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The sequential activity of the GTPases Rap1B and Cdc42 determines neuronal polarity.
Abstract
The establishment of a polarized morphology is an essential step in the differentiation of neurons with a single axon and multiple dendrites. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, one of several initially indistinguishable neurites is selected to become the axon. Both phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and the evolutionarily conserved Par complex (comprising Par3, Par6 and an atypical PKC (aPKC) such as PKClambda or PKCzeta) are involved in axon specification. However, the initial signals that establish cellular asymmetry and the pathways that subsequently translate it into structural changes remain to be elucidated. Here we show that localization of the GTPase Rap1B to the tip of a single neurite is a decisive step in determining which neurite becomes the axon. Using GTPase mutants and RNA interference, we found that Rap1B is necessary and sufficient to initiate the development of axons upstream of Cdc42 and the Par complex.
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“The function of Par3 depends on its specific subcellular localization; it is present in all neurites at stage 2 but becomes restricted to the axon at stage 3 (Schwamborn and Püschel, 2004; Shi et al., 2003).”
From Rassf5 and Ndr kinases act in a novel pathway regulating neuronal polarity through Par3 phosphorylation (2014) · cites this paper as Schwamborn and Püschel, 2004
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“One key pathway depends on the sequential activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the GTPases Rap1 and Cdc42 that act through the Par polarity complex (Garvalov et al., 2007; Schwamborn and Püschel, 2004).”
From Rassf5 and Ndr kinases act in a novel pathway regulating neuronal polarity through Par3 phosphorylation (2014) · cites this paper as Schwamborn and Püschel, 2004
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schwamborn, J. C., & Püschel, A. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Münster (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Püschel, Andreas W
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2004-08-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 923-929
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W2059346427
- Cited by
- 385
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 11.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- Rap1b, Cdc42, neuronal polarity, axon specification, GTPase, Par complex, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, atypical PKC, hippocampal neurons, neuronal differentiation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Axons, Carrier Proteins, Cells, Cultured, Dendrites, Embryo, Mammalian, Hippocampus, Immunohistochemistry, Luminescent Proteins, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons, Phalloidine, Protein Kinase C, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Time Factors, Transfection, Cytochalasin D, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Gene Transfer Techniques, Body Patterning, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, GTP Phosphohydrolases, rap GTP-Binding Proteins, rhoA GTP-Binding Protein, cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein, RNA Interference, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Mice, Rats
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