Brain growth in the NICU: critical periods of tissue-specific expansion
Open accessAbstract
ObjectiveTo examine, using serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), total and tissue-specific brain growth in very-preterm (VPT) infants during the period that coincides with the early and late stages of the third trimester.MethodsStructural MRI scans were collected from two prospective cohorts of VPT infants (≤30 weeks of gestation). A total of 51 MRI scans from 18 VPT subjects were available for volumetric analysis. Brain tissue was classified into cerebrospinal fluid, cortical gray matter, myelinated and unmyelinated white matter, deep nuclear gray matter, and cerebellum. Nine infants had sufficient serial scans to allow comparison of tissue growth during the periods corresponding to the early and late stages of the third trimester.ResultsTissue-specific differences in ex utero brain growth trajectories were observed in the period corresponding to the third trimester. Most notably, there was a marked increase in cortical gray matter expansion from 34 to 40 weeks of postmenstrual age, emphasizing this critical period of brain development.ConclusionUtilizing serial MRI to document early brain development in VPT infants, this study documents regional differences in brain growth trajectories ex utero during the period corresponding to the first and second half of the third trimester, providing novel insight into the maturational vulnerability of the rapidly expanding cortical gray matter in the NICU.
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Parents' psychosocial experiences become embedded in the future child's neurobiology, and parents influence children's neurodevelopment before birth.
“As DOHaD data demonstrate, parents’ psycho-social experiences are embedded in the future child’s neurobiology. Parents affect children’s neurodevelopment before birth.”
From The transition to parenthood in obstetrics: enhancing prenatal care for 2-generation impact (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
Biological cues tied to the pregnant parent's health, lifestyle, nutrition, social circumstances, and mental state, which a co-parent can also influence, help shape the fetal brain.
“The fetal brain is shaped, in part, by adaptation to biological cues related to the pregnant parent’s well-being, lifestyle, nutritional status, social factors, and mental health (each of which a co-parent can affect).11-15”
From The transition to parenthood in obstetrics: enhancing prenatal care for 2-generation impact (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
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LATE PRETERM INFANTS: CHARACTERISTICS OF NEONATAL ADAPTATION AND LONG-TERM OUTCOMES
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- Authors
- Matthews, L. G., Walsh, B. H., Knutsen, C., Neil, J. J., Smyser, C. D., Rogers, C. E., & Inder, T. E.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Inder, Terrie E
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pediatric Research
- Published
- 2018-02-07
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 976-981
- ISSN
- 0031-3998 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0447
- PMC
- PMC6054136
- OpenAlex
- W2783872230
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 5.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Pediatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000448, UL1TR002345)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH113570, K23MH105179, R37MH113570)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (K02NS089852)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD061619, R01HD057098, U54HD087011, P30HD062171)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- brain growth, very preterm infants, third trimester, white matter, cerebellum, cerebrospinal fluid, brain development, critical period, neonatal intensive care
- MeSH terms
- Birth Weight, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Organ Size, Patient Discharge, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Prospective Studies, White Matter, Gray Matter
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