Relationship between vitamin D status and the vaginal microbiome during pregnancy
Open accessAbstract
Objective Evidence supports an inverse association between vitamin D and bacterial vaginosis (BV) during pregnancy. Furthermore, both the vaginal microbiome and vitamin D status correlate with pregnancy outcome. Women of African ancestry are more likely to experience BV, to be vitamin D deficient, and to have certain pregnancy complications. We investigated the association between vitamin D status and the vaginal microbiome.Study design Subjects were assigned to a treatment (4400 IU) or a control group (400 IU vitamin D daily), sampled three times during pregnancy, and vaginal 16S rRNA gene taxonomic profiles and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were examined.Result Gestational age and ethnicity were significantly associated with the microbiome. Megasphaera correlated negatively (p = 0.0187) with 25(OH)D among women of African ancestry. Among controls, women of European ancestry exhibited a positive correlation between plasma 25(OH)D and L. crispatus abundance.Conclusion Certain vaginal bacteria are associated with plasma 25(OH)D concentration.
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The PTB-associated vaginal taxa were also associated with low levels of vitamin D.
“Notably, these taxa were also associated with low levels of vitamin D63”
From The Integrative Human Microbiome Project (2019) · cites this paper as [63]
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Self-citationEffect of Vitamin D on the Proliferation and Barrier of Atrophic Vaginal Epithelial Cells
Li, D., Zhang, T., Yang, H., Yang, W., Zhang, C., & Gao, G. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28186605 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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Self-citationGroup B Streptococcus and the vaginal microbiome among pregnant women: a systematic review
Lim, S., Rajagopal, S., Jeong, Y. R., Nzegwu, D., & Wright, M. L. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.11437 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
FokI vitamin D receptor polymorphism as a protective factor in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Wolski, H., Kurzawińska, G., Ożarowski, M., Drews, K., Barlik, M., Piątek, K., Malewski, Z., Mrozikiewicz, A. E., Magiełda-Stola, J., Kolanowska, D., et al. (2020) · Ginekologia Polska · doi:10.5603/gp.a2020.0135 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ghaly, S., Hart, P. H., & Lawrance, I. C. (2019) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1080/17474124.2019.1685874 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Grimm, M. B., dos Passos, P. S., Costa, S. B., Nogueira, J. L. L., Caramori, M. L. A., Lopes, I. P., de Paula, U., & Bagno, M. R. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001008 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Diet influences community dynamics following vaginal group B streptococcus colonization
Megli, C., DePuyt, A. E., Goff, J. P., Munyoki, S. K., Hooven, T. A., & Jašarević, E. (2024) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.03623-23 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Self-citationFeatures of the 1st trimester of pregnancy course with severe deficiency of 25(OH)D
Bakleicheva, M. O. B., Bespalova, O. N., & Kovaleva, I. (2021) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.2006527 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effect of Vitamin D Level on Female Vaginitis in Xi’an, China
Guan, J., Dong, Y., Zhang, W., Gui, Q., Luo, D., Wen, H., Dang, X., Liang, D., Hu, S., Zhang, Y., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s481539 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The microbiome in a healthy pregnancy
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Vargas-Robles, D., Yap, Y. R., Singha, B., Tien, J., Purandare, M., Rojas-Correa, M., Madziar, C., Picker, M., Dumont, T., Leftwich, H. K., et al. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0335178 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on the Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Outcome
(2024) · The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.21608/ejhm.2024.342687 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Vargas-Robles, D., Yap, Y. R., Singha, B., Tien, J., Purandare, M., Rojas-Correa, M., Madziar, C., Picker, M., Dumont, T., Leftwich, H. K., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.23.590846 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Vitamin D supplementation in bacterial vaginosis
Татарчук, Т. Ф., Kaluginа, L. V., Kvasha, T. I., & Mnevets, R. O. (2023) · Reproductive Endocrinology · doi:10.18370/2309-4117.2023.68.36-42 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kozhevnikova, S. V., Elmes, M. J., Brameld, J. M., & Jethwa, P. H. (2025) · Academia Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.20935/acadnutr7573 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dietary Influence on Bacterial Vaginosis
Ram, D., Julakanti, P., Atiquzzaman, N. T., Nagy, S. S., Lin, A. Y., & Kesselman, M. M. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.93506 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gajjar, D., & Seshadri, S. (2025) · Exploration of Immunology · doi:10.37349/ei.2025.1003223 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Vitamin D Status as a Late Pregnancy Biomarker of Perceived Stress
Andrade, M. F., Borsum, A. G., Gregoski, M. J., Ebeling, M. D., Shary, J., Hewison, M., Hollis, B. W., & Wagner, C. L. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17223553 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationVitamin D and its role in human milk oligosaccharide production
Mead, M. J., Woollen, S. T., Gregoski, M. J., Ebeling, M. D., Shary, J. R., Fürst, A., Spann, K., Chetta, K. E., Hollis, B. W., Baatz, J. E., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2026.107000 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessment of the vitamin d levels effect on the course of the first trimester of pregnancy
Kovalevа, I. V., Bakleicheva, M. O. B., & Bespalova, O. N. (2022) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/2079-701x-2021-21-2-131-137 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
EFICÁCIA DO TRATAMENTO DE NEUROFEEDBACK EM CRIANÇAS COM TDAH: UMA REVISÃO LITERÁRIA
Pinheiro, S. M., Gratival, C. L., Peterle, J. A., Teixeira, R. S., Caiado, Y. S., Morais, G. V., Drumond, L. C. P., & Paulo, M. S. L. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001022 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
New supplementation proposals for pregnant women with foetal cardiac diseases
Murlewska, J., Szlagor, M., & Respondek‐Liberska, M. (2020) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecological Investigations · doi:10.5114/jogi.2020.102498
Waynick, G. (2021) · Hollins Digital Commons (Hollins University)
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and vitamin D deficiency: case report
Dolgo-Saburova, Y. V. (2021) · Laboratory Service · doi:10.17116/labs20211002173
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO CONHECIMENTO ACERCA DOS DIAGNÓSTICOS DIFERENCIAIS DA HANSENÍASE: RELATO DE CASO
Biava, G. P., Tamarozzi, V. B., Dusso, I. G., Pirola, I. G., Spaziani, A. O., & Gaggini, M. C. R. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001017
VAGINOSES BACTERIANAS NA GESTAÇÃO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
de Oliveira, M. M., Campos, B. N., Martins, F. R., Machado, B. D., Ronzani, A. C. D. G., Viol, G. R., de Oliveira, L. R. B., Maciel, A. L. D. S., Junqueira, C. F. S., & Antunes, V. R. M. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001005
Corrêa, H. L., & Corrêa, D. G. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001006
SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE: A IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA PULSEIRA
da Costa, K. F., da Silva, A. C. C. R., dos Reis, T. L., Goulart, L. D. S., Freire, A. B. D. S., Messias, A. L. B., Ribeiro, E. S., & Andrade, Ú. V. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001021
AVALIAÇÃO DO ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE RECÉM-NASCIDOS PRÉ-TERMO EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL
Campos, J. D. O., da Silva, A. M., de Santana, M. S., Oliveira, T. L. P. S. D. A., Rocha, C. S. D. A., da Silva, A. R., da Silva, G. M., da Silva, J. S., Pereira, C. S. D. S. P. A., & Carvalho, M. F. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.0001004
O CONHECIMENTO ACERCA DO SUPORTE BÁSICO DE VIDA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
da Silva, B. K. M., Tassara, K. R., Ansaloni, L. V. S., de Moraes, P. H. A., de Oliveira, R. A., & Matias, P. R. D. S. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001027
PERFIL DAS PUÉRPERAS TRANSFUNDIDAS EM UMA MATERNIDADE PÚBLICA NA CIDADE DE FORTALEZA-CE
Arruda, A. B. D. L., Lima, C. M. C., Arruda, A. A. D. L., Gondim, Y. M., Maia, A. E., Dias, A. V. D. C., Maia, I. D. F. V. C., & Lima, N. S. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001026
IMPLICAÇÕES CARDIOVASCULARES NA COVID-19: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Egídio, A. N., Junqueira, C. F. S., Martins, F. R., de Oliveira, L. R. B., Campos, B. N., Antunes, V. R. M., Torres, V. P., & Fabri, J. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001019
Soares, I. M. S. C., Freire, K. B. A., & de Lima, M. M. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001028
VERIFICAÇÃO DA APLICABILIDADE DE ALGUNS PRINCÍPIOS E DIRETRIZES DO SUS EM SERVIÇO DE ATENÇÃO BÁSICA
Tarraf, A. C. C., da Luz, L. E. O., Zanotti, L. F., Banzatto, S., & Romão, G. S. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001025
Melillo, B. C. D. D. L., de Morais, P. L. M. Á., Aleixo, T. B., Machado, R. R. P., & Figueiredo, A. C. D. S. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001012
PACIENTES GERIÁTRICOS: FOCO NA AUTOMEDICAÇÃO
de Araújo, I. G., da Silva, D. M. R., Carlos, E. R. C., Rocha, S. M., & de Morais, A. C. L. N. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001011
de Lira, T. M. L., Alves, A. A., & Valênça, M. M. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001010
A RELAÇÃO DA OBESIDADE COM OS ÓBITOS POR COVID-19: ANÁLISE DOS NÚMEROS DA PANDEMIA NO BRASIL
Dias, A. B. S., Ferreira, I. S., Silveira, J. V. T., de Melo, J. C., Rodrigues, J. F., Botelho, J. T. M., Casagrande, K. A., Silva, L. L., de Oliveira, M. M., Gomes, M. E., et al. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001015
SÍNDROME DE OGILVIE EM PACIENTE CARDIOPATA: RELATO DE CASO
Oliveira, R. M. D. M., Spaziani, A. O., Vicentini, J. V. S., Rocha, N. F., da Silva, D. P. T., Morete, V. D. A., Pereira, M. Z. D. O., Diogo, L. D. F., Carvalho, H. A. P. P. D., Alves, L. R., et al. (2021) · Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks · doi:10.35587/brj.ed.00001016
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HIV: AS PATOLOGIAS ASSOCIADAS AO USO DA TERAPIA COM ANTIRRETROVIRAIS
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PROCESSO DE TRABALHO DA EQUIPE DE SAÚDE BUCAL NO MUNICIPIO DE NORDESTINA-BA
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RISCOS DA VAGINOSE BACTERIANA DURANTE GESTAÇÃO
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Vitamin D as a modifier of genomic function and phenotypic expression during pregnancy
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Self-citationPengaruh Suplementasi Vitamin D Bagi Ibu Hamil
Lazuardi, R. P. C., Rumawas, M. A., & Wijaya, D. (2023) · Jurnal MedScientiae · doi:10.36452/jmedscientiae.v2i3.2920
The Vaginal Microbiome: Key Roles in Reproductive and Systemic Health
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Estrobolome—Its Role in Women\'s Health
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How Does Diet Impact the Vaginal Microbiome?
Yazdy, G. M., Angela, K. C., Sampathkumar, H. D., Erchick, D. J., & Tuddenham, S. (2026) · Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports · doi:10.1007/s13669-026-00495-9
- Authors
- Jefferson, K. K., Parikh, H. I., Garcia, E. M., Edwards, D. J., Serrano, M. G., Hewison, M., Shary, J. R., Powell, A. M., Hollis, B. W., Fettweis, J. M., Strauss III, J. F., Buck, G. A., & Wagner, C. L.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Buck, Gregory A.
- Wagner, Carol L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Perinatology
- Published
- 2019-03-11
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 824-836
- ISSN
- 0743-8346 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5543
- PMC
- PMC6535112
- OpenAlex
- W2920797095
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 10.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Perinatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U54 DE023786, U54 DE023786-01)
- W.K. Kellogg Foundation (UL1 TR000062)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Keywords
- vitamin D status, vaginal microbiota, bacterial vaginosis, pregnancy, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Lactobacillus crispatus, Megasphaera, African ancestry, ethnicity, gestational age, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, plasma vitamin D
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Pregnancy, Vagina, Vitamin D, Vitamins, Vaginosis, Bacterial, Microbiota
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