P. (2022) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0490-21.2022 · Cited by 2
“…model based on recurrent neural networks could generate virtual neurons with selectivity, suggesting that the selectivity of motor cortical neurons could be the result of latent dynamics under which a population of neurons modulates their firing activities to perform a task (Michaels et al., 2016).”
BackgroundVariations in Commissural Input Processing Across Different Types of Cortical Projection Neurons
Yi, J. H., Choe, S. Y., & Jung, M. W. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhab361 · Cited by 3
Inferring the function performed by a recurrent neural network
Chalk, M., Tkačik, G., & Marre, O. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248940 · Cited by 11
“Previous work suggests that this may hold in certain cases, in response to changes in stimulus statistics [47, 48], or optogonetic perturbations [49].”
BackgroundCerebellar connectivity maps embody individual adaptive behavior
Spaeth, L., Bahuguna, J., Gagneux, T., Dorgans, K., Sugihara, I., Poulain, B., Battaglia, D., & Isope, P. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.02.24.432563 · Cited by 2
“(4) The average local assortativity measures the tendency of nodes to connect to other nodes with similar strength (i.”
BackgroundNull Ain’t Dull: New Perspectives on Motor Cortex
Kao, T.-C., & Hennequin, G. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.09.005 · Cited by 2
“Redundant representations improve robustness to perturbations [1, 2], might allow multiple computations to occur concurrently in the same circuit [3, 4], and could explain why behaviour remains stable despite routine reorganization of neural representations [5].”
BackgroundMorrissette, A. E., Chen, P.-H., Bhamani, C., Borden, P. Y., Waiblinger, C., Stanley, G. B., & Jaeger, D. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/360818 · Cited by 1
“In mice performing a similar directional licking task, suppressing activity in either the VM thalamus, which is a major component of BGMT, or the ALM premotor cortex, through either optogenetic or muscimol inactivation selectively disrupts contralateral licking, while leaving ipsilateral licking unaffected (Li et al.,…”
BackgroundExploratory noise governs both flexibility and spontaneous errors and is regulated by cocaine
Ebitz, R., Sleezer, B. J., Jedema, H., Bradberry, C. W., & Hayden, B. Y. (2018) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/328872 · Cited by 2
“…to underpin working memory (Brody et al., 2003; Chaudhuri and Fiete, 2016; Compte et al., 2000; Kopec et al., 2015; Wimmer et al., 2014), motor control (Li et al., 2016), decision-making (Machens et al., 2005; Wang, 2002, 2008), and executive control (Ardid and Wang, 2013; Rougier et al., 2005).”
BackgroundOn Rhythms in Neuronal Networks with Recurrent Excitation
Börgers, C., Takeuchi, R. M., & Rosebrock, D. (2018) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco_a_01034 · Cited by 2
Task Engagement Enhances Population Encoding of Stimulus Meaning in Primary Auditory Cortex
Bagur, S., Averseng, M., Elgueda, D., David, S., Fritz, J., Yin, P.-B., Shamma, S., Boubenec, Y., & Ostojic, S. (2017) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/240556 · Cited by 2
Gămănuţ, R., Kennedy, H., Toroczkai, Z., van Essen, D., Knoblauch, K., & Burkhalter, A. (2017) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/156976 · Cited by 2
“, 2007), motor (Li et al., 2016) and cognitive (Carandini and Churchland, 2013; Kim et al.”
BackgroundMethodReady, Steady, Go! Imaging Cortical Activity during Movement Planning and Execution
Banerjee, A., & Long, M. A. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.002 · Cited by 2
“Further, single neuronswithin ALM exhibit robust activity that can predict the direction of upcoming movement long before its initiation (Li et al., 2015, 2016).”
BackgroundNeural correlates of perceptual decision-making in the primary somatosensory cortex
Armstrong, A. G., & Vlasov, Y. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2514107123 · Cited by 1
Reciprocal connections dynamically build consensus between neocortical areas
Javadzadeh, M., Schimel, M., Hofer, S. B., Ahmadian, Y., & Hennequin, G. (2026) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02437-3 · Cited by 6
“More broadly, beyond visual networks, sustained cortical activity in decision-making or motor planning has also been shown to rely on multi-area interactions 31,32 .”
Open source laser-scanning photostimulation for neuroscience with Zapit
Lohse, M., Gauld, O. M., Quigley, M. T., Masood, A., Bao, C.-F., Li, J.-J., Miska, N. J., Nabbefeld, G., Pajot-Moric, Q., Townsend, S., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.02.12.579892 · Cited by 1
“Together, these behavioral experiments demonstrate that Zapit enables precise and inter-pretable causal mapping of cortical contributions to behavior.”
Tuft Dendrite Spikes Are Accompanied by Selective Input From Distinct Functional Networks
Gable, J., Newman, Z. L., Young, S., Scheib, J., Bliese, S., Miller, N., & Kerlin, A. (2026) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0974-26.2026
“S5 B ; Methods; Li et al., 2016; Inagaki et al., 2022a) that best distinguished the onset of the GO cue (GO Mode), the lick direction (Response Direction), or the task-outcome (Outcome Direction).”
Peng, Y., Okur, O., Lindersson, C., Tinelli, S., Stedehouder, J., Shah, R. S., Lak, A., Stagg, C. J., & Sharott, A. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.11.04.621878 · Cited by 2
A thalamus–brainstem attractor network drives history-biased decisions
Zhao, S., Shan, H., Liu, X., Qian, Y., Huang, J., Liu, Y., Jiao, Z., Ye, L., Cong, L., Wang, X., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10623-3 · Cited by 3
Inherent coupling of perceptual judgments to actions in the mouse cortex
Sokoletsky, M., Nikitina, A. A., Waychal, K., Katz, Y., & Lampl, I. (2026) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.10.30.685660 · Cited by 1
Wong, P.-L., Yang, Y.-R., Hung, C.-W., Yeh, N.-C., Cheng, S.-J., & Wang, R.-Y. (2026) · Journal of Movement Disorders · doi:10.14802/jmd.25346 · Cited by 1
“12 The SMA contributes to internally guided sequences and anticipatory postural adjustments—both of which are critical for stepping over obstacles.”
gPC-based robustness analysis of neural systems through probabilistic recurrence metrics
Sutulovic, U., Proverbio, D., Katz, R., & Giordano, G. (2026) · Chaos, Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2026.117949 · Cited by 1
“In particular, systems in neuroscience can robustly preserve complex signalling patterns, often called regimes , both at the single neuron level and at the neural population level [5, 6, 7, 8, 9], despite being subject to environmental disturbances and intrinsic uncertainties [10, 11].”
Cortex-wide circuits for multisensory evidence accumulation and choice formationPreprint
Nabbefeld, G., Rachid, S. A., Lenzi, I., Cravo, E., Musall, S., & Kampa, B. M. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.23.696238 · Cited by 2
“This is likely due to its strong inter-hemispheric and corticothalamic feedback loops that promote the formation of side-specific choice signals over longer timescales 39,67–69 .”
Task-similarity dependent reconfiguration of compositional modules and geometry in frontal cortexPreprint
Chen, X., Yao, X., Yin, X., & Guo, Z. V. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.06.687080 · Cited by 1
Mapping neural subspace dynamics onto the structure of the mouse descending motor systemPreprint
Hasnain, M. A., Han, Y., & Economo, M. N. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.682917 · Cited by 3
Neural Correlates of Perceptual Decision Making in Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Armstrong, A. G., & Vlasov, Y. D. (2025) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.03.29.646003 · Cited by 1
Anterior olfactory nucleus mediates parallel inter-bulbar pathways in rodents
Wang, L., Li, A.-A., Jin, S., Liu, Y., Yu, F., Haddad, R., Jia, F., Su, P., Guo, J., Zhang, Z.-J., et al. (2025) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-025-02353-1 · Cited by 1
“Interhemispheric communication is critical across species for a wide range of functions, including stereosensory perception [1], figure-ground segregation [2], motor planning and execution [3, 4], emotional and reward-related processing [5], and memory encoding and retrieval [6].”
Robustness of Working Memory to Prefrontal Cortex Microstimulation
Soldado-Magraner, J., Minai, Y., Yu, B. M., & Smith, M. A. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2197-24.2025 · Cited by 3
“First, attractor networks can be instantiated by recurrent dynamics supported by speci fi c patterns of network connectivity (Compte et al., 2000; Li et al., 2016; Murray et al., 2017; Inagaki et al., 2019; Parthasarathy et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2023; Stroud et al., 2024).”
InfluentialZheng, C., Wang, Q., & Cui, H. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-58421-1 · Cited by 2
“Preparatory activity in premotor cortex remains resilient under unilateral silencing, likely due to corrective input from the opposite hemisphere 53 .”
One Nose but Two Nostrils: Learning to Align with Sparse Connections between Two Olfactory Cortices
Liu, B., Qin, S., Murthy, V. N., & Tu, Y. (2024) · PRX Life · doi:10.1103/prxlife.2.043016 · Cited by 4
“In another intriguing example, interhemispheric projections in a brain region called the anterior lateral motor cortex has been shown to play a role in working memory by helping restore population activity when perturbed [53,54].”
Cue-specific neuronal ensembles span intermittent rate coding of working memoryPreprint
Panichello, M. F., Jonikaitis, D., Oh, Y. J., Zhu, S., Trepka, E. B., & Moore, T. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.06.561121 · Cited by 2
“…to exhibit memory-delay activity, e.g., parietal cortex (Snyder et al., 1997), and on broader spatial scales, including the possible propagation of on states across the cortical surface (Shi et al., 2022) or distributed representations supporting memory (Li et al., 2016; Schmitt et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMouse frontal cortex nonlinearly encodes sensory, choice and outcome signals
Wool, L. E., Lak, A., Carandini, M., & Harris, K. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.05.11.539851 · Cited by 1
“This finding differs from previous findings in memory tasks, in which delayperiod activity correlates better with upcoming movement than sensory stimuli (Erlich et al., 2011; Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialXu, Q., Xi, Y., Du, Z.-Y., Wang, L.-C., Ruan, T., Xu, M., Cao, J., Yang, B., & Liu, J.-Q. (2023) · IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS · doi:10.1109/mems49605.2023.10052245 · Cited by 1
“used optoelectronic integrated devices to reveal the relationship between preparatory activity and large-scale unilateral silencing in the mouse premotor cortex [2].”
MethodRewiring Dynamics of Functional Connectome in Motor Cortex during Motor Skill LearningPreprint
Meamardoost, S., Hwang, E., Bhattacharya, M., Ren, C., Wang, L.-B., Mewes, C., Zhang, Y., Komiyama, T., & Gunawan, R. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.07.12.499746 · Cited by 1
“…learning for integrating sensory information, establishing a motor plan, and executing movements (li and Waters, 1991; Pronichev and Lenkov, 1998; Ferezou et al., 2007; Tennant et al., 2011; Guo et al., 2015; Li et al., 2016; Makino et al., 2016; Hwang et al., 2019a, 2019b; Sauerbrei et al., 2020).”
BackgroundFast-spiking interneurons of the premotor cortex contribute to action planning
Giordano, N., Alia, C., Fruzzetti, L., Pasquini, M., Mazzoni, A., Micera, S., Fogassi, L., Bonini, L., & Caleo, M. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.14.443822 · Cited by 1
Dixon, T. C., Merrick, C., Wallis, J., Ivry, R., & Carmena, J. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.09.23.310664 · Cited by 1
“They later showed that bilaterally distributed networks provide robustness to unilateral perturbation during preparation and hypothesized that the two hemispheres operate together to maintain the network state (Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSimilar visual perception in GCaMP6 transgenic mice despite differences in learning and motivationPreprint
Groblewski, P. A., Ollerenshaw, D. R., Kiggins, J. T., Garrett, M., Mochizuki, C., Casal, L., Cross, S., Mace, K. D., Swapp, J., Manavi, S., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.954990 · Cited by 1
“…and cognitive systems (Chen et al., 2013; Glickfeld et al., 2013; Goard et al., 2016; Z. Guo et al., 2014; Harvey et al., 2012; Huber et al., 2012; Li et al., 2016; O’Connor et al., 2013; Peron et al., 2015; Petreanu et al., 2012; Pinto et al., 2013; Poort et al., 2015; Resulaj et al., 2018).”
Independent representations of reward-predicting cues and reward history in frontal cortical neurons
Kondo, M., & Matsuzaki, M. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.01.23.916460 · Cited by 1
Lin, Q., Helmreich, M., Schlumm, F., Li, J. M., Robson, D., Engert, F., Schier, A., Nöbauer, T., & Vaziri, A. (2019) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/833889 · Cited by 1
“Thus, given our above observations on the pre-motor decision-dependent dPCs of the cerebellum and ARTR, we hypothesize that they may represent preparatory neuroactivity for motor response, similar to what has been reported in the cortex (Churchland et al., 2012; Gao et al., 2018; Li et al., 2016).”
BackgroundResultConvergence of unisensory-evoked signals via multiple pathways to the cerebellum
Shimuta, M., Sugihara, I., & Ishikawa, T. (2019) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/769000 · Cited by 1
“Optogenetic analysis of the neural pathways We adopted an optogenetic method in which photostimulation of GABAergic neurons expressing ChR2 can suppress the activity of specific areas of the neocortex (Guo et al., 2014; Li et al., 2015, 2016).”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, N., Daie, K., Svoboda, K., & Druckmann, S.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Svoboda, Karel
- Druckmann, Shaul
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2016-04-13
- Volume
- 532
- Issue
- 7600
- Pages
- 459-464
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC5081260
- OpenAlex
- W2336155947
- Cited by
- 492
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 13
- FWCI
- 27.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2016-06-29)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- premotor cortex, motor planning, preparatory activity, network robustness, interhemispheric connectivity, network redundancy, working memory, optogenetic perturbation, mouse cortex, network models
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Corpus Callosum, Female, Light, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Models, Neurological, Motor Cortex, Movement, Neurons, Mice, Executive Function, Optogenetics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
