Genome-wide meta-analysis of macronutrient intake of 91,114 European ancestry participants from the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology consortium
Open accessAbstract
Macronutrient intake, the proportion of calories consumed from carbohydrate, fat, and protein, is an important risk factor for metabolic diseases with significant familial aggregation. Previous studies have identified two genetic loci for macronutrient intake, but incomplete coverage of genetic variation and modest sample sizes have hindered the discovery of additional loci. Here, we expanded the genetic landscape of macronutrient intake, identifying 12 suggestively significant loci (P < 1 × 10-6) associated with intake of any macronutrient in 91,114 European ancestry participants. Four loci replicated and reached genome-wide significance in a combined meta-analysis including 123,659 European descent participants, unraveling two novel loci; a common variant in RARB locus for carbohydrate intake and a rare variant in DRAM1 locus for protein intake, and corroborating earlier FGF21 and FTO findings. In additional analysis of 144,770 participants from the UK Biobank, all identified associations from the two-stage analysis were confirmed except for DRAM1. Identified loci might have implications in brain and adipose tissue biology and have clinical impact in obesity-related phenotypes. Our findings provide new insight into biological functions related to macronutrient intake.
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Additional studies support a relationship between FGF21 and macronutrient intake, including associations with alcohol intake.
“Additional studies have since supported this relationship between FGF21 and macronutrient intake, including associations with alcohol intake”
From FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference (2020) · cites this paper as [175]
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- Authors
- Merino, J., Dashti, H. S., Li, S. X., Sarnowski, C., Justice, A. E., Graff, M., Papoutsakis, C., Smith, C. E., Dedoussis, G. V., Lemaitre, R. N., Wojczynski, M. K., Männistö, S., Ngwa, J. S., Kho, M., Ahluwalia, T. S., Pervjakova, N., Houston, D. K., Bouchard, C., Huang, T., Orho-Melander, M., Frazier-Wood, A. C., Mook-Kanamori, D. O., Pérusse, L., Pennell, C. E., de Vries, P. S., Voortman, T., Li, O., Kanoni, S., Rose, L. M., Lehtimäki, T., Zhao, J. H., Feitosa, M. F., Luan, J., McKeown, N. M., Smith, J. A., Hansen, T., Eklund, N., Nalls, M. A., Rankinen, T., Huang, J., Hernandez, D. G., Schulz, C.-A., Manichaikul, A., Li-Gao, R., Vohl, M.-C., Wang, C. A., van Rooij, F. J. A., Shin, J., Kalafati, I. P., Day, F., Ridker, P. M., Kähönen, M., Siscovick, D. S., Langenberg, C., Zhao, W., Astrup, A., Knekt, P., Garcia, M., Rao, D. C., Qi, Q., Ferrucci, L., Ericson, U., Blangero, J., Hofman, A., Pausova, Z., Mikkilä, V., Wareham, N. J., Kardia, S. L. R., Pedersen, O., Jula, A., Curran, J. E., Zillikens, M. C., Viikari, J. S., Forouhi, N. G., Ordovás, J. M., Lieske, J. C., Rissanen, H., Uitterlinden, A. G., Raitakari, O. T., Kiefte-de Jong, J. C., Dupuis, J., Rotter, J. I., North, K. E., Scott, R. A., Province, M. A., Perola, M., Cupples, L. A., Turner, S. T., Sørensen, T. I. A., Salomaa, V., Liu, Y., Sung, Y. J., Qi, L., Bandinelli, S., Rich, S. S., de Mutsert, R., Tremblay, A., Oddy, W. H., Franco, O. H., Paus, T., Florez, J. C., Deloukas, P., Lyytikäinen, L.-P., Chasman, D. I., Chu, A. Y., & Tanaka, T.
- Affiliations
- Broad Institute (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Boston University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Harokopio University of Athens (GR)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Peking University (CN)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Tampere University (FI)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology (CN)
- Lund University (SE)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Université Laval (CA)
- New York Academy of Medicine (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (US)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- University of Turku (FI)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- The Lundquist Institute (US)
- Tulane University (US)
- Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze (IT)
- University of Tasmania (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Toshiko
- ORCID
- Merino, Jordi
- Dashti, Hassan S.
- Li, Sherly X.
- Sarnowski, Chloé
- Justice, Anne E.
- Papoutsakis, Constantina
- Smith, Caren E.
- Dedoussis, George V.
- Wojczynski, Mary K.
- Männistö, Satu
- Ngwa, Julius S.
- Kho, Minjung
- Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S.
- Houston, Denise K.
- Bouchard, Claude
- Huang, Tao
- Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.
- Pérusse, Louis
- Pennell, Craig E.
- Voortman, Trudy
- Kanoni, Stavroula
- Rose, Lynda M.
- Lehtimäki, Terho
- Zhao, Jing Hua
- Feitosa, Mary F.
- Luan, Jian’an
- McKeown, Nicola M.
- Smith, Jennifer A.
- Hansen, Torben
- Nalls, Mike A.
- Huang, Jinyan
- Hernandez, Dena G.
- Schulz, Christina-Alexandra
- Manichaikul, Ani
- Vohl, Marie-Claude
- Wang, Carol A.
- Shin, Jean
- Kalafati, Ioanna P.
- Day, Felix
- Ridker, Paul M.
- Kähönen, Mika
- Siscovick, David S.
- Langenberg, Claudia
- Zhao, Wei
- Astrup, Arne
- Knekt, Paul
- Rao, D. C.
- Qi, Qibin
- Ferrucci, Luigi
- Ericson, Ulrika
- Blangero, John
- Pedersen, Oluf
- Curran, Joanne E.
- Zillikens, M. Carola
- Viikari, Jorma S.
- Forouhi, Nita G.
- Ordovás, José M.
- Lieske, John C.
- Rissanen, Harri
- Uitterlinden, André G.
- Raitakari, Olli T.
- Dupuis, Josée
- Rotter, Jerome I.
- North, Kari E.
- Province, Michael A.
- Perola, Markus
- Cupples, L. Adrienne
- Turner, Stephen T.
- Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.
- Salomaa, Veikko
- Qi, Lu
- Bandinelli, Stefania
- Rich, Stephen S.
- Tremblay, Angelo
- Oddy, Wendy H.
- Franco, Oscar H.
- Deloukas, Panos
- Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka
- Chasman, Daniel I.
- Chu, Audrey Y.
- Tanaka, Toshiko
- Venue
- Molecular Psychiatry
- Published
- 2018-07-09
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1920-1932
- ISSN
- 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5578
- PMC
- PMC6326896
- OpenAlex
- W2868396400
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- UTAS Research Repository (submittedVersion)
- ScholarWorks @ UTRGV (The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0512-10135, NF-SI-0617-10149)
- British Heart Foundation (RG/14/5/30893)
- Lundbeckfonden (R16-2007-1691)
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc25195-41-0-1)
- Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/5, MC_PC_13048, MC_UU_12015/2, MC_PC_17228, MC_UU_12015/1)
- National Institute on Aging (U01AG023746)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL112845, R01HL119443, N01-HC-025195, R01HL105756, K08HL112845, T32HL007055)
- National Eye Institute (T32EY022303)
- National Cancer Institute (U01CA182913)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K24DK110550)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Keywords
- macronutrient intake, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, dietary fat intake, genetic loci, retinoic acid receptor beta, DRAM1, FGF21, FTO, obesity, metabolic disorders, European ancestry, adipose tissue biology
- MeSH terms
- Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO, Nutrients, Aged, Aging, Energy Intake, Female, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Genotype, Heart Diseases, Humans, Male, Membrane Proteins, Middle Aged, Obesity, Cohort Studies, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genomics, White People, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Loci
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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