The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toll-like receptor–induced arginase 1 in macrophages thwarts effective immunity against intracellular pathogens
Open accessAbstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in macrophages is required for antipathogen responses, including the biosynthesis of nitric oxide from arginine, and is essential for immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Toxoplasma gondii and other intracellular pathogens. Here we report a 'loophole' in the TLR pathway that is advantageous to these pathogens. Intracellular pathogens induced expression of the arginine hydrolytic enzyme arginase 1 (Arg1) in mouse macrophages through the TLR pathway. In contrast to diseases dominated by T helper type 2 responses in which Arg1 expression is greatly increased by interleukin 4 and 13 signaling through the transcription factor STAT6, TLR-mediated Arg1 induction was independent of the STAT6 pathway. Specific elimination of Arg1 in macrophages favored host survival during T. gondii infection and decreased lung bacterial load during tuberculosis infection.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Consequently, mice deficient in Arg1 are better protected against M. tuberculosis infection (108).”
From Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria (2015) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, arginase-1, which depletes the Nos2 substrate arginine by converting it to ornithine [62, 205], is reduced by heme.”
From “Pumping iron”—how macrophages handle iron at the systemic, microenvironmental, and cellular levels (2017) · cites this paper as [62]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Alternative activation of macrophages
Gordon, S. (2003) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri978 · Cited by 6,189 · cited 1×
“Although macrophage Arg1 expression is commonly linked to the hypothesized antiworm functions of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs”
BackgroundNitric oxide and the immune response
Bogdan, C. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1001-907 · Cited by 3,447
Self-citationRecognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response
Medzhitov, R. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06246 · Cited by 2,862 · cited 1×
“1671" language="eng" relation="no"> In macrophages, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activate protective immune responses, including recognition of pathogens, activation of antipathogen effector pathways and transition to protective adaptive response”
BackgroundRegulation of immune responses by L-arginine metabolism
Bronte, V., & Zanovello, P. (2005) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1668 · Cited by 1,775 · cited 1×
“Although macrophage Arg1 expression is commonly linked to the hypothesized antiworm functions of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs”
BackgroundFibrotic disease and the TH1/TH2 paradigm
Wynn, T. A. (2004) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1412 · Cited by 1,765
Self-citationHost Defense Mechanisms Triggered by Microbial Lipoproteins Through Toll-Like Receptors
Brightbill, H. D., Libraty, D. H., Krutzik, S. R., Yang, R., Belisle, J. T., Bleharski, J. R., Maitland, M. L., Norgard, M. V., Plevy, S. E., Smale, S. T., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5428.732 · Cited by 1,659 · cited 1×
“TLR and interferon pathways synergistically trigger NO production by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that enhance expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the enzyme responsible for NO production from arginine in macrophage”
BackgroundTranscriptional Adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within Macrophages
Schnappinger, D., Ehrt, S., Voskuil, M. I., Liu, Y., Mangan, J. A., Monahan, I. M., Dolganov, G., Efron, B., Butcher, P. D., Nathan, C., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20030846 · Cited by 1,420
Oxidative metabolism and PGC-1β attenuate macrophage-mediated inflammation
Vats, D., Mukundan, L., Odegaard, J. I., Zhang, L., Smith, K. L., Morel, C. R., Greaves, D. R., Murray, P. J., & Chawla, A. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.05.011 · Cited by 1,369
Self-citationThe JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway: Input and Output Integration
Murray, P. J. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.2623 · Cited by 1,179
Self-citationChan, J., Xing, Y., Magliozzo, R. S., & Bloom, B. R. (1992) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.175.4.1111 · Cited by 1,062
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines
Murray, P. J., Allen, J. E., Biswas, S. K., Fisher, E. A., Gilroy, D. W., Goerdt, S., Gordon, S., Hamilton, J. A., Ivashkiv, L. B., Lawrence, T., et al. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.008 · Cited by 6,337
“…has led to interpretive problems because Arg1 is also induced in M1 spectrum macrophages, expressed in some resident macrophage populations, and highly induced in mycobacteria-infected macrophages, further emphasizing the need for criteria encompassing multiple markers (El Kasmi et al., 2008).”
Self-citationProtective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets
Murray, P. J., & Wynn, T. A. (2011) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3073 · Cited by 5,269
Self-citationAlternative activation of macrophages: mechanism and functions
Gordon, S., & Martinez, F. O. (2010) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.05.007 · Cited by 4,197
“There are obvious caveats to the use of reverse analysis alone, as required in human studies in situ: substantial species differences exist in available markers, and established markers such as Arg1 can be induced by other pathways (El Kasmi et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMurray, P. J. (2017) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034339 · Cited by 2,981
“F or p er so na l u se o nl y. Table 1 (Continued ) Protein (gene)a Function Genetic lesionb Effect on polarization Reference(s) Notes IRF5 (Irf5) Transcription factor Conditional knockout (LysM-Cre) Complete knockout Loss of M1 65, 106 None TSC1 (Tsc1) Inhibitor of mTOR Conditional knockout (LysM-Cre) Gain of M1 Part…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationTranscriptional regulation of macrophage polarization: enabling diversity with identity
Lawrence, T., & Natoli, G. (2011) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3088 · Cited by 2,284
“Both STAT6 and C/EBPβ have recently been shown to be essential for arginase 1 expression in macrophages, but in a stimulus-specific manner owing to the selective use of distinct cis -acting elements in the Arg1 promote”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- El Kasmi, K. C., Qualls, J. E., Pesce, J. T., Smith, A. M., Thompson, R. W., Henao-Tamayo, M., Basaraba, R. J., König, T., Schleicher, U., Koo, M.-S., Kaplan, G., Fitzgerald, K. A., Tuomanen, E. I., Orme, I. M., Kanneganti, T.-D., Bogdan, C., Wynn, T. A., & Murray, P. J.
- Affiliations
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Colorado State University (US)
- University Medical Center Freiburg (DE)
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen (DE)
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wynn, Thomas A
- Murray, Peter J
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2008-11-02
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1399-1406
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- PMC
- PMC2584974
- OpenAlex
- W2038461328
- Cited by
- 646
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 13.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA021765)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI27913, R01AI027913, AI062921, R01AI066046, AI66046, R01AI062921)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Keywords
- arginase-1, Toll-like receptor signaling, macrophages, intracellular pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Toxoplasma gondii, nitric oxide, STAT6, host-pathogen interaction, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, lung bacterial load
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arginase, Bacterial Infections, Immunohistochemistry, Macrophages, Immunoblotting, Mice, Knockout, CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta, STAT6 Transcription Factor, Toll-Like Receptors, Mice, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
