Cited by 209Origins and Evolution of LifePaleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeological and Geochemical Analysis

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Early trace of life from 3.95 Ga sedimentary rocks in Labrador, Canada

Tashiro, Takayuki, Ishida, Akizumi, Hori, Masako, Igisu, Motoko, Koike, Mizuho, Méjean, Pauline, Takahata, Naoto, Sano, Yuji, Komiya, Tsuyoshi·2017·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature24019

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Abstract

The vestiges of life in Eoarchean rocks have the potential to elucidate the origin of life. However, gathering evidence from many terrains is not always possible, and biogenic graphite has thus far been found only in the 3.7-3.8 Ga (gigayears ago) Isua supracrustal belt. Here we present the total organic carbon contents and carbon isotope values of graphite (δ 13 C org) and carbonate (δ 13 C carb) in the oldest metasedimentary rocks from northern Labrador. Some pelitic rocks have low δ 13 C org values of -28.2, comparable to the lowest value in younger rocks. The consistency between crystallization temperatures of the graphite and metamorphic temperature of the host rocks establishes that the graphite does not originate from later contamination. A clear correlation between the δ 13 C org values and metamorphic grade indicates that variations in the δ 13 C org values are due to metamorphism, and that the pre-metamorphic value was lower than the minimum value. We concluded that the large fractionation between the δ 13 C carb and δ 13 C org values, up to 25‰, indicates the oldest evidence of organisms greater than 3.95 Ga. The discovery of the biogenic graphite enables geochemical study of the biogenic materials themselves, and will provide insight into early life not only on Earth but also on other planets.

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Authors: Tashiro, T., Ishida, A., Hori, M., Igisu, M., Koike, M., Méjean, P., Takahata, N., Sano, Y., & Komiya, T.
Affiliations: The University of Tokyo (JP)
Tohoku University (JP)
Osaka Kyoiku University (JP)
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JP)
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo (JP)
ORCID: Ishida, Akizumi
Hori, Masako
Igisu, Motoko
Koike, Mizuho
Méjean, Pauline
Takahata, Naoto
Sano, Yuji
Komiya, Tsuyoshi
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2017-09
Volume: 549
Issue: 7673
Pages: 516-518
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature24019
OpenAlex: W2760546791
Cited by: 207
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 4
FWCI: 14.81
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: University of Tokyo
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (17H00777, 15H05830, 15J40157, 26106005, 16J07403)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Keywords: early life, sedimentary rock, carbon isotopes, isotope fractionation, origin of life
MeSH terms: Origin of Life, Carbon Isotopes, Crystallization, Graphite, Newfoundland and Labrador, Temperature, Earth, Planet, Geologic Sediments, Life, History, Ancient

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Early trace of life from 3.95 Ga sedimentary rocks in Labrador, Canada

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