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Cited by 72Diet, Metabolism, and DiseaseDiet and metabolism studiesRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Carbohydrate balance predicts weight and fat gain in adults

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Eckel, Robert H, Hernandez, Teri L, Bell, Melanie L, Weil, Kathleen M, Shepard, Trudy Y, Grunwald, Gary K, Sharp, Teresa A, Francis, Coni C +1 more·2006·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/83.4.803
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Abstract

Background The prevention and treatment of obesity is a public health challenge.Objective We investigated the effects of dietary composition, insulin sensitivity (S(I)), and energy balance on predicted changes in body composition.Design In a randomized crossover design study, 39 normal-weight (n = 23), overweight (n = 8), and obese (n = 8) men and women (aged 25-36 y) each followed a 15-d isocaloric high-fat (HF; 50% fat) and high-carbohydrate [HC; 55% carbohydrate (CHO)] diet with a 4-6-wk washout period during the first year. During each treatment, energy balance was measured while the subjects were inactive by using indirect calorimetry on day 15, and S(I) was measured by using a euglycemic clamp study (40 mU . m(-2) . min(-1)) on day 16. Weight and body composition were then measured annually for 4 y. The outcomes for fat mass, percentage body fat, and weight were measured by using a linear 2-stage mixed model.Results CHO balance (day 15) and S(I) (day 16) on the HC diet were highly and significantly correlated (r = 0.55, P < 0.001). On the HC diet, the subjects who had a higher positive CHO balance (day 15) gained less fat mass (P < 0.001), percentage body fat (P = 0.006), and weight (P = 0.024) over time. When adjusted for S(I), CHO balance remained a significant predictor of changes in fat mass (P = 0.021) and percentage body fat (P = 0.025).Conclusions On a HC diet, the subjects who had a higher positive CHO balance on day 15 while they were inactive gained less fat mass during 4 y, a predictive effect independent of S(I). As suggested in rodents, the capacity to expand the glycogen pool might reduce energy intake and protect against fat and weight gain.

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  • Increased export of triglyceride from the liver to peripheral and visceral adipose tissue in the form of VLDL may predispose these insulin-resistant individuals to abdominal obesity.

    “Increased export of triglyceride from the liver to the peripheral and visceral adipose tissue in the form of VLDL may also predispose these insulin-resistant individuals to abdominal obesity (25).”

    From The role of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (2007) · cites this paper as [25]

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Authors
Eckel, R. H., Hernandez, T. L., Bell, M. L., Weil, K. M., Shepard, T. Y., Grunwald, G. K., Sharp, T. A., Francis, C. C., & Hill, J. O.
Affiliations
University of Colorado Denver (US)
Corresponding author
Eckel, Robert H
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-04
Volume
83
Issue
4
Pages
803-808
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/83.4.803
OpenAlex
W2156394201
Cited by
72
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 14
FWCI
2.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01dk046881-05)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30 DK 48520-01, R01 DK 46881, P30DK048520)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000051)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
carbohydrate balance, dietary carbohydrates, insulin sensitivity, energy balance, fat gain, body fat percentage, weight gain, obesity prevention, high-fat diet, high-carbohydrate diet, euglycemic clamp, isocaloric diet
MeSH terms
Adipose Tissue, Adult, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Energy Intake, Calorimetry, Indirect, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Energy Metabolism, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Insulin, Male, Obesity, Predictive Value of Tests, Glucose Clamp Technique, Weight Gain, Exercise, Linear Models, Cross-Over Studies

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