Intermittent Hypoxia Exacerbates Metabolic Effects of Diet‐Induced Obesity
Open accessAbstract
Obesity causes insulin resistance (IR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the relative contribution of sleep apnea is debatable. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a hallmark of sleep apnea, on IR and NAFLD in lean mice and mice with diet‐induced obesity (DIO). Mice (C57BL/6J), 6–8 weeks of age were fed a high fat (n = 18) or regular (n = 16) diet for 12 weeks and then exposed to CIH or control conditions (room air) for 4 weeks. At the end of the exposure, fasting (5 h) blood glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, liver enzymes, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (1 g/kg) were measured. In DIO mice, body weight remained stable during CIH and did not differ from control conditions. Lean mice under CIH were significantly lighter than control mice by day 28 (P = 0.002). Compared to lean mice, DIO mice had higher fasting levels of blood glucose, plasma insulin, the HOMA index, and had glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis at baseline. In lean mice, CIH slightly increased HOMA index (from 1.79 ± 0.13 in control to 2.41 ± 0.26 in CIH; P = 0.05), whereas glucose tolerance was not affected. In contrast, in DIO mice, CIH doubled HOMA index (from 10.1 ± 2.1 in control to 22.5 ± 3.6 in CIH; P < 0.01), and induced severe glucose intolerance. In DIO mice, CIH induced NAFLD, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which was not observed in lean mice. In conclusion, CIH exacerbates IR and induces steatohepatitis in DIO mice, suggesting that CIH may account for metabolic dysfunction in obesity.
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Repeated episodes of hypoxia, either from obstructive sleep apnea or experimental induction, result in elevation of blood pressure and altered metabolic function.
“Repeated episodes of hypoxia, either occurring as a result of obstructive sleep apnea 35 or because of experimental induction, both result in elevation of blood pressure 36 and altered metabolic function.37”
From Rapid Onset of Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activation in Rabbits Fed a High-Fat Diet (2012) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Drager, L. F., Li, J., Reinke, C., Bevans‐Fonti, S., Jun, J. C., & Polotsky, V. Y.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Polotsky, Vsevolod Y.
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2167-2174
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC4461029
- OpenAlex
- W2079520227
- Cited by
- 208
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 9.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL080105, HL-080105, HL-07534, P50HL084945, T32HL007534)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK072488)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Keywords
- intermittent hypoxia, sleep apnea, diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, impaired glucose tolerance, oxidative stress, liver inflammation, high-fat diet, metabolic dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Hypoxia, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Diet, Fasting, Fatty Liver, Inflammation, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Obese, Obesity, Lipid Peroxidation, Glucose Intolerance, Oxidative Stress, Mice, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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