Cited by 303Planetary Science and ExplorationAstro and Planetary ScienceGeology and Paleoclimatology Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 85 of the 86 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Warming early Mars with CO2 and H2

Open access

Ramirez, Ramses M., Kopparapu, Ravi, Zugger, Michael E., Robinson, Tyler D., Freedman, Richard, Kasting, James F.·2014·Nature Geoscience

DOI 10.1038/ngeo2000

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/ngeo2000

Cites

85 of 85 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables
Chase, M. W. (1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,312
A negative feedback mechanism for the long‐term stabilization of Earth's surface temperature
Walker, J. C. G., Hays, P. B., & Kasting, J. F. (1981) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/jc086ic10p09776 · Cited by 2,310
Self-citation
The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans
Holland, H. D. (1984) · doi:10.1515/9780691220239 · Cited by 1,836
HABITABLE ZONES AROUND MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS: NEW ESTIMATES
Kopparapu, R. K., Ramirez, R., Kasting, J. F., Eymet, V., Robinson, T. D., Mahadevan, S., Terrien, R. C., Domagal-Goldman, S., Meadows, V., & Deshpande, R. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/765/2/131 · Cited by 1,615
Self-citation
The Refractive Index of Air
Edlén, B. (1966) · Metrologia · doi:10.1088/0026-1394/2/2/002 · Cited by 1,263
Rapid calculation of radiative heating rates and photodissociation rates in inhomogeneous multiple scattering atmospheres
Toon, O. B., Mckay, C., Ackerman, T., & Santhanam, K. (1989) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/jd094id13p16287 · Cited by 888
Evolution of the Solar Activity over Time and Effects on Planetary Atmospheres. I. High‐Energy Irradiances (1–1700 A)
Ribas, I., Guinan, E. F., Güdel, M., & Audard, M. (2005) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/427977 · Cited by 871
Solar interior structure and luminosity variations
Gough, D. O. (1981) · Solar Physics · doi:10.1007/bf00151270 · Cited by 798
Rayleigh-scattering calculations for the terrestrial atmosphere
Bucholtz, A. (1995) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.34.002765 · Cited by 743
A new dynamic approach for statistical optimization of GNSS radio occultation bending angles for optimal climate monitoring utility
Li, Y., Kirchengast, G., Scherllin‐Pirscher, B., Wu, S., Schwaerz, M., Fritzer, J., Zhang, S., Carter, B. A., & Zhang, K. F. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/2013jd020763 · Cited by 684

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 86 references

1 of the 86 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Kite, E., Williams, J-P., Lucis, A. & Aharonson, O. Constraints on early Mars atmospheric pressure from small ancient craters. American Geophysical Union Conf. http://gps.caltech.edu/~kite/doc/Kite_et_al_AGU_2012.pdf (2012).
Walker, J. C. G. Evolution of the Atmosphere (Macmillan, 1977).

Sorted by citations

The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) Mission
JAKOSKY, B. M., Lin, R. P., Grebowsky, J. M., LUHMANN, J. G., Mitchell, D. F., Beutelschies, G., Priser, T., Acuña, M. H., Andersson, L., Baird, D. T., et al. (2015) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-015-0139-x · Cited by 816
Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life
Schwieterman, E. W., Kiang, N. Y., Parenteau, M. N., Harman, C. E., DasSarma, S., Fisher, T. M., Arney, G. N., Hartnett, H. E., Reinhard, C. T., Olson, S. L., et al. (2018) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1729 · Cited by 630
Exoplanet Biosignatures: A Review of Remotely Detectable Signs of Life
Schwieterman, E. W., Kiang, N. Y.-L., Parenteau, M. N., Harman, C. E., DasSarma, S., Fisher, T. M., Arney, G., Hartnett, H. E., Reinhard, C. T., Olson, S. L., et al. (2017) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 452
The Climate of Early Mars
Wordsworth, R. D. (2016) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012355 · Cited by 416
“In a thought-provoking paper, Ramirez et al. (2014) proposed www.annualreviews.org • The Climate of Early Mars 9 that CO2-H2 absorption could have caused warming on early Mars in a similar fashion, perhaps sufficiently to put the climate into a warm and wet state.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Was Venus the first habitable world of our solar system?
Way, M. J., C, A. D. D. G., Kiang, N. Y.-L., Sohl, L. E., Grinspoon, D. H., Aleinov, I., Kelley, M., & Clune, T. (2016) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2016gl069790 · Cited by 342
The Pale Orange Dot: The Spectrum and Habitability of Hazy Archean Earth
Arney, G., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Meadows, V. S., Wolf, E. T., Schwieterman, E., Charnay, B., Claire, M., Hébrard, E., & Trainer, M. G. (2016) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1422 · Cited by 327
“The version we use here is based directly on that used by Kopparapu et al. (2013).”
Influential
Transient reducing greenhouse warming on early Mars
Wordsworth, R., Kalugina, Y. N., Lokshtanov, S. E., Vigasin, A. A., Ehlmann, B. L., Head, J. W., III, Sanders, C., & Wang, H. (2017) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2016gl071766 · Cited by 278
Impact of space weather on climate and habitability of terrestrial-type exoplanets
Airapetian, V. S., Barnes, R., Cohen, O., Collinson, G. A., Danchi, W. C., Dong, C., C, A. D. D. G., France, K., Garcia-Sage, K., Glocer, A., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550419000132 · Cited by 288
Self-citation
How to Characterize Habitable Worlds and Signs of Life
Kaltenegger, L. (2017) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122238 · Cited by 258
Comparison of “warm and wet” and “cold and icy” scenarios for early Mars in a 3‐D climate model
Wordsworth, R. D., Kerber, L., Pierrehumbert, R. T., Forget, F., & Head, J. W. (2015) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets · doi:10.1002/2015je004787 · Cited by 222
Origin and evolution of the atmospheres of early Venus, Earth and Mars
Lammer, H., Zerkle, A. L., Gebauer, S., Tosi, N., Noack, L., Scherf, M., Pilat-Lohinger, E., Güdel, M., Grenfell, J. L., Godolt, M., et al. (2018) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-018-0108-y · Cited by 202
Venusian Habitable Climate Scenarios: Modeling Venus Through Time and Applications to Slowly Rotating Venus‐Like Exoplanets
Way, M. J., & C, A. D. D. G. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2019je006276 · Cited by 199
The geological and climatological case for a warmer and wetter early Mars
Ramirez, R. M., & Craddock, R. A. (2018) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0093-9 · Cited by 183
Self-citation
Orbital evidence for more widespread carbonate-bearing rocks on Mars
Wray, J. J., Murchie, S. L., Bishop, J. L., Ehlmann, B. L., Milliken, R. E., Wilhelm, M. B., Seelos, K. D., & Chojnacki, M. (2016) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets · doi:10.1002/2015je004972 · Cited by 161
Geologic Constraints on Early Mars Climate
Kite, E. S. (2019) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-018-0575-5 · Cited by 168
A coupled model of episodic warming, oxidation and geochemical transitions on early Mars
Wordsworth, R., Knoll, A. H., Hurowitz, J., Baum, M., Ehlmann, B. L., Head, J. W., III, & Steakley, K. (2021) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00701-8 · Cited by 154
Elevated atmospheric escape of atomic hydrogen from Mars induced by high-altitude water
Chaffin, M. S., Deighan, J., Schneider, N. M., & Stewart, A. I. F. (2017) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2887 · Cited by 144
Evolution of atmospheric xenon and other noble gases inferred from Archean to Paleoproterozoic rocks
Avice, G., Marty, B., Burgess, R., Hofmann, A., Philippot, P., Zahnle, K., & Zakharov, D. (2018) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.04.018 · Cited by 136
The sustainability of habitability on terrestrial planets: Insights, questions, and needed measurements from Mars for understanding the evolution of Earth‐like worlds
Ehlmann, B. L., Anderson, F. S., Andrews‐Hanna, J. C., Catling, D. C., Christensen, P. R., Cohen, B. A., Dressing, C. D., Edwards, C. S., Elkins-Tanton, L. T., Farley, K. A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1002/2016je005134 · Cited by 140
Self-citation
Resolving Orbital and Climate Keys of Earth and Extraterrestrial Environments with Dynamics (ROCKE-3D) 1.0: A General Circulation Model for Simulating the Climates of Rocky Planets
Way, M. J., Aleinov, I., Amundsen, D. S., Chandler, M. A., Clune, T. L., C, A. D. D. G., Fujii, Y., Kelley, M., Kiang, N. Y.-L., Sohl, L. E., et al. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aa7a06 · Cited by 127
Low palaeopressure of the martian atmosphere estimated from the size distribution of ancient craters
Kite, E. S., Williams, J.-P., Lucas, A., & Aharonson, O. (2014) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo2137 · Cited by 123
The Martian atmospheric ion escape rate dependence on solar wind and solar EUV conditions: 1. Seven years of Mars Express observations
Ramstad, R., Barabash, S., Futaana, Y., Nilsson, H., Wang, X., & Holmström, M. (2015) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1002/2015je004816 · Cited by 120
Recent advances in collisional effects on spectra of molecular gases and their practical consequences
Hartmann, J., Tran, H., Armante, R., Boulet, C., Campargue, A., Forget, F., Gianfrani, L., Gordon, I. E., Guerlet, S., Gustafsson, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.03.016 · Cited by 117
The Pale Orange Dot: The Spectrum and Habitability of Hazy Archean Earth
Arney, G., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Meadows, V., Wolf, E. T., Schwieterman, E. W., Charnay, B., Claire, M. W., Hébrard, É., & Trainer, M. G. (2025) · Figshare · Cited by 117
A Volcanic Hydrogen Habitable Zone
Ramirez, R. M., & Kaltenegger, L. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa60c8 · Cited by 114
Self-citation
A magma ocean origin to divergent redox evolutions of rocky planetary bodies and early atmospheres
Deng, J., Du, Z., Karki, B. B., Ghosh, D. B., & Lee, K. K. M. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15757-0 · Cited by 109
Redox Evolution via Gravitational Differentiation on Low-mass Planets: Implications for Abiotic Oxygen, Water Loss, and Habitability
Wordsworth, R., Schaefer, L., & Fischer, R. A. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aab608 · Cited by 121
Inventory of CO2 available for terraforming Mars
JAKOSKY, B. M., & Edwards, C. S. (2018) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0529-6 · Cited by 104
Methane on Mars and Habitability: Challenges and Responses
Yung, Y. L., Chen, P., Nealson, K. H., Atreya, S. K., Beckett, P., Blank, J. G., Ehlmann, B. L., Eiler, J. M., Etiope, G., Ferry, J. G., et al. (2018) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1917 · Cited by 111
Atmospheric Escape from Solar System Terrestrial Planets and Exoplanets
Tian, F. (2015) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-054834 · Cited by 98
First Detections of Dichlorobenzene Isomers and Trichloromethylpropane from Organic Matter Indigenous to Mars Mudstone in Gale Crater, Mars: Results from the Sample Analysis at Mars Instrument Onboard the Curiosity Rover
Szopa, C., Freissinet, C., GLAVIN, D. P., Millan, M., Buch, A., Franz, H. B., Summons, R. E., Sumner, D. Y., Sutter, B., Eigenbrode, J. L., et al. (2019) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2018.1908 · Cited by 97
Magnetite authigenesis and the warming of early Mars
Tosca, N. J., Ahmed, I. A. M., Tutolo, B. M., Ashpitel, A., & Hurowitz, J. A. (2018) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0203-8 · Cited by 106
Mantle redox state drives outgassing chemistry and atmospheric composition of rocky planets
Ortenzi, G., Noack, L., Sohl, F., Guimond, C. M., Grenfell, J. L., Dorn, C., Schmidt, J. M., Vulpius, S., Katyal, N., Kitzmann, D., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67751-7 · Cited by 96
Do Intrinsic Magnetic Fields Protect Planetary Atmospheres from Stellar Winds?
Ramstad, R., & Barabash, S. (2021) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-021-00791-1 · Cited by 90
The physics of Martian weather and climate: a review
Read, P. L., Lewis, S. R., Jr., & Mulholland, D. P. (2015) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/78/12/125901 · Cited by 96
The Coevolution of Life and Environment on Mars: An Ecosystem Perspective on the Robotic Exploration of Biosignatures
Cabrol, N. A. (2017) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1756 · Cited by 88
A More Comprehensive Habitable Zone for Finding Life on Other Planets
Ramirez, R. M. (2018) · Geosciences · doi:10.3390/geosciences8080280 · Cited by 92
Self-citation
Paleohydrology of Eberswalde crater, Mars
Irwin, R. P., Lewis, K. W., Howard, A. D., & Grant, J. A. (2014) · Geomorphology · doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.10.012 · Cited by 79
Carbon monoxide as a metabolic energy source for extremely halophilic microbes: Implications for microbial activity in Mars regolith
King, G. M. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1424989112 · Cited by 76
A warmer and wetter solution for early Mars and the challenges with transient warming
Ramirez, R. M. (2017) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.06.025 · Cited by 79
Self-citation
Low Hesperian P CO2 constrained from in situ mineralogical analysis at Gale Crater, Mars
Bristow, T. F., Haberle, R. M., Blake, D. F., Marais, D. J. D., Eigenbrode, J. L., Fairén, A. G., Grotzinger, J. P., Stack, K. M., Mischna, M. A., Rampe, E. B., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1616649114 · Cited by 81
Hydrogen generation from serpentinization of iron-rich olivine on Mars, icy moons, and other planetary bodies
McCollom, T. M., Klein, F., & Ramba, M. (2021) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114754 · Cited by 77
An overview of explosive volcanism on Mars
Brož, P., Bernhardt, H., Conway, S. J., & Parekh, R. A. (2020) · Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research · doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107125 · Cited by 71
A lower limit of atmospheric pressure on early Mars inferred from nitrogen and argon isotopic compositions
Kurokawa, H., Kurosawa, K., & Usui, T. (2017) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.020 · Cited by 71
Testing the early Mars H2–CO2 greenhouse hypothesis with a 1-D photochemical model
Batalha, N. E., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Ramirez, R. M., & Kasting, J. F. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.06.016 · Cited by 69
Self-citation
Climate Simulations of Early Mars With Estimated Precipitation, Runoff, and Erosion Rates
Ramirez, R. M., Craddock, R. A., & Usui, T. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2019je006160 · Cited by 66
Self-citation
Semiarid climate and hyposaline lake on early Mars inferred from reconstructed water chemistry at Gale
Fukushi, K., Sekine, Y., Sakuma, H., Morida, K., & Wordsworth, R. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12871-6 · Cited by 68
Synthesis and structural characterization of ferrous trioctahedral smectites: Implications for clay mineral genesis and detectability on Mars
Chemtob, S. M., Nickerson, R. D., Morris, R. V., Agresti, D. G., & Catalano, J. G. (2015) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1002/2014je004763 · Cited by 71
Statistical Study of Heavy Ion Outflows From Mars Observed in the Martian‐Induced Magnetotail by MAVEN
Inui, S., Seki, K., Sakai, S., Brain, D. A., Hara, T., McFadden, J. P., Halekas, J. S., Mitchell, D. L., DiBraccio, G. A., & JAKOSKY, B. M. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics · doi:10.1029/2018ja026452 · Cited by 63
Sulfur in the early martian atmosphere revisited: Experiments with a 3-D Global Climate Model
Kerber, L., Forget, F., & Wordsworth, R. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.011 · Cited by 61
Geological evidence for multiple climate transitions on Early Mars
Kite, E. S., & Conway, S. J. (2024) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-023-01349-2 · Cited by 65
Nitrate-Dependent Iron Oxidation: A Potential Mars Metabolism
Price, A., Pearson, V. K., Schwenzer, S. P., Miot, J., & Olsson‐Francis, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00513 · Cited by 63
Carbonates identified by the Curiosity rover indicate a carbon cycle operated on ancient Mars.
Tutolo, B., Hausrath, E., Kite, E., Rampe, E., Bristow, T., Downs, R., Treiman, A., Peretyazhko, T., Thorpe, M. T., Grotzinger, J., et al. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.ado9966 · Cited by 58
HABITABLE ZONES OF POST-MAIN SEQUENCE STARS
Ramirez, R. M., & Kaltenegger, L. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/823/1/6 · Cited by 61
Self-citation
A Methane Extension to the Classical Habitable Zone
Ramirez, R. M., & Kaltenegger, L. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab8fa · Cited by 60
Self-citation
Measurements and semi-empirical calculations of CO2 + CH4 and CO2 + H2 collision-induced absorption across a wide range of wavelengths and temperatures. Application for the prediction of early Mars surface temperature
Turbet, M., Boulet, C., & Karman, T. (2020) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113762 · Cited by 62
Can Increased Atmospheric CO 2 Levels Trigger a Runaway Greenhouse?
Ramirez, R. M., Kopparapu, R., Lindner, V., & Kasting, J. F. (2014) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1153 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Sulfur on Mars from the Atmosphere to the Core
Franz, H. B., King, P. L., & Gaillard, F. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804191-8.00006-4 · Cited by 59
Climate cycling on early Mars caused by the carbonate–silicate cycle
Batalha, N. E., Kopparapu, R., Haqq-Misra, J. D., & Kasting, J. F. (2016) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.08.044 · Cited by 55
Self-citation
CHARACTERIZING THE PURPLE EARTH: MODELING THE GLOBALLY INTEGRATED SPECTRAL VARIABILITY OF THE ARCHEAN EARTH
Sanromá, E., Pallé, E., Parenteau, M. N., Kiang, N. Y.-L., Gutiérrez-Navarro, A. M., López, R. L., & Montañés-Rodríguez, P. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/780/1/52 · Cited by 54
Carbon contents in reduced basalts at graphite saturation: Implications for the degassing of Mars, Mercury, and the Moon
Li, Y., Dasgupta, R., & Tsuno, K. (2017) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1002/2017je005289 · Cited by 53
Anoxic chemical weathering under a reducing greenhouse on early Mars
Liu, J., Michalski, J. R., Tan, W., He, H., Ye, B., & Xiao, L. (2021) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-021-01303-5 · Cited by 52
Origin of Life on Mars: Suitability and Opportunities
Clark, B. C., Kolb, V. M., Steele, A., House, C. H., Lanza, N., Gasda, P. J., VanBommel, S. J. V., NEWSOM, H. E., & Martínez‐Frías, J. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11060539 · Cited by 53
Could photosynthesis function on Proxima Centauri b?
Ritchie, R. J., Larkum, A. W. D., & Ribas, I. (2017) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550417000167 · Cited by 50
Impact Degassing of H2 on Early Mars and its Effect on the Climate System
Haberle, R. M., Zahnle, K. J., Barlow, N. G., & Steakley, K. (2019) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2019gl084733 · Cited by 53
Magma Ocean, Water, and the Early Atmosphere of Venus
Salvador, A., Avice, G., Breuer, D., Gillmann, C., Lammer, H., Marcq, E., Raymond, S. N., Sakuraba, H., Scherf, M., & Way, M. J. (2023) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-023-00995-7 · Cited by 55
Far infrared measurements of absorptions by CH4 + CO2 and H2 + CO2 mixtures and implications for greenhouse warming on early Mars
Turbet, M., Tran, H., Pirali, O., Forget, F., Boulet, C., & Hartmann, J. (2018) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.11.021 · Cited by 48
Warm early Mars surface enabled by high-altitude water ice clouds
Kite, E. S., Steele, L. J., Mischna, M. A., & Richardson, M. I. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2101959118 · Cited by 48
Ancient ocean coastal deposits imaged on Mars
Jianhui, L., Liu, H., Meng, X., Duan, D., Lu, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, F., Elsworth, D., Cardenas, B. T., Manga, M., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2422213122 · Cited by 47
Consistently Simulating a Wide Range of Atmospheric Scenarios for K2-18b with a Flexible Radiative Transfer Module
Scheucher, M., Wunderlich, F., Grenfell, J., Godolt, M., Schreier, F., Kappel, D., Haus, R., Herbst, K., & Rauer, H. (2020) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9084 · Cited by 33
Geological diversity and microbiological potential of lakes on Mars
Michalski, J. R., Goudge, T. A., Crowe, S. A., Cuadros, J., Mustard, J. F., & Johnson, S. S. (2022) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01743-7 · Cited by 45
The CO2 inventory on Mars
JAKOSKY, B. M. (2019) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2019.06.002 · Cited by 46
Hydrogen isotopic evidence for early oxidation of silicate Earth
Pahlevan, K., Schaefer, L., & Hirschmann, M. M. (2019) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115770 · Cited by 44
Circumpolar ocean stability on Mars 3 Gy ago
Schmidt, F., Way, M. J., Costard, F., Bouley, S., Séjourné, A., & Aleinov, I. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2112930118 · Cited by 51
Photogeologic mapping and the geologic history of the Hellas basin floor, Mars
Bernhardt, H., Hiesinger, H., Ivanov, M. A., Ruesch, O., Erkeling, G., & Reiss, D. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.09.031 · Cited by 43
Impact cratering as a cause of climate change, surface alteration, and resurfacing during the early history of Mars
Palumbo, A. M., & Head, J. W., III (2017) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.13001 · Cited by 45
The environmental effects of very large bolide impacts on early Mars explored with a hierarchy of numerical models
Turbet, M., Gillmann, C., Forget, F., Baudin, B., Palumbo, A. M., Head, J. W., III, & Karatekin, Ö. (2019) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113419 · Cited by 47
Can volcanism build hydrogen-rich early atmospheres?
Liggins, P., Shorttle, O., & Rimmer, P. B. (2020) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116546 · Cited by 49
Could cirrus clouds have warmed early Mars?
Ramirez, R. M., & Kasting, J. F. (2016) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.016 · Cited by 43
Self-citation
Oxidative Alteration of Ferrous Smectites and Implications for the Redox Evolution of Early Mars
Chemtob, S. M., Nickerson, R. D., Morris, R. V., Agresti, D. G., & Catalano, J. G. (2017) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1002/2017je005331 · Cited by 45
Observational constraints on the process and products of Martian serpentinization
Tutolo, B., & Tosca, N. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.add8472 · Cited by 39
Evolution of major sedimentary mounds on Mars: Buildup via anticompensational stacking modulated by climate change
Kite, E. S., Sneed, J., Mayer, D. P., Lewis, K. W., Michaels, T. I., Hore, A., & Rafkin, S. (2016) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1002/2016je005135 · Cited by 44
Experimental and Simulation Efforts in the Astrobiological Exploration of Exooceans
Taubner, R.-S., Olsson‐Francis, K., Vance, S. D., Ramkissoon, N. K., Postberg, F., Vera, J.-P. P. D., Antunes, A., Camprubí, E., Sekine, Y., Noack, L., et al. (2020) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-020-0635-5 · Cited by 43
Effect of mantle oxidation state and escape upon the evolution of Earth’s magma ocean atmosphere
Katyal, N., Ortenzi, G., Grenfell, J. L., Noack, L., Sohl, F., Godolt, M., Muñoz, A. G., Schreier, F., Wunderlich, F., & Rauer, H. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038779 · Cited by 39
Impact of space weather on climate and habitability of terrestrial-type exoplanets
Airapetian, V., Gopalswamy, N., Grenfell, J. L., Gronoff, G., Güdel, M., Herbst, K., Henning, W. G., Jackman, C. H., Jin, M., Johnstone, C. P., et al. (2020) · Yokohama National University Repository (Yokohama National University) · Cited by 41
Self-citation
Anoxic atmospheres on Mars driven by volcanism: Implications for past environments and life
Sholes, S., Smith, M. L., Claire, M. W., Zahnle, K. J., & Catling, D. C. (2017) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.02.022 · Cited by 42
Early Mars serpentinization‐derived CH 4 reservoirs, H2‐induced warming and paleopressure evolution
Chassefière, É., Lasue, J., Langlais, B., & Quesnel, Y. (2016) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.12784 · Cited by 44
A coupled atmosphere–hydrosphere global climate model of early Mars: A ‘cool and wet’ scenario for the formation of water channels
Kamada, A., Kuroda, T., Kasaba, Y., Terada, N., Nakagawa, H., & Toriumi, K. (2019) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113567 · Cited by 41
Evidence for stabilization of the ice-cemented cryosphere in earlier martian history: Implications for the current abundance of groundwater at depth on Mars
Weiss, D. K., & Head, J. W., III (2017) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.01.018 · Cited by 39
Hot Hydrogen Climates Near the Inner Edge of the Habitable Zone
Koll, D. D. B., & Cronin, T. W. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab30c4 · Cited by 38
The Ice Cap Zone: A Unique Habitable Zone for Ocean Worlds
Ramirez, R. M., & Levi, A. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty761 · Cited by 36
Self-citation
Highly Oxidizing Aqueous Environments on Early Mars Inferred From Scavenging Pattern of Trace Metals on Manganese Oxides
Noda, N. N., Imamura, S., Sekine, Y., Kurisu, M., Fukushi, K., Terada, N., Uesugi, S., Numako, C., Takahashi, Y., & Hartmann, J. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2018je005892 · Cited by 37
Early oxidation of the martian crust triggered by impacts
Deng, Z., Moynier, F., Villeneuve, J., Jensen, N. K., Liu, D., Cartigny, P., Mikouchi, T., Siebert, J., Agranier, A., Chaussidon, M., et al. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc4941 · Cited by 37
The habitability of stagnant-lid Earths around dwarf stars
Godolt, M., Tosi, N., Stracke, B., Grenfell, J. L., Ruedas, T., Spohn, T., & Rauer, H. (2019) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834658 · Cited by 35
Cold Dense Ion Outflow Observed in the Martian‐Induced Magnetotail by MAVEN
Inui, S., Seki, K., Namekawa, T., Sakai, S., Brain, D. A., Hara, T., McFadden, J. P., Halekas, J. S., Mitchell, D. L., Mazelle, C. X., et al. (2018) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2018gl077584 · Cited by 35
The paradoxes of the Late Hesperian Mars ocean
Turbet, M., & Forget, F. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42030-2 · Cited by 37
Reconstructing the past climate at Gale crater, Mars, from hydrological modeling of late‐stage lakes
Horvath, D. G., & Andrews‐Hanna, J. C. (2017) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2017gl074654 · Cited by 36
Identifiable acetylene features predicted for young Earth-like exoplanets with reducing atmospheres undergoing heavy bombardment
Rimmer, P. B., Ferus, M., Waldmann, I. P., Knížek, A., Kalvaitis, D., Ivanek, O., Kubelík, P., Yurchenko, S. N., Burian, T., Dostál, J., et al. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab55e8 · Cited by 34
Sources of water for the outflow channels on Mars: Implications of the Late Noachian “icy highlands” model for melting and groundwater recharge on the Tharsis rise
Cassanelli, J. P., Head, J. W., III, & Fastook, J. L. (2015) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2015.01.002 · Cited by 34
Estimate of the water flow duration in large Martian fluvial systems
Orofino, V., Alemanno, G., Achille, G. D., & Mancarella, F. (2018) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2018.06.001 · Cited by 34

Authors: Ramirez, R. M., Kopparapu, R., Zugger, M. E., Robinson, T. D., Freedman, R., & Kasting, J. F.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
NASA Astrobiology Institute (US)
Ames Research Center (US)
Corresponding author: Ramirez, Ramses M.
ORCID: Ramirez, Ramses M.
Kopparapu, Ravi
Zugger, Michael E.
Robinson, Tyler D.
Freedman, Richard
Kasting, James F.
Venue: Nature Geoscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-11-24
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Pages: 59-63
ISSN: 1752-0894 (ISSN-L)
1752-0908
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2000
OpenAlex: W2057666382
Cited by: 303
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 7.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
arxiv.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Geoscience (publishedVersion)
arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
arXiv (Cornell University)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Keywords: early Mars climate, global warming, carbon dioxide, volatile outgassing, volcanic outgassing, methane oxidation, liquid water on Mars, one-dimensional climate model, surface temperature, atmospheric pressure

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Warming early Mars with CO2 and H2

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks