Cited by 58Machine Learning in HealthcareArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Machine learning and artificial intelligence: applications in healthcare epidemiology

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Hamilton, Alisa J., Strauss, Alexandra T., Martinez, Diego A., Hinson, Jeremiah S., Levin, Scott, Lin, Gary, Klein, Eili Y.·2021·Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the performance of tasks by machines ordinarily associated with human intelligence. Machine learning (ML) is a subtype of AI; it refers to the ability of computers to draw conclusions (ie, learn) from data without being directly programmed. ML builds from traditional statistical methods and has drawn significant interest in healthcare epidemiology due to its potential for improving disease prediction and patient care. This review provides an overview of ML in healthcare epidemiology and practical examples of ML tools used to support healthcare decision making at 4 stages of hospital-based care: triage, diagnosis, treatment, and discharge. Examples include model-building efforts to assist emergency department triage, predicting time before septic shock onset, detecting community-acquired pneumonia, and classifying COVID-19 disposition risk level. Increasing availability and quality of electronic health record (EHR) data as well as computing power provides opportunities for ML to increase patient safety, improve the efficiency of clinical management, and reduce healthcare costs.

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Crossref · 10.1017/ash.2021.192

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  • The Hinson et al. tool was rapidly integrated into clinical practice within the Johns Hopkins Health System, contributing to more consistent and reliable disposition decisions and improved bed allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    “This tool was rapidly integrated into clinical practice to support care decisions within the Johns Hopkins Health System, contributing to more consistent and reliable disposition decision and improved bed allocation during the pandemic [26].”

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. [22]HCUP facts and figures: statistics on hospital-based care in the United States, 2009. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality website. www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports. Published 2011. Accessed August 21, 2021. 22514803
  2. [31]Henry K, Paxton C, Kim KS, Pham J, Saria S. 63: Rews: real-time early warning score for septic shock. Crit Care Med 2014; 42: A1384.
  3. [41]Niederman MS. Community-acquired pneumonia: the US perspective. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 30: 179– 188. 19296418
  4. [47]Adamson AS, Smith A. Machine learning and healthcare disparities in dermatology. JAMA Dermatol 2018; 154: 1247– 1248. 30073260

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Authors
Hamilton, A. J., Strauss, A. T., Martinez, D. A., Hinson, J. S., Levin, S., Lin, G., & Klein, E. Y.
Affiliations
  • Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (US)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author
Klein, Eili Y.
Venue
Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology
Published
2021
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
e28-e28
ISSN
2732-494X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3203678358
Cited by
58
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3
FWCI
0.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01CK000589)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning in Healthcare
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Keywords
machine learning, artificial intelligence, hospital epidemiology, disease prediction, clinical decision support, emergency department triage, electronic health records, patient safety, health care costs

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