Statistics versus machine learning
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Validation techniques to mitigate overfitting and increase robustness included 10-fold cross-validation, feature importance analysis, and Bayesian optimization.
“We employed several validation techniques to mitigate overfitting and increase robustness, including 10-fold cross-validation63, feature importance analysis65, and Bayesian optimization66.”
From The exposome of healthy and accelerated aging across 40 countries (2025) · cites this paper as [66]
Classification can be performed with many variables with nonlinear interactions.
“Classification can be performed with many variables with nonlinear interactions (Bzdok et al., 2018; Bzdok et al., 2017).”
From Multiclass characterization of frontotemporal dementia variants via multimodal brain network computational inference (2023) · cites this paper as Bzdok et al., 2018
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Lever, J., Krzywinski, M. I., & Altman, N. (2016) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3945 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Self-citationEnsemble methods: bagging and random forests
Altman, N., & Krzywinski, M. I. (2017) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.4438 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Self-citationBzdok, D., Krzywinski, M., & Altman, N. (2017) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.4526 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Self-citationBzdok, D. (2017) · HAL · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationClassical Statistics and Statistical Learning in Imaging Neuroscience
Bzdok, D. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00543 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationSampling distributions and the bootstrap
Kulesa, A. B., Krzywinski, M. I., Blainey, P. C., & Altman, N. (2015) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3414 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationAnalyzing outliers: influential or nuisance?
Altman, N., & Krzywinski, M. I. (2016) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3812 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationKrzywinski, M. I., & Altman, N. (2014) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2900 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationAnalysis of variance and blocking
Krzywinski, M. I., & Altman, N. (2014) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3005 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [4]Lever J Krzywinski M Altman N Nat Methods 13 603 604 2016 27482566
- [5]Altman N Krzywinski M Nat Methods 14 933 934 2017 PMC5905345 29664466
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Artificial intelligence for mental health and mental illnesses: an overview
Graham, S., Depp, C., Lee, E. E., Nebeker, C., Tu, X., Kim, H.-C., & Jeste, D. V. (2019) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-019-1094-0 · Cited by 970 · see citing works
Rajula, H. S. R., Verlato, G., Manchia, M., Antonucci, N., & Fanos, V. (2020) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina56090455 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
A short guide for medical professionals in the era of artificial intelligence
Meskó, B., & Görög, M. (2020) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-020-00333-z · Cited by 409 · see citing works
ESMO guidance for reporting oncology real-world evidence (GROW)
Castelo-Branco, L., Pellat, A., Martins-Branco, D., Valachis, A., Derksen, J. W. G., Suijkerbuijk, K. P. M., Dafni, U., Dellaporta, T., Vogel, A., Prelaj, A., et al. (2023) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2023.10.001 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Machine Learning in Nanoscience: Big Data at Small Scales
Brown, K. A., Brittman, S., Maccaferri, N., Jariwala, D., & Celano, U. (2020) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04090 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Deep learning for small and big data in psychiatry
Koppe, G., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., & Durstewitz, D. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-020-0767-z · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Quantitative 3D Mapping of the Human Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Network
Vincent, A. E., White, K., Davey, T., Philips, J., Ogden, R. T., Lawless, C., Warren, C., Hall, M. G., Ng, Y. S., Falkous, G., et al. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.010 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Machine learning: a powerful tool for gene function prediction in plants
Mahood, E. H., Kruse, L. H., & Moghe, G. D. (2020) · Applications in Plant Sciences · doi:10.1002/aps3.11376 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Recognizing and utilizing novel research opportunities with artificial intelligence
von Krogh, G., Roberson, Q., & Gruber, M. (2023) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2023.4002 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Microalgae with Artificial Intelligence: A Digitalized Perspective on Genetics, Systems and Products
Teng, S. Y., Yew, G. Y., Sukačová, K., Show, P. L., Máša, V., & Chang, J.-S. (2020) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107631 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Recommendations and future directions for supervised machine learning in psychiatry
Cearns, M., Hahn, T., & Baune, B. T. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0607-2 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Machine Learning in Pharmacometrics: Opportunities and Challenges
McComb, M., Bies, R., & Ramanathan, M. (2022) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.14801 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
A Survey on Churn Analysis in Various Business Domains
Ahn, J., Hwang, J., Kim, D., Choi, H., & Kang, S. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3042657 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“(2019) and Bzdok, D., Altman, N. and Krzywinski, M. (2018) divided statistics and machine learning [60]–[62].”
Han, L. K. M., Verhoeven, J. E., Tyrka, A. R., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Wolkowitz, O. M., Månsson, K. N. T., Lindqvist, D., Boks, M. P., Révész, D., Mellon, S. H., et al. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.004 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Arina, P., Kaczorek, M. R., Hofmaenner, D. A., Pisciotta, W., Refinetti, P., Singer, M., Mazomenos, E. B., & Whittle, J. (2024) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000004764 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Credibility of <i>In Silico</i> Trial Technologies—A Theoretical Framing
Viceconti, M., Juarez, M. A., Curreli, C., Pennisi, M., Russo, G., & Pappalardo, F. (2020) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2019.2949888 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The exposome of healthy and accelerated aging across 40 countries
Hernandez, H., Santamaria-Garcia, H., Moguilner, S., Farina, F. R., Legaz, A., Prado, P., Cuadros, J., Gonzalez, L., Gonzalez-Gomez, R., Migeot, J., et al. (2025) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-025-03808-2 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Machine learning and artificial intelligence: applications in healthcare epidemiology
Hamilton, A. J., Strauss, A. T., Martinez, D. A., Hinson, J. S., Levin, S., Lin, G., & Klein, E. Y. (2021) · Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ash.2021.192 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Advancing health care via artificial intelligence: From concept to clinic
Sandeep Ganesh, G., Kolusu, A. S., Prasad, K., Samudrala, P. K., & Nemmani, K. V. S. (2022) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175320 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence for dementia genetics and omics
Bettencourt, C., Skene, N., Bandres‐Ciga, S., Anderson, E., Winchester, L. M., Foote, I. F., Schwartzentruber, J., Botia, J. A., Nalls, M., Singleton, A., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13427 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Nakhle, F., & Harfouche, A. L. (2021) · Patterns · doi:10.1016/j.patter.2021.100323 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“relationships between the predictor (independent) and response (dependent) variables.(35) The advancement of computing technologies and power as well as AI-driven data analytics offer the possibility that digitalization of phenomics can provide new solutions to these complex challenges.”
BackgroundSantamaría-García, H., Baez, S., Aponte-Canencio, D. M., Pasciarello, G. O., Donnelly-Kehoe, P. A., Maggiotti, G., Matallana, D., Hesse, E., Neely, A., Zapata, J. G., et al. (2021) · Patterns · doi:10.1016/j.patter.2020.100176 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Gonzalez-Gomez, R., Ibañez, A., & Moguilner, S. (2023) · Network Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/netn_a_00285 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bzdok, D., Altman, N., & Krzywinski, M.
- Affiliations
- Centre Inria de Saclay (FR)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre (CA)
- Venue
- Nature Methods
- Published
- 2018-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 233-234
- ISSN
- 1548-7091 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-7105
- PMC
- PMC6082636
- OpenAlex
- W2792919287
- Cited by
- 1,508
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 159 · 2025: 229 · 2024: 263 · 2023: 252 · 2022: 249 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 73.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Methods (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH074457)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning and Algorithms
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Inference
- Keywords
- statistical inference, machine learning prediction
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Gene Expression Regulation, Models, Genetic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review