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Neuroinflammation is independently associated with brain network dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease

Leng, Fangda, Hinz, Rainer, Gentleman, Steve, Hampshire, Adam, Dani, Melanie, Brooks, David J., Edison, Paul·2023·Molecular Psychiatry
DOI 10.1038/s41380-022-01878-zPMC PMC10005956
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Abstract

Brain network dysfunction is increasingly recognised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the causes of brain connectivity disruption are still poorly understood. Recently, neuroinflammation has been identified as an important factor in AD pathogenesis. Microglia participate in the construction and maintenance of healthy neuronal networks, but pro-inflammatory microglia can also damage these circuits. We hypothesised that microglial activation is independently associated with brain connectivity disruption in AD. We performed a cross-sectional multimodal imaging study and interrogated the relationship between imaging biomarkers of neuroinflammation, Aβ deposition, brain connectivity and cognition. 42 participants (12 Aβ-positive MCI, 14 Aβ-positive AD and 16 Aβ-negative healthy controls) were recruited. Participants had 11 C-PBR28 and 18 F-flutemetamol PET to quantify Aβ deposition and microglial activation, T1-weighted, diffusion tensor and resting-state functional MRI to assess structural network and functional network. 11 C-PBR28 uptake, structural network integrity and functional network orgnisation were compared across diagnostic groups and the relationship between neuroinflammation and brain network was tested in 26 Aβ-positive patients. Increased 11 C-PBR28 uptake, decreased FA, network small-worldness and local efficiency were observed in AD patients. Cortical 11 C-PBR28 uptake correlated negatively with structural integrity (standardised β = −0.375, p = 0.037) and network local efficiency (standardised β = −0.468, p < 0.001), independent of cortical thickness and Aβ deposition, while Aβ was not. Network structural integrity, small-worldness and local efficiency, and cortical thickness were positively associated with cognition. Our findings suggest cortical neuroinflammation coincide with structural and functional network disruption independent of Aβ and cortical atrophy. These findings link the brain connectivity change and pathological process in Alzheimer’s disease, and suggest a pathway from neuroinflammation to systemic brain dysfunction.

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Metadata

Authors
Leng, F., Hinz, R., Gentleman, S., Hampshire, A., Dani, M., Brooks, D. J., & Edison, P.
ORCID
Venue
Molecular Psychiatry
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-12-06
Volume
28
Issue
3
Pages
1303-1311
ISSN
  • 1359-4184
  • 1476-5578
DOI
10.1038/s41380-022-01878-z
PMC
PMC10005956
Cited by
120
References
14
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • RCUK | Medical Research Council (WMCN_P33428)
  • Alzheimer’s Research UK (WMCN_P23750)
  • China Scholarship Council (201806010427)

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