The DOI matches its Crossref record; 218 of the 218 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Helper T cell differentiation
Open accessAbstract
CD4+ T helper cells are key regulators of host health and disease. In the original model, specialized subsets of T helper cells are generated following activation through lineage-specifying cytokines and transcriptional programs, but recent studies have revealed increasing complexities for CD4+ T-cell differentiation. Here, we first discuss CD4+ T-cell differentiation from a historical perspective by highlighting the major studies that defined the distinct subsets of T helper cells. We next describe the mechanisms underlying CD4+ T-cell differentiation, including cytokine-induced signaling and transcriptional networks. We then review current and emerging topics of differentiation, including the plasticity and heterogeneity of T cells, the tissue-specific effects, and the influence of cellular metabolism on cell fate decisions. Importantly, recent advances in cutting-edge approaches, especially systems biology tools, have contributed to new concepts and mechanisms underlying T-cell differentiation and will likely continue to advance this important research area of adaptive immunity.
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“However, the current view is that CD4 Th cell subsets are not separate lineages but have plasticity and form a continuum of mixed functional capacities [177, 178].”
From Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition) (2021) · cites this paper as [178]
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Citations
Cites
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Metabolically Activated Proteostasis Regulators Reduce Differentiation of CD4 + T H 17 CellsPreprint
Chatterjee, P., Ortiz, K. S., Dikiy, S., Bollong, M. J., Thaxton, J. E., Mendoza, A., & Wiseman, R. L. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.09.02.747634
Molecular Signature and miRNA Pattern of CD4 + T Lymphocytes in Plaque Psoriasis
Dubna, Y., & Nazimek, K. (2026) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-026-09202-1
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Loro, F. M. (2026) · RODIN (Universidad de Cádiz)
Cao, Y., Jing, Q., Chen, X., Han, J., Liu, Y., Shen, S., Xia, X., Liu, E., Zheng, X., Ma, W., et al. (2026) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d6tb01619g
Divens, A. M., Brown, K. M., Barbeau, D. J., Fatma, F., Allen, C., Price, D. A., Leung, D. W., Amarasinghe, G. K., & McElroy, A. K. (2026) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00932-26
Diet at disease onset determines tissue inflammatory memory
Jiang, Z., Tayeri, J. M., Sun, I., Li, J., Merrill, E. D., Qiu, L., Zhang, D., Johri, V., Dobson, M. E., Watanabe, R., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-026-11181-4
Deubiquitinases at the crossroads of T-cell immunity and tumor immune evasion
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Metadata
- Authors
- Saravia, J., Chapman, N. M., & Chi, H.
- Affiliations
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chi, Hongbo
- Venue
- Cellular & Molecular Immunology
- Published
- 2019-03-12
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 634-643
- ISSN
- 1672-7681 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-0226
- PMC
- PMC6804569
- OpenAlex
- W2921191661
- Cited by
- 489
- References
- 218
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 114 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 3.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- CD4+ T helper cells, T helper cell differentiation, T helper cell subsets, transcriptional regulatory networks, T cell plasticity, T cell heterogeneity, cellular metabolism, cell fate determination, systems biology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Cytokines, Cell Lineage, Gene Regulatory Networks, Adaptive Immunity
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