The longitudinal association from obesity to depression: results from the 12-year National Population Health Survey
Open accessAbstract
Prior observational studies have investigated the association between obesity and depression but evidence remains weak and mixed. There has been a call for high-quality longitudinal studies to elucidate the etiologic relationship from obesity to depression. The main objective of this study was therefore to investigate whether obesity was a risk factor for depression in a nationally representative sample followed for 12 years. Seven waves of data collection (1994-1995 to 2006-2007) were obtained from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS). Our analyses included 10,545 adults without depression at baseline. Past-year major depression episode (MDE) was assessed from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form for Major Depression (CIDI-SFMD). Obesity was estimated using baseline BMI from self-reported weight and height (obesity: BMI > or =30 kg/m(2)). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated and Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was used to estimate the risk of MDE by obesity status, controlling for sociodemographic and health and lifestyle variables. We found that obesity at baseline did not significantly predict subsequent MDE in women (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-1.26) and negatively predicted MDE in men (HR: 0.71, CI 0.51-0.98), after adjusting for important confounders. In summary, our findings suggest that obesity is a significant (negative) predictor of depression in adult men but not in women. These results moderate prior evidence supporting a positive link from obesity to depression.
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Obesity heightens the odds of an anxiety disorder by 30%.
“A similar positive relationship is observed with anxiety: obesity heightens the odds of an anxiety disorder or anxiety symptoms (e.g., dread, unease) by 30% and 40%, respectively [1,20].”
From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
Obesity heightens the odds of anxiety symptoms by 40%.
“A similar positive relationship is observed with anxiety: obesity heightens the odds of an anxiety disorder or anxiety symptoms (e.g., dread, unease) by 30% and 40%, respectively [1,20].”
From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
Diabetes is associated with a 20% higher risk of developing an anxiety disorder.
“Diabetes is associated with a 48% greater likelihood of anxiety symptoms and a 20% higher risk of developing an anxiety disorder [20].”
From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
Diabetes is associated with a 48% greater likelihood of anxiety symptoms.
“Diabetes is associated with a 48% greater likelihood of anxiety symptoms and a 20% higher risk of developing an anxiety disorder [20].”
From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
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The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence
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- Authors
- Gariepy, G., Wang, J., Lesage, A. D., & Schmitz, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CA)
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Schmitz, Norbert
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1033-1038
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- OpenAlex
- W2019721067
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (79464_1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- depression, major depressive episode, body mass index, sex differences, risk factors, longitudinal associations, National Population Health Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Canada, Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Social Support, Health Behavior, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Patient Selection
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