Taming lupus-a new understanding of pathogenesis is leading to clinical advances

Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity

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Development of Autoantibodies before the Clinical Onset of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

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Interferon and Granulopoiesis Signatures in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Blood

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Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense self-DNA coupled with antimicrobial peptide

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Chromatin–IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and Toll-like receptors

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DAI (DLM-1/ZBP1) is a cytosolic DNA sensor and an activator of innate immune response

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A phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of belimumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits B lymphocyte stimulator, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

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CD19+CD24hiCD38hi B Cells Exhibit Regulatory Capacity in Healthy Individuals but Are Functionally Impaired in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients

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Efficacy and safety of rituximab in moderately‐to‐severely active systemic lupus erythematosus: The randomized, double‐blind, phase ii/iii systemic lupus erythematosus evaluation of rituximab trial

Merrill, J. T., Neuwelt, C. M., Wallace, D. J., Shanahan, J. C., Latinis, K. M., Oates, J. C., Utset, T. O., Gordon, C., Isenberg, D. A., Hsieh, H., et al. (2009) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.27233 · Cited by 1,414 · see citing works

Netting Neutrophils Are Major Inducers of Type I IFN Production in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Toll-like receptor 9–dependent activation by DNA-containing immune complexes is mediated by HMGB1 and RAGE

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Genome-wide association scan in women with systemic lupus erythematosus identifies susceptibility variants in ITGAM, PXK, KIAA1542 and other loci

The International Consortium for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Genetics (SLEGEN), Harley, J. B., Alarcón-Riquelme, M. E., Criswell, L. A., Jacob, C. O., Kimberly, R. P., Moser, K. L., Tsao, B. P., Vyse, T. J., & Langefeld, C. D. (2008) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.81 · Cited by 1,309 · see citing works

Neutrophils Activate Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by Releasing Self-DNA–Peptide Complexes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Induction of Dendritic Cell Differentiation by IFN-α in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: sensing nucleic acids in viral infection and autoimmune diseases

Gilliet, M., Cao, W., & Liu, Y.-J. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2358 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works

Toll-like Receptor 7 and TLR9 Dictate Autoantibody Specificity and Have Opposing Inflammatory and Regulatory Roles in a Murine Model of Lupus

Christensen, S. R., Shupe, J., Nickerson, K., Kashgarian, M., Flavell, R. A., & Shlomchik, M. J. (2006) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.07.013 · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works

Type I Interferon in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Autoimmune Diseases

Banchereau, J., & Pascual, V. (2006) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.08.010 · Cited by 955 · see citing works

Cracking the BAFF code

Mackay, F., & Schneider, P. (2009) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2572 · Cited by 936 · see citing works

The helicase DDX41 senses intracellular DNA mediated by the adaptor STING in dendritic cells

Zhang, Z., Yuan, B., Bao, M., Lu, N., Kim, T., & Liu, Y. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2091 · Cited by 874 · see citing works

Intestinal Bacterial Colonization Induces Mutualistic Regulatory T Cell Responses

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A subset of lupus anti-DNA antibodies cross-reacts with the NR2 glutamate receptor in systemic lupus erythematosus

DeGiorgio, L. A., Konstantinov, K. N., Lee, S. C., Hardin, J., Volpe, B. T., & Diamond, B. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1101-1189 · Cited by 798 · see citing works

Expanded Double Negative T Cells in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Produce IL-17 and Infiltrate the Kidneys

Crispín, J. C., Oukka, M., Bayliss, G. P., Cohen, R. A., van Beek, C., Stillman, I. E., Kyttaris, V. C., Juang, Y., & Tsokos, G. C. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.12.8761 · Cited by 795 · see citing works

Expansion of circulating T cells resembling follicular helper T cells is a fixed phenotype that identifies a subset of severe systemic lupus erythematosus

Simpson, N., Gatenby, P. A., Wilson, A., Malik, S., Fulcher, D. A., Tangye, S. G., Manku, H., Vyse, T. J., Roncador, G., Huttley, G. A., et al. (2009) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.25032 · Cited by 681 · see citing works

A Modular Analysis Framework for Blood Genomics Studies: Application to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Chaussabel, D., Quinn, C., Shen, J., Patel, P., Glaser, C., Baldwin, N., Stichweh, D., Blankenship, D., Li, L., Munagala, I., et al. (2008) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.05.012 · Cited by 649 · see citing works

Engulfment of apoptotic cells: signals for a good meal

Ravichandran, K. S., & Lorenz, U. M. (2007) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2214 · Cited by 634 · see citing works

TANK-binding kinase-1 delineates innate and adaptive immune responses to DNA vaccines

Ishii, K. J., Kawagoe, T., Koyama, S., Matsui, K., Kumar, H., Kawai, T., Uematsu, S., Takeuchi, O., Takeshita, F., Coban, C., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06537 · Cited by 628 · see citing works

Prioritizing GWAS Results: A Review of Statistical Methods and Recommendations for Their Application

Cantor, R. M., Lange, K. L., & Sinsheimer, J. S. (2010) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.11.017 · Cited by 621 · see citing works

Uncoupling of Immune Complex Formation and Kidney Damage in Autoimmune Glomerulonephritis

Clynes, R., Dumitru, C. D., & Ravetch, J. V. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5353.1052 · Cited by 621 · see citing works

Follicular helper T cells are required for systemic autoimmunity

Linterman, M. A., Rigby, R. J., Wong, R. K., Yu, D., Brink, R. A., Cannons, J. L., Schwartzberg, P. L., Cook, M., Walters, G. D., & Vinuesa, C. G. (2009) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20081886 · Cited by 586 · see citing works

Nucleic acid recognition by the innate immune system

Barbalat, R., Ewald, S. E., Mouchess, M. L., & Barton, G. M. (2011) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101340 · Cited by 577 · see citing works

The Role of Complement in the Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Manderson, A. P., Botto, M., & Walport, M. J. (2004) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104549 · Cited by 538 · see citing works

Toll-like Receptor 9–Dependent and –Independent Dendritic Cell Activation by Chromatin–Immunoglobulin G Complexes

Uccellini, M. B., Broughton, C., Mackay, F., Akira, S., Marshak‐Rothstein, A., & Rifkin, I. R. (2004) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20031942 · Cited by 519 · see citing works

Autoimmunity Initiates in Nonhematopoietic Cells and Progresses via Lymphocytes in an Interferon-Dependent Autoimmune Disease

Gall, A., Treuting, P., Elkon, K. B., Loo, Y.-M., Gale, M., Barber, G. N., & Stetson, D. B. (2012) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.11.018 · Cited by 510 · see citing works

Cutting Edge: The Dependence of Plasma Cells and Independence of Memory B Cells on BAFF and APRIL

Benson, M. J., Dillon, S. R., Castigli, E., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.6.3655 · Cited by 479 · see citing works

Allogenic mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot clinical study

Liang, J., Zhang, H., Hua, B., Wang, H., Lu, L., Shi, S., Hou, Y., Zeng, X., Gilkeson, G. S., & Sun, L. (2010) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2009.123463 · Cited by 449 · see citing works

MicroRNA, a new paradigm for understanding immunoregulation, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases

Dai, R., & Ahmed, S. A. (2011) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2011.01.007 · Cited by 443 · see citing works

Control systems and decision making for antibody production

Goodnow, C. C., Vinuesa, C. G., Randall, K. L., Mackay, F., & Brink, R. A. (2010) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1900 · Cited by 438 · see citing works

Belimumab reduces autoantibodies, normalizes low complement levels, and reduces select B cell populations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Stohl, W., Hiepe, F., Latinis, K. M., Thomas, M., Scheinberg, M. A., Clarke, A. E., Aranow, C. B., Wellborne, F. R., Abud‐Mendoza, C., Hough, D. R., et al. (2012) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.34400 · Cited by 419 · see citing works

ICOS-dependent extrafollicular helper T cells elicit IgG production via IL-21 in systemic autoimmunity

Odegard, J., Marks, B. R., DiPlacido, L. D., Poholek, A. C., Kono, D. H., Dong, C., Flavell, R. A., & Craft, J. E. (2008) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20080840 · Cited by 415 · see citing works

Genetic reconstitution of systemic lupus erythematosus immunopathology with polycongenic murine strains

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Epidemiology of CVD in rheumatic disease, with a focus on RA and SLE

Symmons, D. P. M., & Gabriel, S. E. (2011) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2011.75 · Cited by 406 · see citing works

Cognition and Immunity

Kowal, C., DeGiorgio, L. A., Nakaoka, T., Hetherington, H. P., Huerta, P. T., Diamond, B., & Volpe, B. T. (2004) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2004.07.011 · Cited by 403 · see citing works

A role for sex chromosome complement in the female bias in autoimmune disease

Smith-Bouvier, D. L., Divekar, A., Manda, S. V., Du, S., Tiwari-Woodruff, S. K., King, J. K., Arnold, A. P., Singh, R. R., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2008) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20070850 · Cited by 398 · see citing works

TLR recognition of self nucleic acids hampers glucocorticoid activity in lupus

Guiducci, C., Gong, M., Xu, Z., Gill, M. A., Chaussabel, D., Meeker, T., Chan, J. H., Wright, T. B., Punaro, M., Bolland, S. M., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09102 · Cited by 380 · see citing works

Genetic susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in the genomic era

Deng, Y., & Tsao, B. P. (2010) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2010.176 · Cited by 379 · see citing works

Basophils and the T helper 2 environment can promote the development of lupus nephritis

Charles, N., Hardwick, D., Daugas, É., Illei, G. G., & Rivera, J. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2159 · Cited by 360 · see citing works

Genetic Variation in PTPN22 Corresponds to Altered Function of T and B Lymphocytes

Rieck, M., Arechiga, A. F., Önengüt-Gümüşcü, S., Greenbaum, C. J., CONCANNON, P. J., & Buckner, J. H. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.7.4704 · Cited by 355 · see citing works

Germinal center exclusion of autoreactive B cells is defective in human systemic lupus erythematosus

Cappione, A., Anolik, J. H., Pugh-Bernard, A. E., Barnard, J., Dutcher, P. O., Silverman, G. J., & Sanz, I. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci24179 · Cited by 349 · see citing works

Elevated Serum Levels of Interferon-Regulated Chemokines Are Biomarkers for Active Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Bauer, J. W., Baechler, E. C., Petri, M., Batliwalla, F., Crawford, D., Ortmann, W. A., Espe, K. J., Li, W., Patel, D. D., Gregersen, P. K., et al. (2006) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030491 · Cited by 309 · see citing works

Interferon‐regulated chemokines as biomarkers of systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity: A validation study

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The PTPN22 allele encoding an R620W variant interferes with the removal of developing autoreactive B cells in humans

Menard, L. C., Saadoun, D., Isnardi, I., Ng, Y.-S., Meyers, G., Massad, C., Price, C. C., Abraham, C., Motaghedi, R., Buckner, J. H., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci45790 · Cited by 289 · see citing works

Inhibiting the C5–C5a receptor axis

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T cells as therapeutic targets in SLE

Crispín, J. C., Kyttaris, V. C., Terhorst, C., & Tsokos, G. C. (2010) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2010.60 · Cited by 273 · see citing works

IFN-α Induces Early Lethal Lupus in Preautoimmune (New Zealand Black × New Zealand White)F1 but Not in BALB/c Mice

Mathian, A., Weinberg, A. G., Gallegos, M., Banchereau, J., & Koutouzov, S. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.5.2499 · Cited by 270 · see citing works

Toll-like receptor 7-dependent loss of B cell tolerance in pathogenic autoantibody knockin mice.

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Urine Chemokines as Biomarkers of Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity

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The autoimmune disease–associated PTPN22 variant promotes calpain-mediated Lyp/Pep degradation associated with lymphocyte and dendritic cell hyperresponsiveness

Zhang, J., Zahir, N., Jiang, Q., Miliotis, H., Heyraud, S., Meng, X., Dong, B., ., G. X., Qiu, F., Hao, Z., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.904 · Cited by 253 · see citing works

Predictive power of the second renal biopsy in lupus nephritis: Significance of macrophages

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Effect of long‐term belimumab treatment on b cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: Extension of a phase II, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging study

Jacobi, A. M., Huang, W., Wang, T., Freimuth, W. W., Sanz, I., Furie, R. A., Mackay, M. C., Aranow, C. B., Diamond, B., & Davidson, A. (2009) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.27189 · Cited by 243 · see citing works

Organization of immunological memory by bone marrow stroma

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Lupus Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (LAPS)

Petri, M. A., Kiani, A. N., Post, W. S., Christopher‐Stine, L., & Magder, L. S. (2010) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2010.136762 · Cited by 236 · see citing works

Dysfunctional proinflammatory high‐density lipoproteins confer increased risk of atherosclerosis in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

McMahon, M. A., Grossman, J. M., Skaggs, B. J., FitzGerald, J. D., Sahakian, L., Ragavendra, N., Charles‐Schoeman, C., Watson, K. E., Wong, W. K., Volkmann, E. R., et al. (2009) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.24677 · Cited by 216 · see citing works

Genetic and hormonal factors in female-biased autoimmunity

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Neurotoxic lupus autoantibodies alter brain function through two distinct mechanisms

Faust, T. W., Chang, E. H., Kowal, C., Berlin, R., Gazaryan, I. G., Bertini, E., Zhang, J., Sánchez‐Guerrero, J., Fragoso-Loyo, H. E., Volpe, B. T., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1006980107 · Cited by 205 · see citing works

Cutting Edge: Reversal of Murine Lupus Nephritis with CTLA4Ig and Cyclophosphamide

Daikh, D., & Wofsy, D. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.5.2913 · Cited by 203 · see citing works

Risk Alleles for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Large Case-Control Collection and Associations with Clinical Subphenotypes

Taylor, K. E., Chung, S. A., Graham, R., Ortmann, W. A., Lee, A. T., Langefeld, C. D., Jacob, C. O., Kamboh, M. I., Alarcón-Riquelme, M. E., Tsao, B. P., et al. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001311 · Cited by 199 · see citing works

Abnormalities of T cell signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus

Moulton, V. R., & Tsokos, G. C. (2011) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar3251 · Cited by 198 · see citing works

Cutting Edge: The PTPN22 Allelic Variant Associated with Autoimmunity Impairs B Cell Signaling

Arechiga, A. F., Habib, T., He, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z., Funk, A., & Buckner, J. H. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0713370 · Cited by 196 · see citing works

B‐Cell Self‐Tolerance in Humans

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Deficiency of the type I interferon receptor protects mice from experimental lupus

Nacionales, D. C., Kelly‐Scumpia, K. M., Lee, P. Y., Weinstein, J. S., Lyons, R., Sobel, E. S., Satoh, M., & Reeves, W. H. (2007) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.23023 · Cited by 193 · see citing works

Biomarkers for Lupus Nephritis: A Critical Appraisal

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Antiribosomal-P autoantibodies from psychiatric lupus target a novel neuronal surface protein causing calcium influx and apoptosis

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Follicular dendritic cells control engulfment of apoptotic bodies by secreting Mfge8

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CD8 + T regulatory cells express the Ly49 Class I MHC receptor and are defective in autoimmune prone B6-Yaa mice

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Suppression of skin and kidney disease by inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase in lupus‐prone mice

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BAFF and selection of autoreactive B cells

Liu, Z., & Davidson, A. (2011) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2011.06.004 · Cited by 171 · see citing works

An orally bioavailable spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor delays disease progression and prolongs survival in murine lupus

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Use of atorvastatin in systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents

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B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: long-term follow-up and predictors of response

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Regulation of lupus-related autoantibody production and clinical disease by Toll-like receptors

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