Circadian- and UPR-dependent control of CPEB4 mediates a translational response to counteract hepatic steatosis under ER stress
Abstract
The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding (CPEB) proteins regulate pre-mRNA processing and translation of CPE-containing mRNAs in early embryonic development and synaptic activity. However, specific functions in adult organisms are poorly understood. Here we show that CPEB4 is required for adaptation to high-fat-diet- and ageing-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and subsequent hepatosteatosis. Stress-activated liver CPEB4 expression is dual-mode regulated. First, Cpeb4 mRNA transcription is controlled by the circadian clock, and then its translation is regulated by the unfolded protein response (UPR) through upstream open reading frames within the 5'UTR. Thus, the CPEB4 protein is synthesized only following ER stress but the induction amplitude is circadian. In turn, CPEB4 activates a second wave of UPR translation required to maintain ER and mitochondrial homeostasis. Our results suggest that combined transcriptional and translational Cpeb4 regulation generates a 'circadian mediator', which coordinates hepatic UPR activity with periods of high ER-protein-folding demand. Accordingly, CPEB4 deficiency results in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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PNPLA3, CPEB4, and ASPG are linked to hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and/or fibrosis.
“PNPLA3, CPEB4, and ASPG, which are linked to hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and/or fibrosis33,39–41”
From Spatial transcriptomics of healthy and fibrotic human liver at single-cell resolution (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
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“Moderate ER generally regulates the expression of related genes through the corresponding transcription factors downstream of the three UPR pathways, thereby alleviating the stress caused by intracellular and extracellular pathological factors.(32) ER stress triggers the transcription of a long-chain non-coding RNA GO…”
BackgroundMechanisms underlying reduced weight gain in intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) null mice
Lackey, A. I., Chen, T., Zhou, Y. X., Arias, N. M. B., Doran, J. M., Zacharisen, S. M., Gajda, A. M., Jonsson, W. O., Córsico, B., Anthony, T. G., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00120.2019 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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Preservation of circadian rhythms by the protein folding chaperone, BiP
Pickard, A., Chang, J., Alachkar, N., Calverley, B. C., Garva, R., Arvan, P. R., Meng, Q., & Kadler, K. E. (2019) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201802366rr · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“It has been established that the response to ER stress is regulated in a circadian manner in cancer cells (13) and that activation ofUPR in cancer cells induces a 10h shift in circadian oscillation (14); however, it remains unknown how protein flux through the ER, and in turn ER stress, regulates circadian rhythm in n…”
BackgroundRestoration of CPEB4 prevents muscle stem cell senescence during aging
Zeng, W., Zhang, W., Tse, E. H. Y., Liu, J., Dong, A., Lam, K. S. W., Luan, S., Küng, W., Chan, T. C., & Cheung, T. H. (2023) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.012 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Recent advances in signal integration mechanisms in the unfolded protein response
Karagöz, G., Aragón, T., & Acosta-Alvear, D. (2019) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.19848.1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
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“The four family members (CPEB1 to CPEB4) competitively recognize the same CPE in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of target mRNAs (15).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationSubcellular delivery of lipid nanoparticles to endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria
Shi, Y., Luo, Z., & You, J. (2022) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.1803 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Unfolded Protein Response Sensors in Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Henkel, A. S. (2018) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1670677 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Macrophage inflammation resolution requires CPEB4-directed offsetting of mRNA degradation
Suñer, C., Sibilio, A., Martín, J., et al. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.75873 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Routine genotyping was performed by PCR. BMDMs were obtained from WT or myeloid-specific Mapk14 KO mice ( Mapk14 lox/lox Lyz2 Cre , referred to as p38 α MKO) ( Youssif et al., 2018 ) or full Cpeb4 KO mice ( Cpeb4 –/– ) ( Maillo et al., 2017 ).”
Self-citationRong, B., Wu, Q., Saeed, M., & Sun, C. (2021) · Animal nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.009 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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Antitumor T‐cell function requires CPEB4‐mediated adaptation to chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress
Fernández‐Alfara, M., Sibilio, A., Martín, J., Uxó, E. T., Malumbres, M., Alcalde, V., Chanes, V., Cañellas-Socias, A., Palomo‐Ponce, S., Batlle, E., et al. (2023) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2022111494 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationFoie gras and liver regeneration: a fat dilemma
Fazia, M. A. D., & Servillo, G. (2018) · Cell Stress · doi:10.15698/cst2018.07.144 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Roles of the Translation Initiation Factor eIF2α Phosphorylation in Cell Structure and Function
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“…bifunctional glutamate/proline-tRNA ligase (EPRS) (Young et al. , 2016), a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) regulatory subunit responsible for eIF2α dephosphorylation [GADD34 (PPP1R15A)] (Lee et al. , 2009), and other protective genes [IBTKα (Baird et al. , 2014) and CPEB4 (Maillo et al. , 2017)] (Fig.”
BackgroundPell, N., García‐Pras, E., Gallego, J. G., Naranjo‐Suarez, S., Balvey, A., Suñer, C., Fernández‐Alfara, M., Chanes, V., Carbo, J., Ramírez-Pedraza, M., et al. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101388 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Accordingly, CPEB4 depletion in this setting is detrimental [10].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationControl of immediate early gene expression by CPEB4-repressor complex-mediated mRNA degradation
Poetz, F., Lebedeva, S., Schott, J., Lindner, D., Ohler, U., & Stoecklin, G. (2022) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-022-02760-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“so far, CPEB4 maintains poly(A) tail length and enhances the translation of individual mRNAs [40, 41, 44].”
BackgroundMethodInsights into the molecular mechanisms of malnutrition‐associated steatohepatitis: A review
Sharma, V., & Patial, V. (2024) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.15932 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Clock-dependent chromatin accessibility rhythms regulate circadian transcription
Yuan, Y., Chen, Q., Brovkina, M. V., Clowney, E. J., & Yadlapalli, S. (2024) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011278 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“These findings align with prior studies and emphasize the cyclical regulation of processes like alternative splicing and the unfolded protein response over the circadian cycle [39,40].”
BackgroundResultHe, Z., Liu, Q., Wang, Y., Zhao, B., Zhang, L., Yang, X. V., & Wang, Z. (2025) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.19192 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Moreover, UPR activates the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, accelerating the recognition and degradation of misfolded proteins to prevent their accumulation within the ER ( Maillo et al., 2017 ).”
Recent Advances in Practical Methods for Liver Cell Biology: A Short Overview
Torres, S., Abdullah, Z., Brol, M. J., Hellerbrand, C., Fernández, M., Fiorotto, R., Klein, S., Königshofer, P., Liedtke, C., Lotersztajn, S., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21062027 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Gene expression inhibition studies employing in vivo loss-of-function models have shown that post-transcriptional mechanisms, regulated by cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding proteins (CPEB), are essential for pathological angiogenesis in chronic liver disease, but dispensable for homeostasis of healthy vessel…”
BackgroundCircadian Clock's Cancer Connections
Walton, Z. E., Altman, B. J., Brooks, R. C., & Dang, C. V. (2017) · Annual Review of Cancer Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030617-050216 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Intriguingly, the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 4 (CPEB4), which binds to target 3′UTRs, was found to be diurnally regulated by REV-ERBα and is essential for circadian response to physiological UPR during periods of high protein folding demand (Maillo et al. 2017).”
BackgroundTseng, C.-S., Chao, H., Huang, H., & Huang, Y. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.100 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A temporal hierarchy underpins the transcription factor–DNA interactome of the maize UPR
Ko, D. K., & Brandizzí, F. (2020) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/tpj.15044 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Also, ER stress responses have been shown to be influenced by the circadian clock in mammalian cells (Maillo et al., 2017, Bu et al., 2018, Pickard et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSibilio, A., Suñer, C., Fernández‐Alfara, M., Martín, J., Berenguer, A., Calon, A., Chanes, V., Millanes‐Romero, A., Fernández‐Miranda, G., Batlle, E., et al. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.103790 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“CPEB4mediates translational response to counteract chronic liver disease under ER-stress (Maillo et al., 2017) and regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) translation, multifaceted inflammatory cytokine (Calderone et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationKan, H., Chang, C.-H., Chang, Y., Ko, Y.-T., & Hsieh, Y. (2021) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/s41374-021-00630-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“CPEB is synthesized following ER stress due to fatty-liver-related inflammation [44] and is responsible for pain development [38].”
BackgroundThe RNA-binding protein Cpeb4 is a novel positive regulator of osteoclast differentiation
Arasaki, Y., Li, M., Akiya, T., Nozawa, I., Ezura, Y., & Hayata, T. (2020) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.089 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Self-citationRNA-binding proteins in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD): From mechanism to therapy
Xu, J., Liu, X., Shu-qin, W., Zhang, D., Liu, X., Xia, P., Ling, J., Zheng, K., Xu, M., Shen, Y., et al. (2023) · BioScience Trends · doi:10.5582/bst.2022.01473 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Translational Control in Liver Disease
Balvey, A., & Fernández, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.795298 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Emerging roles of RNA‐binding proteins in fatty liver disease
Adesanya, O. A., Das, D., & Kalsotra, A. (2024) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews - RNA · doi:10.1002/wrna.1840 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“For instance, CPEB4 is not only required for adaptation to high-fat-diet and aging-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress but is also transcriptionally regulated by the circadian rhythm, and its deficiency results in MAFLD (Maillo et al., 2017).”
BackgroundCytoplasmic regulation of the poly(A) tail length as a potential therapeutic target
Fernández, M., & Mendez, R. (2025) · RNA · doi:10.1261/rna.080333.124 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Unlike the response triggered by eIF2 α phosphorylation, the CPEB4-mediated response can be sustained over long periods without harmful effects on the cell (Maillo et al. 2017).”
InfluentialLloyd, M., Prakash, B. A., Zhao, L., Ni, G., Ru, Y., & Vasudevan, S. R. (2025) · Current Opinion in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100836 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
CPEB4 links the clock and the UPR to protect the liver
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CPEB4–CLOCK crosstalk during temporal lobe epilepsy
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Crosstalk Between Angiogenesis and Fibrogenesis in Liver Disease
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Rheb Promotes Triglyceride Secretion and Ameliorates Diet-Induced Steatosis in the Liver
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Posttranscriptional reprogramming controls MASLD progression through chronic ER stress adaptation
Belloc, E., Calderone, V., Suárez, S. N., Mateo, L., Martín, J., Malizia, F., Sibilio, A., Chanes, V., Ramírez-Pedraza, M., Delgado, M. E., et al. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aea4125 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The disruption of CPEB4-dependent mechanisms has been shown to impair liver homeostasis under metabolic stress ( 14 , 29 ), suggesting that its loss might exacerbate MASLD-associated tumorigenesis.”
InfluentialSelf-citationSorafenib-associated translation reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
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“(ii) Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 4 (CPEB4) is also encoded by an uORF-containing gene; thus, its induction is also subjected to regulation by eIF2α phosphorylation [33].”
mTOR signaling contributes to system-driven rhythmic gene expression in mouse liver
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“The most obtrusive differences in the CPE usage have been described under conditions of stress [103].”
BackgroundmiR-363-5p regulates liver disease via the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway by targeting CPEB2 in chicken
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“Studies have demonstrated that ER stress is regulated in a circadian manner as other physiological processes like the daily oscillation of metabolism and hormonal rhythm [37].”
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Pathological Angiogenesis: The New Culprit behind Chronic Liver Disease
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- Authors
- Maillo, C., Martín, J., Sebastián, D., Hernández-Alvarez, M., García-Rocha, M., Reina, O., Zorzano, A., Fernandez, M., & Méndez, R.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (ES)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Méndez, Raúl
- Venue
- Nature Cell Biology
- Published
- 2017-01-16
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 94-105
- ISSN
- 1465-7392 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4679
- OpenAlex
- W2574341388
- Semantic Scholar
- 6447cdd271c92afb9e3cfd99a11e61271d716df2
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 4.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Keywords
- CPEB4, cytoplasmic polyadenylation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, circadian clock, hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, translational regulation, upstream open reading frames, 5' untranslated region, mitochondrial homeostasis, aging, high-fat diet, hepatocytes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Fatty Liver, Gene Expression Regulation, Homeostasis, RNA Precursors, Transcription, Genetic, Protein Biosynthesis, RNA-Binding Proteins, Mice, Unfolded Protein Response, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
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