Adipose triglyceride lipase and the lipolytic catabolism of cellular fat stores.
Open accessAbstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of all lipid classes and pivotal substrates for energy production in all vertebrates. Additionally, they act directly or indirectly as signaling molecules and, when bonded to amino acid side chains of peptides, anchor proteins in biological membranes. In vertebrates, FAs are predominantly stored in the form of triacylglycerol (TG) within lipid droplets of white adipose tissue. Lipid droplet-associated TGs are also found in most nonadipose tissues, including liver, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle. The mobilization of FAs from all fat depots depends on the activity of TG hydrolases. Currently, three enzymes are known to hydrolyze TG, the well-studied hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoglyceride lipase (MGL), discovered more than 40 years ago, as well as the relatively recently identified adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). The phenotype of HSL- and ATGL-deficient mice, as well as the disease pattern of patients with defective ATGL activity (due to mutation in ATGL or in the enzyme's activator, CGI-58), suggest that the consecutive action of ATGL, HSL, and MGL is responsible for the complete hydrolysis of a TG molecule. The complex regulation of these enzymes by numerous, partially uncharacterized effectors creates the "lipolysome," a complex metabolic network that contributes to the control of lipid and energy homeostasis. This review focuses on the structure, function, and regulation of lipolytic enzymes with a special emphasis on ATGL.
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Insulin suppresses lipolysis by increasing the activity of phosphodiesterase 3B, leading to decreased cAMP-mediated activation of protein kinase A and consequently reduced phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin.
“Insulin suppresses lipolysis by increasing the activity of phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B), leading to decreased cAMP-mediated activation of protein kinase A (PKA), and, consequently, reduced phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin (PLIN).”
From Effect of Exercise Training on Fat Loss—Energetic Perspectives and the Role of Improved Adipose Tissue Function and Body Fat Distribution (2021) · cites this paper as Zechner et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Zechner, R., Kienesberger, P. C., Haemmerle, G., Zimmermann, R., & Lass, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Graz (AT)
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-21
- ISSN
- 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055651091
- Cited by
- 576
- References
- 217
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 3.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, monoglyceride lipase, lipolysis, lipid droplets, triacylglycerol mobilization, CGI-58, energy homeostasis, fatty acid mobilization
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Sterol Esterase, Fatty Acids, Humans, Hydrolases, Hydrolysis, Lipase, Lipids, Lipolysis, Metabolism, Monoacylglycerol Lipases, Mutation, Phenotype, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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