Glucose metabolism and diet predict changes in adiposity and fat distribution in weight-reduced women
Open accessAbstract
Among obesity-prone individuals, metabolic state may interact with diet in determining body composition. We tested the hypotheses that, among 103 weight-reduced women over 1 year, (i) insulin sensitivity would be positively associated with change in %fat; (ii) this association would be modulated by dietary glycemic load (GL); and (iii) changes in fat distribution would be related to indexes of glucose metabolism. Insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, fasting and postchallenge insulin and glucose, and glucose tolerance were assessed during intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Changes in %fat and fat distribution were examined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. Dietary GL was assessed on 67 women using food records. On average, women showed a +5.3 +/- 3.0% change in %fat over 1 year, with the magnitude of this change being greater in relatively insulin sensitive women (+6.0 +/- 0.4%, mean +/- s.e.m.) than in relatively insulin resistant women (+4.4 +/- 0.4 kg; P < 0.05). Women who were relatively insulin sensitive and who consumed a higher GL diet showed a +6.8 +/- 0.7% change in %fat, which was greater than those who were less insulin sensitive, regardless of diet (P < 0.05), but did not differ from women who were relatively insulin sensitive and who consumed a lower GL diet (P = 0.105). Changes in intra-abdominal and deep subcutaneous abdominal fat were inversely associated with the postchallenge decline in serum glucose. In conclusion, greater insulin sensitivity may predispose to adiposity among weight reduced women, an effect that may be ameliorated by a lower GL diet. The potential association between indexes of glucose disposal and changes in fat distribution warrants further study.
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The impact of dietary carbohydrate on metabolism may differ with individual phenotype.
“The impact of dietary carbohydrate on metabolism may differ with individual phenotype.”
From A Lower-Carbohydrate, Higher-Fat Diet Reduces Abdominal and Intermuscular Fat and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [15]
The degree of insulin sensitivity and the amount of insulin secreted after a glucose challenge affect the extent to which dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality affect change in body weight and body composition over 12-18 months.
“We and others have reported that the degree of insulin sensitivity and the amount of insulin secreted after a glucose challenge affect the extent to which dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality affect the change in body weight and body composition over 12-18 mo (15)(16)(17)(18).”
From A Lower-Carbohydrate, Higher-Fat Diet Reduces Abdominal and Intermuscular Fat and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [15]
Insulin sensitivity was selected as a covariate because it interacts with diet composition in determining changes in body composition over time.
“Insulin sensitivity was selected as a covariate because it interacts with diet composition in determining changes in body composition over time (15,16).”
From A Lower-Carbohydrate, Higher-Fat Diet Reduces Abdominal and Intermuscular Fat and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [15]
Individuals who are more sensitive to insulin, or who secrete a greater amount of insulin in response to a glucose challenge, appear to be more sensitive to the stimulatory effects of dietary carbohydrate on fat deposition.
“Individuals who are more sensitive to insulin, or who secrete a greater amount of insulin in response to a glucose challenge, appear to be more sensitive to the stimulatory effects of dietary carbohydrate on fat deposition.”
From A Lower-Carbohydrate, Higher-Fat Diet Reduces Abdominal and Intermuscular Fat and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Gower, B. A., Hunter, G. R., Chandler‐Laney, P. C., Alvarez, J. A., & Bush, N. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gower, Barbara A.
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1532-1537
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC3070365
- OpenAlex
- W2009956394
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 0.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5ul1rr025777-04, 5p60dk079626-05)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P60-DK-079626, R01DK049779, R01DK051684, P30DK056336)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1-RR-025777, M01RR000032)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- insulin sensitivity, glycemic load, weight loss, adiposity, body fat distribution, glucose metabolism, glucose effectiveness, glucose tolerance, intra-abdominal fat, subcutaneous abdominal fat, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Blood Glucose, Diet, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Weight Loss, Diet Records, Glycemic Index, Abdominal Fat, Adiposity
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