Cited by 887Immunotherapy and Immune ResponsesAluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants and animalsImmune responses and vaccinations

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Towards an understanding of the adjuvant action of aluminium

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Marrack, Philippa, McKee, Amy S., Munks, Michael W.·2009·Nature Reviews Immunology

DOI 10.1038/nri2510PMC PMC3147301

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Abstract

The efficacy of vaccines depends on the presence of an adjuvant in conjunction with the antigen. Of these adjuvants, the ones that contain aluminium, which were first discovered empirically in 1926, are currently the most widely used. However, a detailed understanding of their mechanism of action has only started to be revealed. In this Timeline article, we briefly describe the initial discovery of aluminium adjuvants and discuss historically important advances. We also summarize recent progress in the field and discuss their implications and the remaining questions on how these adjuvants work.

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Authors: Marrack, P., McKee, A. S., & Munks, M. W.
Affiliations: Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Marrack, Philippa
ORCID: Marrack, Philippa
McKee, Amy S.
Munks, Michael W.
Venue: Nature Reviews Immunology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2009-04
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Pages: 287-293
ISSN: 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
1474-1741
DOI: 10.1038/nri2510
PMC: PMC3147301
OpenAlex: W1990954596
Cited by: 887
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 44 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 72 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 49
FWCI: 3.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Howard Hughes Medical Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI022295, R37AI018785)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants and animals
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Keywords: alum adjuvant, aluminum salts, vaccine adjuvants, adjuvant mechanisms, vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity
MeSH terms: NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Adsorption, Aluminum, Animals, Antibody Formation, Antigen-Presenting Cells, Antigens, Carrier Proteins, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Immunity, Innate, Aluminum Compounds, Models, Immunological, Caspase 1, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Mice, CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins

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Towards an understanding of the adjuvant action of aluminium

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