Improvements in Coronary Heart Disease Risk Indicators by Alternate‐Day Fasting Involve Adipose Tissue Modulations
Open accessAbstract
The ability of alternate‐day fasting (ADF) to modulate adipocyte parameters in a way that is protective against coronary heart disease (CHD) has yet to be tested. Accordingly, we examined the effects of ADF on adipokine profile, body composition, and CHD risk indicators in obese adults. Sixteen obese subjects (12 women/4 men) participated in a 10‐week trial with three consecutive dietary intervention phases: (i) 2‐week baseline control phase, (ii) 4‐week ADF controlled feeding phase, and (iii) 4‐week ADF self‐selected feeding phase. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight and waist circumference were reduced (P < 0.05) by 5.7 ± 0.9 kg, and 4.0 ± 0.9 cm, respectively. Fat mass decreased (P < 0.05) by 5.4 ± 0.8 kg, whereas fat‐free mass did not change. Plasma adiponectin was augmented (P < 0.05) by 30% from baseline. Leptin and resistin concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) by 21 and 23%, respectively, post treatment. Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and triacylglycerol concentrations were 25% and 32% lower (P < 0.05), respectively, after 8 weeks of ADF. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), C‐reactive protein, and homocysteine concentrations did not change. Decreases in LDL‐C were related to increased adiponectin (r = −0.61, P = 0.01) and reduced waist circumference (r = 0.39, P = 0.04). Lower triacylglycerol concentrations were associated with augmented adiponectin (r = −0.39, P = 0.04) and reduced leptin concentrations (r = 0.45, P = 0.03) post‐treatment. These findings suggest that adipose tissue parameters may play an important role in mediating the cardioprotective effects of ADF in obese humans.
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The waist circumference results agree with earlier reports for alternate-day fasting and short-term exercise.
“These findings for waist circumference are in line with what has been reported previously for ADF (27) and short-term exercise interventions (22,28).”
From Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
One study found possible lean mass retention after 8 weeks of alternate-day fasting.
“Although one study indicates a possible retention in lean mass with 8 weeks of ADF (27)”
From Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
Prior alternate-day fasting studies consistently show lower LDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations.
“Previous studies of ADF consistently demonstrate reductions in LDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (6,8,27).”
From Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
The literature on alternate-day fasting and lean mass is inconsistent.
“On the contrary, the effects of ADF on lean mass are equivocal.”
From Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Bhutani, S., Klempel, M. C., Berger, R. A., & Varady, K. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Varady, Krista A.
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2152-2159
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- OpenAlex
- W2064528840
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- alternate-day fasting, coronary heart disease risk, adipose tissue, adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, body composition, waist circumference, cardioprotection
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Body Composition, Coronary Disease, Diet, Reducing, Fasting, Female, Humans, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Weight Loss, Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Adipokines, Waist Circumference
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