Activation of GLP-1 receptors attenuates oxycodone taking and seeking without compromising the antinociceptive effects of oxycodone in rats
Open accessAbstract
Despite the effectiveness of current medications to treat opioid use disorder, there is still a high rate of relapse following detoxification. Thus, there is critical need for innovative studies aimed at identifying novel neurobiological mechanisms that could be targeted to treat opioid use disorder. A growing body of preclinical evidence indicates that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduce drug reinforcement. However, the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in attenuating opioid-mediated behaviors has not been thoroughly investigated. Using recently established models of opioid-taking and -seeking behaviors, we showed that systemic administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 reduced oxycodone self-administration and the reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior in rats. We also identified behaviorally selective doses of exendin-4 that reduced opioid-taking and -seeking behaviors and did not produce adverse feeding effects in oxycodone-experienced rats. To identify a central site of action, we showed that systemic exendin-4 penetrated the brain and bound putative GLP-1 receptors on dopamine D1 receptor- and dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell. Consistent with our systemic studies, infusions of exendin-4 directly into the accumbens shell attenuated oxycodone self-administration and the reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior without affecting ad libitum food intake. Finally, exendin-4 did not alter the analgesic effects of oxycodone, suggesting that activation of GLP-1 receptors attenuated opioid reinforcement without reducing the thermal antinociceptive effects of oxycodone. Taken together, these findings suggest that GLP-1 receptors could serve as potential molecular targets for pharmacotherapies aimed at reducing opioid use disorder.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
For opioid dependence, exenatide reduced oxycodone intake, but not morphine intake, and liraglutide reduced heroin intake in rodents.
“For opioid dependence, exenatide reduced oxycodone intake, 114 but not morphine intake, 115 and liraglutide reduced heroin intake 116 in rodents, indicating some heterogeneity regarding the type of opioid drug.”
From GLP-1 receptor agonists and next-generation incretin-based medications: metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal benefits (2026) · cites this paper as [114]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Physiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1
Holst, J. J. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00034.2006 · Cited by 3,371 · see citing works
Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths — United States, 2013–2017
Scholl, L., Seth, P., Kariisa, M., Wilson, N. O., & Baldwin, G. T. (2018) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm675152e1 · Cited by 1,734 · see citing works
The economic burden of prescription opioid overdose, abuse and dependence in the United States, 2013
Florence, C. S., Zhou, C., Luo, F., & Xu, L. (2016) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000000625 · Cited by 1,152 · see citing works
Distinct roles for direct and indirect pathway striatal neurons in reinforcement
Kravitz, A. V., Tye, L. D., & Kreitzer, A. C. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3100 · Cited by 972 · see citing works
Pontieri, F. E., Tanda, G., & Chiara, G. D. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.26.12304 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Prevention and Treatment of Opioid Misuse and Addiction: A Review
Volkow, N. D., Jones, E. B., Einstein, E. B., & Wargo, E. M. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3126 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Alhadeff, A. L., Rupprecht, L. E., & Hayes, M. R. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-1443 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Hindbrain Neurons as an Essential Hub in the Neuroanatomically Distributed Control of Energy Balance
Grill, H. J., & Hayes, M. R. (2012) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.06.015 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
An Overview of Animal Models of Pain: Disease Models and Outcome Measures
Gregory, N. S., Bozer, A. L. H., Robinson, C. R., Dougherty, P. M., Fuchs, P. N., & Sluka, K. A. (2013) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2013.06.008 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Dickson, S. L., Shirazi, R. H., Hansson, C., Bergquist, F., Nissbrandt, H., & Skibicka, K. P. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6326-11.2012 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Mello, N. K. (1996) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0893-133x(95)00274-h · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Arnold, J. M., & Roberts, D. C. S. (1997) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(96)00445-5 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Lobo, M. K., & Nestler, E. J. (2011) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2011.00041 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Kanoski, S. E., Fortin, S. M., Arnold, M., Grill, H. J., & Hayes, M. R. (2011) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-0174 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Bossert, J. M., Poles, G. C., Wihbey, K. A., Koya, E., & Shaham, Y. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3926-07.2007 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Kanoski, S. E., Rupprecht, L. E., Fortin, S. M., De Jonghe, B. C., & Hayes, M. R. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.12.022 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptors in Nucleus Accumbens Affect Food Intake
Dossat, A. M., Lilly, N., Kay, K. E., & Williams, D. L. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3262-11.2011 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Bossert, J. M., Gray, S. M., Lü, L., & Shaham, Y. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300977 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Bossert, J. M., Stern, A. L., Theberge, F. R. M., Marchant, N. J., Wang, H.-L., Morales, M., & Shaham, Y. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0005-12.2012 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
The glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue Exendin-4 attenuates alcohol mediated behaviors in rodents
Egecioglu, E., Steensland, P., Fredriksson, I., Feltmann, K., Engel, J. A., & Jerlhag, E. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.11.009 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Brain Circuits Encoding Reward from Pain Relief
Navratilova, E., Atcherley, C. W., & Porreca, F. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.09.003 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
GLP-1 acts on habenular avoidance circuits to control nicotine intake
Tuesta, L. M., Chen, Z., Duncan, A., Fowler, C. D., Ishikawa, M., Lee, B. R., Liu, X.-A., Lu, Q., Cameron, M., Hayes, M. R., et al. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4540 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Egecioglu, E., Engel, J. A., & Jerlhag, E. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069010 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Role of the glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor in the control of energy balance
Hayes, M. R., De Jonghe, B. C., & Kanoski, S. E. (2010) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.02.029 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Dopamine neurons projecting to medial shell of the nucleus accumbens drive heroin reinforcement
Corre, J., van Zessen, R., Loureiro, M., Patriarchi, T., Tian, L., Pascoli, V., & Lüscher, C. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.39945 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Hearing, M. C., Jedynak, J., Ebner, S. R., Ingebretson, A. E., Asp, A. J., Fischer, R. A., Schmidt, C. E., Larson, E. B., & Thomas, M. J. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1519248113 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetic actions of exendin‐4 in the rat: Comparison with glucagon‐like peptide‐1
Parkes, D. G., Jodka, C. M., Smith, P., Nayak, S., Rinehart, L., Gingerich, R., Chen, K. S., & Young, A. J. (2001) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.1195 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Egecioglu, E., Engel, J. A., & Jerlhag, E. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077284 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Compulsive-Like Responding for Opioid Analgesics in Rats with Extended Access
Wade, C. L., Vendruscolo, L. F., Schlosburg, J. E., Hernandez, D. O., & Koob, G. F. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.188 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Activation of Spinal Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptors Specifically Suppresses Pain Hypersensitivity
Gong, N., Xiao, Q., Zhu, B., Zhang, C.-Y., Wang, Y., Fan, H. J., Ma, A., & Wang, Y. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4703-13.2014 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Schmidt, H. D., Mietlicki-Baase, E. G., Ige, K. Y., Maurer, J. J., Reiner, D. J., Zimmer, D. J., Van Nest, D. S., Guercio, L. A., Wimmer, M. E., Olivos, D. R., et al. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.362 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationSørensen, G., Reddy, I. A., Weikop, P., Graham, D. L., Stanwood, G. D., Wortwein, G., Galli, A., & Fink-Jensen, A. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.013 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Hernandez, N. S., Ige, K. Y., Mietlicki‐Baase, E. G., Molina-Castro, G. C., Turner, C. A., Hayes, M. R., & Schmidt, H. D. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0010-3 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationRelapse to opioid use disorder after inpatient treatment: protective effect of injection naltrexone
Nunes, E. V., Gordon, M., Friedmann, P. D., Fishman, M. J., Lee, J. D., Chen, D. T., Hu, M. C., Boney, T. Y., Wilson, D., & O'Brien, C. P. (2018) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2017.04.016 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
GLP-1 analog attenuates cocaine reward
Graham, D. L., Erreger, K., Galli, A., & Stanwood, G. D. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.141 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Oxycodone self-administration in male and female rats
Mavrikaki, M., Pravetoni, M., Page, S., Potter, D. N., & Chartoff, E. H. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4536-6 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Hayes, M. R., Kanoski, S. E., Alhadeff, A. L., & Grill, H. J. (2011) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.50 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Taylor, A. M. W., Castonguay, A., Ghogha, A., Vayssiere, P., Pradhan, A. A. A., Xue, L., Mehrabani, S., Wu, J., Levitt, P., Olmstead, M. C., et al. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.221 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
GLP-1 Influences Food and Drug Reward
Hayes, M. R., & Schmidt, H. D. (2016) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.02.005 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationBossert, J. M., Adhikary, S., Laurent, R. S., Marchant, N. J., Wang, H.-L., Morales, M., & Shaham, Y. (2015) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4060-5 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
de Guglielmo, G., Kallupi, M., Scuppa, G., Demopulos, G. A., Gaitanaris, G., & Ciccocioppo, R. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4452-1 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Chen, S. A., O'Dell, L. E., Hoefer, M. E., Greenwell, T. N., Zorrilla, E. P., & Koob, G. F. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301008 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Gut-brain axis and addictive disorders: A review with focus on alcohol and drugs of abuse
Jerlhag, E. (2018) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.005 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Lorcaserin Suppresses Oxycodone Self-Administration and Relapse Vulnerability in Rats
Neelakantan, H., Holliday, E. D., Fox, R. G., Stutz, S. J., Comer, S. D., Haney, M., Anastasio, N. C., Moeller, F. G., & Cunningham, K. A. (2017) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00413 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
You, Z., Bi, G., Galaj, E., Kumar, V., Cao, J., Gadiano, A. J., Rais, R., Slusher, B. S., Gardner, E. L., Xi, Z., et al. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0284-5 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
McKay, N. J., Kanoski, S. E., Hayes, M. R., & Daniels, D. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00472.2011 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Hernandez, N. S., O’Donovan, B., Ortinski, P. I., & Schmidt, H. D. (2017) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12583 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citation八幡, 崇., Aceto, M. D., Cook, C. D., Bowman, E. R., Newman, J. L., & Harris, L. S. (2004) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.12.3.163 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Bornebusch, A. B., Fink-Jensen, A., Wörtwein, G., Seeley, R. J., & Thomsen, M. (2019) · eneuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0443-18.2019 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Hopkins, T. J., Rupprecht, L. E., Hayes, M. R., Blendy, J. A., & Schmidt, H. D. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.83 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationLecca, D., Valentini, V., Cacciapaglia, F., Acquas, E., & Chiara, G. D. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0815-y · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Pravetoni, M., Pentel, P. R., Potter, D. N., Chartoff, E. H., Tally, L., & LeSage, M. G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101807 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Dennis, B. B., Naji, L., Bawor, M., Bonner, A., Varenbut, M., Daiter, J., Plater, C., Paré, G., Marsh, D. C., Worster, A., et al. (2014) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-3-105 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Gerrits, M. A. F. M., Petromilli, P., Westenberg, H. G. M., Chiara, G. D., & van Ree, J. M. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03105-5 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Fan, H. J., Gong, N., Li, T., Ma, A., Wu, X., Wang, M., & Wang, Y. (2014) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12895 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Predictors of Relapse after Inpatient Opioid Detoxification during 1-Year Follow-Up
Chalana, H., Kundal, T., Gupta, V., & Malhari, A. S. (2016) · Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1155/2016/7620860 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Enoksson, T., Bertran‐Gonzalez, J., & Christie, M. J. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.02.020 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Interspecies Modeling and Prediction of Human Exenatide Pharmacokinetics
Chen, T., Mager, D. E., & Kagan, L. (2012) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0917-z · Cited by 38 · see citing works
McKay, N. J., & Daniels, D. (2013) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12086 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Loram, L. C., MITCHELL, D., Skosana, M. T., & Fick, L. G. (2007) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2007.04.003 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Optimal interval for hot water immersion tail-flick test in rats
Zhou, Q., Bao, Y., Zhang, X., Zeng, L., Wang, L., Wang, J., & Jiang, W. (2013) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2013.57 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
James, A. S., Chen, J., Cepeda, C., Mittal, N., Jentsch, J. D., Levine, M. S., Evans, C. J., & Walwyn, W. M. (2013) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.08.009 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bernosky‐Smith, K. A., Stanger, D. B., Trujillo, A. J., Mitchell, L. R., España, R. A., & Bass, C. E. (2015) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2015.12.007 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Seip, K. M., Reed, B., Ho, A., & Kreek, M. J. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2380-7 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Dopamine neurons projecting to medial shell of the nucleus accumbens drive heroin reinforcementPreprint
Corre, J., van Zessen, R., Loureiro, M., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/385039 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Haroutounian, S., Kagan, L., Yifrach-Damari, I., Davidson, E. M., Ratz, Y., & Hoffman, A. (2013) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aet234 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Merchenthaler (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990111)403:2
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 68 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) in addictive disorders
Klausen, M. K., Thomsen, M., Wortwein, G., & Fink‐Jensen, A. (2022) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15677 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Eren, C. Y., Yigit, A., Dogruoz, E., & Eser, H. Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.614884 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Marty, V. N., Farokhnia, M., Munier, J. J., Mulpuri, Y., Leggio, L., & Spigelman, I. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.599646 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Nauck, M. A., Tuttle, K. R., Tschöp, M. H., & Blüher, M. (2026) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(25)02105-1 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Effects of dulaglutide on alcohol consumption during smoking cessation
Probst, L., Monnerat, S., Vogt, D. R., Lengsfeld, S., Burkard, T., Meienberg, A., Bathelt, C., Christ-Crain, M., & Winzeler, B. (2023) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.170419 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Bruns, N., Tressler, E. H., Vendruscolo, L. F., Leggio, L., & Farokhnia, M. (2024) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107312 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Qeadan, F., McCunn, A., & Tingey, B. (2025) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16679 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Jerlhag, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1063033 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Giorgi, R. D., Ghenciulescu, A., Dziwisz, O., Taquet, M., Adler, A., Koychev, I. G., Upthegrove, R., Solmi, M., McCutcheon, R. A., Pillinger, T., et al. (2025) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-025-00390-x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Hernandez, N. S., Weir, V. R., Ragnini, K., Merkel, R., Zhang, Y., Mace, K. D., Rich, M. T., Pierce, R. C., & Schmidt, H. D. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00957-3 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationMerkel, R., Hernandez, N. S., Weir, V. R., Zhang, Y., Caffrey, A., Rich, M. T., Crist, R. C., Reiner, B. C., & Schmidt, H. D. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr5051 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationDouton, J. E., Augusto, C. M., Stoltzfus, B., Carkaci‐Salli, N., Vrana, K. E., & Grigson, P. S. (2020) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000609 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Douton, J. E., Horvath, N., Mills‐Huffnagle, S., Nyland, J. E., Hajnal, A., & Grigson, P. S. (2022) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.13117 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on Mental Health: A Systematic Review
Valenta, S. T., Nicastri, A., Perazza, F., Marcolini, F., Beghelli, V., Atti, A. R., & Petroni, M. L. (2024) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-024-00331-y · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Reiner, B. C., Zhang, Y., Stein, L. M., Perea, E. D., Arauco‐Shapiro, G., Nathan, J. B., Ragnini, K., Hayes, M. R., Ferraro, T. N., Berrettini, W. H., et al. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02135-1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationHerman, R. J., Hayes, M. R., Audrain-McGovern, J. E., Ashare, R. L., & Schmidt, H. D. (2023) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-023-06376-w · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, Y., Rahematpura, S., Ragnini, K., Moreno, A., Stecyk, K. S., Kahng, M. W., Milliken, B. T., Hayes, M. R., Doyle, R. P., & Schmidt, H. D. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108599 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationMarquez-Meneses, J. D., Olaya-Bonilla, S. A., Barrera-Carreño, S., Tibaduiza-Arévalo, L. C., Forero-Cárdenas, S., Carrillo-Vaca, L., Rojas-Rodríguez, L. C., Calderón‐Ospina, C., & Rodríguez, J. H. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26115338 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Douton, J. E., Acharya, N., Stoltzfus, B., Sun, D., Grigson, P. S., & Nyland, J. E. (2022) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000685 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Urbanik, L. A., Acharya, N., & Grigson, P. S. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.023 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
An Overview of Appetite-Regulatory Peptides in Addiction Processes; From Bench to Bed Side
Shevchouk, O. T., Tufvesson‐Alm, M., & Jerlhag, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.774050 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Evans, B., Stoltzfus, B., Acharya, N., Nyland, J. E., Arnold, A. C., Freet, C. S., Bunce, S. C., & Grigson, P. S. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.022 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Oxycodone: A Current Perspective on Its Pharmacology, Abuse, and Pharmacotherapeutic Developments
Barrett, J. E., Shekarabi, A., & Inan, S. (2023) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.121.000506 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Lengsfeld, S., Probst, L., Emara, Y., Werlen, L., Vogt, D., Bathelt, C., Baur, F., Caviezel, B., Vukajlovic, T., Fischer, M., et al. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105284 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Liu, Z., Yu, S., Jin, X., Sheng, L., Rouzi, M. R. Y., Gao, J., Lü, J., & Lei, T. (2025) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s559919 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cawthon, C. R., Blonde, G. D., Nisi, A. V., Bloomston, H. M., Krubitski, B., le Roux, C. W., & Spector, A. C. (2023) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvad074 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Mechanisms of GLP-1 in Modulating Craving and Addiction: Neurobiological and Translational Insights
Alves, G. A. M., Teranishi, M., Ortega, A. C. T. D. C. G., James, F., & Arachchige, A. S. P. M. (2025) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci13030136 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Srinivasan, N. M., Farokhnia, M., Farinelli, L. A., Ferrulli, A., & Leggio, L. (2025) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaf141 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
IUPHAR Review: New strategies for medications to treat substance use disorders
Montoya, I. D., & Volkow, N. D. (2024) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107078 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Freet, C. S., Evans, B., Brick, T. R., Deneke, E., Wasserman, E. J., Ballard, S. M., Stankoski, D. M., Kong, L., Raja-Khan, N. T., Nyland, J. E., et al. (2024) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-024-00481-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Listos, J., Listos, P., Baranowska‐Bosiacka, I., Karpiuk, A., Filarowska, J., Łupina, M., Słowik, T., Zawiślak, S., & Kotlinska, J. H. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27082478 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Aranäs, C., Caffrey, A., Edvardsson, C. E., Schmidt, H. D., & Jerlhag, E. (2025) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.07.001 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationKupnicka, P., Król, M., Żychowska, J., Łagowski, R., Prajwos, E., Surówka, A., & Chlubek, D. (2024) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph17111470 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Merkel, R., Moreno, A., Zhang, Y., Herman, R. J., Nathan, J. B., Zeb, S., Rahematpura, S., Stecyk, K. S., Milliken, B. T., Hayes, M. R., et al. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.026 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationCrosstalk between alcohol use disorder and obesity: two sides of the same coin?
Leggio, L., Farokhnia, M., Kenny, P. J., Pepino, M. Y., & Simmons, W. K. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03259-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lu, C., Xu, C., & Yang, J. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61010017 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Nathan, J. B., Moreno, A., Merkel, R., Kahng, M. W., Hayes, M. R., Reiner, B. C., Crist, R. C., & Schmidt, H. D. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01634-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, T., Sun, T., Bian, Y., Pei, Y., Feng, F., Chi, H., Li, Y., Tang, X., Sang, S., Du, C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01456 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Yammine, L., Grigson, P. S., Schmitz, J. M., Evans, B., & Hendershot, C. S. (2025) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-025-00657-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tirzepatide reduces alcohol drinking and relapse-like behaviours in rodents
Edvardsson, C. E., Adermark, L., Gottlieb, S., Alfreji, S., Emous, T. A., Gouda, Y., Thorsell, A., Vujičić, M., Aranäs, C., Benrick, A., et al. (2026) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.106119 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Urbanik, L. A., Booth, J. L., Acharya, N., Evans, B., & Grigson, P. S. (2024) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000805 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sleep is increased by liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in rats
Fang, J., Miller, P., & Grigson, P. S. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.11.012 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Freet, C. S., Shuler, K., Kawasaki, S. S., Weintraub, E., Greenblatt, A. D., Kladney, M., Nunes, E. V., Foster, K. L., Kong, L., Raja-Khan, N. T., et al. (2025) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-025-00618-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Research to Treat Overeating and Substance Use Disorders
Guo, J. S., Hayes, M. R., Leggio, L., Oru, E., & Rinaman, L. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1375-25.2025 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
GLP‐1 at the Metabolic–Cognitive Interface: Reward, Affect, and Memory
Gao, S., Décarie-Spain, L., Gu, C., Mazzini, G., Kanoski, S. E., & Borner, T. (2026) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cph4.70129 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mert, İ., Çetinkaya, A., GÜRLER, M., Türel, C. A., Çelik, H., Torun, İ. E., & Türel, İ. (2022) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-022-00978-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Dumiaty, Y., Underwood, B. M., Phy‐Lim, J., & Chee, M. J. S. (2024) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2024.102427 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
PYY3-36 infused systemically or directly into the VTA attenuates fentanyl seeking in male rats
Caffrey, A., Lavecchia, E., Merkel, R., Zhang, Y., Chichura, K. S., Hayes, M. R., Doyle, R. P., & Schmidt, H. D. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109686 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of intrathecal and intracerebroventricular microinjection of kaempferol on pain
Jabbari, S., Bananej, M., Zarei, M., Komaki, A., & Hajikhani, R. (2021) · Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.4103/1735-5362.310527 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Neuroendocrinology meets addiction: Emerging pharmacotherapies on the horizon
Loftén, A., Farokhnia, M., Vendruscolo, L. F., & Leggio, L. (2025) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.70021 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Caffrey, A., Lavecchia, E., Chichura, K. S., Hayes, M. R., Doyle, R. P., & Schmidt, H. D. (2025) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.70096 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationAu, H. C. T., Lam, P. H., Kabir, F., Huang, C. Y., Dri, C. E., Le, G. H., Kwan, A. T. H., Wong, S., Teopiz, K. M., & McIntyre, R. S. (2025) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2025.10038 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
White, C., Choudhury, A., Bollepalli, H., Kodra, J. D., Burton, A. T., & Kraus, J. C. (2025) · Foot & Ankle International · doi:10.1177/10711007251364187 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Edvardsson, C. E., Zhang, X., Emous, T. A., Adermark, L., Witley, S., Ericson, M., Schmidt, H. D., & Jerlhag, E. (2026) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106219 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationActivation of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptors and skilled reach foraging
Vestlund, J., Bergquist, F., Licheri, V., Adermark, L., & Jerlhag, E. (2020) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12953 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Schmidt, H. D., Zhang, Y., Jin, X., Zanni, G., Liu, R., & Barr, G. A. (2023) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137479 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationDraghmeh, K., & Fuehrlein, B. (2025) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/jin26361 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bruijnzeel, A. W., Behnood‐Rod, A., Chellian, R., Malphurs, W. L., Caudle, R. M., Febo, M., Setlow, B., Murphy, N. P., & Neubert, J. K. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-31828-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Baumer-Harrison, C., Graham, M., Jonghe, B. C. D., & Hayes, M. R. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.06.015 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Impact of Gut and Metabolic Hormones on Feeding Reward
Klockars, A., Levine, A. S., Head, M. A., Perez‐Leighton, C. E., Kotz, C. M., & Olszewski, P. K. (2021) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c190042 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Douton, J. E., Acharya, N., Stoltzfus, B., Sun, D., Grigson, P. S., & Nyland, J. E. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.15.460527 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Epigenetic editing of Cartpt promotes acquisition and extinction of cocaine memoryPreprint
Winter, J. J., Hooks, M., Krick, K. S., Goldhamer, A., DiTullio, R. W., Czarnecki, K. S., Ekobeni, C.-E., Han, C., Rodríguez-Acevedo, K. L., Hughes, B. W., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689329 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Incretin-Based Therapies: A Novel Pathway in Addiction Treatment
Rosiejka, D., Joanna, M., Marcickiewicz, J., Bogdańska, A., Błażejewska, W., & Szulińska, M. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15041613 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Evans, B., Acharya, N., Brandl, C. G., Shealy, E., Nyland, J. E., Freet, C. S., Bunce, S. C., & Grigson, P. S. (2026) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000880 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Impact of Gut and Metabolic Hormones on Feeding Reward
Klockars, A., Levine, A. S., Head, M. A., Perez‐Leighton, C. E., Kotz, C. M., & Olszewski, P. K. (2021) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2021.tb00153.x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Koob, G. F., Arends, M. A., McCracken, M. L., & Moal, M. L. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816988-9.00001-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effects of linagliptin on morphine dependence in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Łupina, M., & Listos, J. (2022) · Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences · doi:10.2478/cipms-2022-0002 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Semaglutide and GLP-1 Agonists
Fagiola, M. (2025) · American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology · doi:10.1097/paf.0000000000001044 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A Novel Indication for Substance Use Disorders?
Ftiha, F., Ftiha, J., Parikh, M. A., Frishman, W. H., & Peterson, S. J. (2025) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000001145 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Leach, M., Marziali, M. E., Parashar, S., Bondy, G., Guillemi, S. A., Harris, M., Hull, M., Stone, S., Kooij, K. W., Hogg, R. S., et al. (2026) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports · doi:10.1016/j.dadr.2026.100440 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Gaps and Emerging Therapeutics to Address Them
Banks, M. L. (2026) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-026-01300-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lista, S., Ballerio, M., López‐Ortiz, S., Khoramipour, K., Imbimbo, B. P., Santos‐Lozano, A., Minoretti, P., & Emanuele, E. (2026) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2026.174217 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Grigson, P. S., Bunce, S. C., Brick, T. R., Freet, C. S., Nyland, J. E., Kawasaki, S. S., Brandl, C. G., Shealy, E., & Huddleston, K. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.06.033 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Modestino, E. J., Bowirrat, A., Baron, D. A., Thanos, P. K., Hanna, C., Bagchi, D., Braverman, E. R., Dennen, C. A., Badgaiyan, R. D., Pollack, A. R., et al. (2024) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Addiction III: From mouse to man
Grigson, P. S., & Hobkirk, A. L. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.12.001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Edvardsson, C. E., Adermark, L., Gottlieb, S., Alfreji, S., Emous, T. A., Gouda, Y., Thorsell, A., Vujičić, M., Aranäs, C., Benrick, A., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.26.672374 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Gut-Brain Axis and Addictions
Jerlhag, E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_2-1
The Gut-Brain Axis and Addictions
Jerlhag, E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92392-1_2
Abshire, K. M., & Leggio, L. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823453-2.00013-8
Burr, E. F., Roytman, M., Poirier, É., Kolbuszewska, M. T., Pfaus, J. G., Komisaruk, B. R., Goldstein, I., & Rubin, R. S. (2025) · Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1093/sexmed/qfaf073 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Parabrachial CGRP Neurons Regulate Opioid ReinforcementPreprint
Bystrom, L. L., Margetts, A. V., Kujas, N., Bourgain‐Guglielmetti, F., Marinov, E. P., & Tuesta, L. M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.03.18.712659
GLP-1 Agonists in Orthopedic Surgery: A Narrative Review of Bone Health and Surgical Implications
Mejia, M. R., Tiao, J., Yu, A., Baidya, J., Rajjoub, M., Torres, R. B., & Chaudhary, S. B. (2026) · HSS Journal® The Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · doi:10.1177/15563316261438492
Rojas, K. E., Gee, S., Wernette, C., Wang, E. X., Nguyen, E. T., & Nguyen, J. D. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.19.726324
Ciaffi, J., Caporali, R., & Ursini, F. (2026) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keag350
Role of incretins in Alzheimer’s disease and their impact on behavioral aspects
Yang, J., Mao, T., & Gao, L. (2026) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000004195
Baldwin, K., Lau, A., Ignaszewski, M. J., Wong, J. S. H., Azar, P., & Siu, J. T. P. (2026) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2026.2720402
Qeadan, F., & Barbeau, W. A. (2026) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports · doi:10.1016/j.dadr.2026.100474
Buciuc, A. G., Gold, M. S., & Fuehrlein, B. (2026) · Addiction & Prevention · doi:10.3390/addictprev1010007
Odonkor, C. A., Dodurgali, M. R., Cox, F. R., Klimov, I. J., & Abd-Elsayed, A. A. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18193120
Zhang, C., Li, H., & Ho, M. (2026) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cns.71183
Zheng, Y. J., Au, H. C. T., Le, G. H., Wong, S., Teopiz, K. M., Kwan, A. T. H., Rosenblat, J. D., Mansur, R. B., Rhee, T. G., Lo, H. K. Y., et al. (2026) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2026.10097
- Authors
- Zhang, Y., Kahng, M. W., Elkind, J. A., Weir, V. R., Hernandez, N. S., Stein, L. M., & Schmidt, H. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schmidt, Heath D.
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2019-10-03
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 451-461
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC6969180
- OpenAlex
- W2978410069
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Jeane B. Kempner postdoctoral fellowship from the University of Texas Medical Branch
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA037897, DA045792)
- Dr. Dorothy Mereness Endowed Research Fund through a Faculty Grant Award in the School of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania.
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- GLP-1 receptor agonists, exendin-4, opioid use disorder, reinstatement of drug seeking, nucleus accumbens shell, dopamine D1 receptor, dopamine D2 receptor, medium spiny neurons, antinociception, drug reinforcement, pharmacotherapy targets
- MeSH terms
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Analgesics, Analgesics, Opioid, Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Oxycodone, Pain Measurement, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, Rats, Transgenic, Drug-Seeking Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
