Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 758

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Quantum key distribution over a 40-dB channel loss using superconducting single-photon detectors

Open access
Takesue, Hiroki, Nam, Sae Woo, Zhang, Qiang, Hadfield, Robert H., Honjo, Toshimori, Tamaki, Kiyoshi, Yamamoto, Yoshihisa·2007·Nature Photonics
DOI 10.1038/nphoton.2007.75
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We report the first quantum key distribution (QKD) experiment to enable the creation of secure keys over 42 dB channel loss and 200 km of optical fibre. We used the differential phase shift QKD (DPS-QKD) protocol, implemented with a 10-GHz clock frequency and superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) based on NbN nanowires. The SSPD offers a very low dark count rate (a few Hz) and small timing jitter (60 ps, full width at half maximum, FWHM). These characteristics allowed us to achieve a 12.1 bit s–1 secure key rate over 200 km of fibre, which is the longest terrestrial QKD over a fibre link yet demonstrated. Moreover, this is the first 10-GHz clock QKD system to enable secure key generation. The keys generated in our experiment are secure against both general collective attacks on individual photons and a specific collective attack on multiphotons, known as a sequential unambiguous state discrimination (USD) attack.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nphoton.2007.75

Cites

5 of 5 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 5 references

Research works printed but not linked: 34

  1. Vernam, G. S. Cipher printing telegraph systems for secret wire and radio telegraphic communications. J. Am. Inst. Elec. Eng. 45, 109–115 (1926).
  2. Bennett, C. H., Bessette, F., Brassard, G., Salvail, L. & Smolin, J. Experimental quantum cryptography. J. Cryptology 5, 3–28 (1992). · DOI · Paper page
  3. Lütkenhaus, N. Security against individual attacks for realistic quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. A 61, 052304 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  4. Brassard, G., Lütkenhaus, N., Mor, T. & Sanders, B. C. Limitations on practical quantum cryptography. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1330–1333 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
  5. McKeever, J. et al. Deterministic generation of single photons from one atom trapped cavity. Science 303, 1992–1994 (2004). · DOI · Paper page
  6. Waks, E. et al. Quantum cryptography with a photon turnstile. Nature 420, 762 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  7. Beveratos, A. et al. Single photon quantum cryptography. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 187901 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  8. Waks, E., Santori, C. & Yamamoto, Y. Security aspects of quantum key distribution with sub-Poisson light. Phys. Rev. A 66, 042315 (2002). · DOI
  9. Hwang, W. Y. Quantum key distribution with high loss: toward global secure communication. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 057901 (2003). · DOI · Paper page
  10. Lo, H. K., Ma, X. & Chen, K. Decoy state quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 230504 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
  11. Wang, X. B. Beating the photon-number-splitting attack in practical quantum cryptography. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 230503 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
  12. Ma, X., Qi, B., Zhao, Y. & Lo, H. K. Practical decoy state for quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. A 72, 012326 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
  13. Bennett, C. H. Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3121–3124 (1992). · DOI · Paper page
  14. Koashi, M. Unconditional security of coherent-state quantum key distribution with a strong phase-reference pulse. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 120501 (2004). · DOI
  15. Scarani, V., Acín, A., Ribordy, G. & Gisin, N. Quantum cryptography protocols robust against photon number splitting attacks for weak laser pulse implementation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 057901 (2004). · DOI · Paper page
  16. Stucki, D., Brunner, N., Gisin, N., Scarani, V. & Zbinden, H. Fast and simple one-way quantum key distribution. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 194108 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
  17. Inoue, K., Waks, E. & Yamamoto, Y. Differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 037902 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  18. Rosenberg, D. et al. Long distance decoy state quantum key distribution in optical fiber. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 010503 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
  19. Waks, E., Takesue, H. & Yamamoto, Y. Security of differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution against individual attacks. Phys. Rev. A 73, 012344 (2006). · DOI
  20. Takesue, H. et al. Differential phase shift quantum key distribution over 105 km fibre. New J. Phys. 7, 232 (2005). · DOI
  21. Diamanti, E., Takesue, H., Langrock, C., Fejer, M. M. & Yamamoto, Y. 100 km secure differential phase shift quantum key distribution with low jitter up-conversion detectors. Opt. Express 14, 13073–13082 (2006). · DOI
  22. Verevkin, A. et al. Detection efficiency of large-active area NbN single-photon superconducting detectors in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 4687–4689 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  23. Curty, M., Zhang, L.-L., Lo, H.-K. & Lütkenhaus, N. Sequential attacks against differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution with weak coherent states. Preprint at < http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0609094 > (2006). · arXiv
  24. Bennett, C. H., Brassard, G., Crépeau & Maurer, U. M. Generalized privacy amplification. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 41, 1915–1923 (1995). · DOI · Paper page
  25. Fasel, S. et al. High-quality asynchronous heralded single-photon source at telecom wavelength. New J. Phys. 6, 163 (2004). · DOI
  26. Trifonov, A. & Zavriyev, A. Secure communication with a heralded single-photon source. J. Opt. B 7, S772–S777 (2005). · doi:10.1088/1464-4266/7/12/050
  27. Soujaeff, A. et al. Quantum key distribution at 1550 nm using a pulse heralded single photon source. Opt. Express 15, 726–734 (2007). · DOI
  28. Hadfield, R. H. et al. Single photon source characterization with a superconducting single photon detector. Opt. Express 13, 10846–10853 (2005). · DOI
  29. Il'in, K. S. et al. Picosecond hot-electron energy relaxation in NbN superconducting photodetectors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2752–2754 (2000). · DOI
  30. Kurtsiefer, C. et al. A step towards global key distribution. Nature 419, 450 (2002). · DOI · Paper page
  31. Ursin, R. et al. Free-space distribution of entanglement and single photons over 144 km. Preprint at < http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0607182 > (2006). · arXiv
  32. Schmitt-Manderback, T. et al. Experimental demonstration of free-space decoy-state quantum key distribution over 144 km. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 010504 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
  33. Collins, R. J., Hadfield, R. H., Fernandez, V., Nam, S. W. & Buller, G. S. Low timing jitter detector for gigahertz quantum key distribution. Electron. Lett. 43, 180–182 (2007). · DOI
  34. Hiskett, P. A. et al. Long-distance quantum key distribution in optical fibre. New J. Phys. 8, 193 (2006). · DOI

Cited by

See all 758

Metadata

Authors
Takesue, H., Nam, S. W., Zhang, Q., Hadfield, R. H., Honjo, T., Tamaki, K., & Yamamoto, Y.
Venue
Nature Photonics
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2007-06
Volume
1
Issue
6
Pages
343-348
ISSN
  • 1749-4885 (ISSN-L)
  • 1749-4893
DOI
10.1038/nphoton.2007.75
OpenAlex
W2072220701
Cited by
758
References
5
FWCI
85.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Quantum key distribution over a 40-dB channel loss using superconducting single-photon detectors. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nphoton.2007.75
The paper
Takesue, H., Nam, S. W., Zhang, Q., Hadfield, R. H., Honjo, T., Tamaki, K., & Yamamoto, Y. (2007). Quantum key distribution over a 40-dB channel loss using superconducting single-photon detectors. Nature Photonics. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2007.75

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.