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DSM-5 and RDoC: progress in psychiatry research?
Open accessAbstract
Neuroscience studies into psychiatric disorders generally rely on disease definitions that are based on the influential Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the fifth edition of which (DSM-5) was released earlier this year. Designed as a purely diagnostic tool, the DSM considers different disorders as distinct entities. However, boundaries between disorders are often not as strict as the DSM suggests. To provide an alternative framework for research into psychiatric disorders, the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has recently introduced its Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project. In the RDoC, five 'domains' each reflect a brain system in which functioning is impaired, to different degrees, in different psychiatric conditions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience asked six leading investigators for their thoughts on how DSM-5 and the RDoC will influence neuroscience research into psychiatric disorders.
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“most phenotypes are based on clinical and behavioural symptomatology rather than on biological mechanism or aetiology22–24.”
From Systems biology and gene networks in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders (2015) · cites this paper as [22]
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Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: the seven pillars of RDoC
Cuthbert, B. N., & Insel, T. R. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-126 · Cited by 3,053
Self-citationA Genetic Variant BDNF Polymorphism Alters Extinction Learning in Both Mouse and Human
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Self-citationNeuroscience, Clinical Evidence, and the Future of Psychiatric Classification in DSM-5
Kupfer, D. J., & Regier, D. A. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11020219 · Cited by 245
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Kupfer, D. J., Kuhl, E. A., & Regier, D. A. (2013) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2013.2298 · Cited by 82
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Classification Systems across the Globe
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“The separation and dichotomization of psychopathology in the DSM has been frequently critiqued 43-46 .”
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Changing goals and changing models
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Shifting and conflicting models
Heinrichs, D. W. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198960720.003.0006
Heinrichs, D. W. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198960720.002.0002
Heinrichs, D. W. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198960720.003.0005
Does evidence-based medicine provide a clinical method?
Heinrichs, D. W. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198960720.003.0002
Heinrichs, D. W. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198960720.003.0001
The role of models in clinical reasoning
Heinrichs, D. W. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198960720.003.0003
Heinrichs, D. W. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198960720.002.0006
Heinrichs, D. W. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198960720.002.0007
How Psychiatrists Make Decisions
Heinrichs, D. W. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780198960720.001.0001
Justifying knowledge claims in psychiatric reasoning
Heinrichs, D. W. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198960720.003.0010
How we reason and make decisions
Heinrichs, D. W. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198960720.003.0008
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Thought Graph: Balancing Specificity and Uncertainty in LLM-Based Gene Set Annotation
Cox, K., Qu, G., Hsu, C.-Y., Xu, J., Zhou, Y., Tan, Z., Hu, M., Chen, T., Hu, Z., Zhao, Z., et al. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI) · doi:10.1109/ichi64645.2025.00060
“Additionally, the Thought Graph framework aligns well with the RDoC framework [39], offering insights into the neurobehavioral implications of genetic variations and providing a structured means to navigate the interplay between genetic data and inherent biological uncertainties.”
DO XAMÃ AO DIVÃ: Psicoterapia assistida por psicodélicos
De Nadai, F. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14561862
Bai, W., Yamashita, O., Sakai, Y., & Yoshimoto, J. (2026) · npj Systems Biology and Applications · doi:10.1038/s41540-026-00699-y
“This has been further bolstered by large-scale, cross-institutional efforts to collect multi-disorder MRI data, including the UK Biobank 13 , the RDoC initiative 4 , and the Brain/MINDS Beyond project 14 .”
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Etiology: Contributing Factors
Sunzeri, F. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14465-2_3
Chapter 1. Conceptualization (and Failed Concepts)
(2024) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9798894551937.lg01
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Patient Stratification in Psychiatry: Current and Future Approaches
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Metadata
- Authors
- Casey, B. J., Craddock, N., Cuthbert, B. N., Hyman, S. E., Lee, F. S., & Ressler, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Casey, B. J.
- Craddock, Nick
- Cuthbert, Bruce N.
- Hyman, Steven E.
- Lee, Francis S.
- Ressler, Kerry J.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-10-18
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 810-814
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- PMC
- PMC4372467
- OpenAlex
- W1997159235
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 236.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH079513)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS052819)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- DSM-5, Research Domain Criteria, psychiatric classification, dimensional psychiatry, diagnostic criteria, psychiatric neuroscience, mental illness, National Institute of Mental Health
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Brain, Humans, National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.), Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatry, United States, Biomedical Research, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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