Depressive symptoms, anxiety and well-being among metabolic health obese subtypes
Abstract
Background The metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype is characterized by favorable lipid and inflammatory profiles, preserved insulin sensitivity and normal blood pressure. Limited data regards whether metabolically healthy obesity also confers beneficial effects on mental health and well-being exists.Methods We investigated depressive symptoms, anxiety and well-being among metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese and non-obese adults from a cross-sectional sample of 2047 middle-aged Irish men and women. Subjects were classified as obese (BMI ≥30kg/m(2)) and non-obese (BMI <30kg/m(2)). Metabolic health status was defined using three metabolic health definitions based on a range of cardiometabolic abnormalities including metabolic syndrome criteria, insulin resistance and inflammation. Depressive symptoms, anxiety and well-being were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the World Health Organization (WHO)-5 Well Being Index.Results Relative to the metabolically healthy non-obese individuals the risk of anxiety and depressive symptoms was greater among the metabolically unhealthy obese subjects (odds ratios (ORs) 1.63-1.66 and ORs 1.82-1.83 for anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively depending on metabolic health definition). Increased risk of these conditions was not observed among the MHO subjects.Conclusions Our data suggest that a favorable metabolic profile is positively associated with mental health among obese middle-aged adults, although findings were dependent on metabolic health definition. Improved understanding of the relationship between obesity associated metabolic health subtypes, anxiety and depressive symptoms may inform future targeted screening and interventions for those at greatest risk of adverse mental and cardiometabolic health outcomes.
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In obese individuals, decreased insulin sensitivity correlates significantly with greater depressive and anxiety symptomology.
“In obese individuals, decreased insulin sensitivity correlates significantly with greater depressive and anxiety symptomology [122,123].”
From The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence (2022) · cites this paper as [122]
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The menace of obesity to depression and anxiety prevalence
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- Authors
- Phillips, C. M., & Perry, I. J.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Phillips, Catherine M.
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-12
- Volume
- 62
- Pages
- 47-53
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1830630820
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Health Research Board
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically unhealthy obesity, depressive symptoms, anxiety, well-being, mental health, obesity phenotypes, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, inflammation, middle-aged adults
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Health Status, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Obesity, Personal Satisfaction, Body Mass Index
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