Spreading of silent chromatin: inaction at a distance
Abstract
One of the oldest unsolved problems in genetics is the observation that gene silencing can 'spread' along a chromosome. Although spreading has been widely perceived as a process of long-range assembly of heterochromatin proteins, such 'oozing' might not apply in most cases. Rather, long-range silencing seems to be a dynamic process, involving local diffusion of histone-modifying enzymes from source binding sites to low-affinity sites nearby. Discontinuous silencing might reflect looping interactions, whereas the spreading of continuous silencing might be driven by the processive movement of RNA or DNA polymerases. We review the evidence for the spreading of silencing in many contexts and organisms and conclude that multiple mechanisms have evolved that silence genes at a distance.
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There are well-described mechanisms for repressing and silencing loci.
“There are well-described mechanisms for repressing and silencing loci (for example, [54]), but the absolute efficacy of such mechanisms is unknown.”
From MicroRNAs show a wide diversity of expression profiles in the developing and mature central nervous system (2007) · cites this paper as [54]
Cites
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“Common components of heterochromatin include the Su(var)3-9 family of chromodomain -and SET domain-containing histone methyltransferases that methylate H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9) (Ref”
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Environmental epigenomics and disease susceptibility
Jirtle, R. L., & Skinner, M. K. (2007) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2045 · Cited by 2,492 · see citing works
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Confining euchromatin/heterochromatin territory: <i>jumonji</i> crosses the line
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Digging deep into “dirty” drugs – modulation of the methylation machinery
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“Keywords Acute myeloid leukemia, azacitidine, decitabine, DNA methylation, epigenetics, hypomethylating agents, myelodysplastic syndrome, transcriptional regulation History Received 12 October 2014 Revised 26 November 2014 Accepted 1 December 2014 Published online 8 January 2015”
Background
- Authors
- Talbert, P. B., & Henikoff, S.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Genetics
- Published
- 2006-10
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 793-803
- ISSN
- 1471-0056
- 1471-0064
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
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