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Neutrophil chemoattractant receptors in health and disease: double-edged swords
Open accessAbstract
Neutrophils are frontline cells of the innate immune system. These effector leukocytes are equipped with intriguing antimicrobial machinery and consequently display high cytotoxic potential. Accurate neutrophil recruitment is essential to combat microbes and to restore homeostasis, for inflammation modulation and resolution, wound healing and tissue repair. After fulfilling the appropriate effector functions, however, dampening neutrophil activation and infiltration is crucial to prevent damage to the host. In humans, chemoattractant molecules can be categorized into four biochemical families, i.e., chemotactic lipids, formyl peptides, complement anaphylatoxins and chemokines. They are critically involved in the tight regulation of neutrophil bone marrow storage and egress and in spatial and temporal neutrophil trafficking between organs. Chemoattractants function by activating dedicated heptahelical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In addition, emerging evidence suggests an important role for atypical chemoattractant receptors (ACKRs) that do not couple to G proteins in fine-tuning neutrophil migratory and functional responses. The expression levels of chemoattractant receptors are dependent on the level of neutrophil maturation and state of activation, with a pivotal modulatory role for the (inflammatory) environment. Here, we provide an overview of chemoattractant receptors expressed by neutrophils in health and disease. Depending on the (patho)physiological context, specific chemoattractant receptors may be up- or downregulated on distinct neutrophil subsets with beneficial or detrimental consequences, thus opening new windows for the identification of disease biomarkers and potential drug targets.
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“In the presence of pathogens, different host cells (such as monocytes and macrophages) secrete inflammatory and neutrophil chemoattractant mediators (such as the leukotriene LTB4 involved in inflammation, the interleukin IL-8, and the chemokine CXCL6, a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family, also known as granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 GCP-2) which bind to specific receptors on”
From Superoxide Anion Chemistry—Its Role at the Core of the Innate Immunity (2023) · cites this paper as [215]
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CD44, ACAN, PLVAP, and HBEGF Emerged as Potential Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy
Li, Q., Zhou, X., Wang, Y., Peng, Y., Liu, J., Li, X., & Shao, Y. X. (2025) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s557119
“37,38 On the one hand, increased neutrophil infiltration and excessive neutrophil-endothelium adhesion lead to retinal inflammation and vascular leukostasis, contributing to the progression of DR. 39 On the other hand, neutrophils, through the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs),…”
Lakhtin, Y. V., Moskalenko, P., Galich, L. V., Kuzenko, Y. V., & Tsyhanok, O. (2025) · Ukrainian Dental Almanac · doi:10.31718/2409-0255.3.2025.05
Skin-derived G-CSF activates pathological granulopoiesis upon psoriasis
Kosasih, T., Morishima, T., Lee, S., Yoon, J., Wakahashi, K., Kim, P., Sada, A., & Takizawa, H. (2026) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s44321-026-00456-y
“EV1D) (Metzemaekers et al, 2020; Deshmane et al, 2009).”
Shuang, Z., Dongming, Y., Cheng, S., Jin, J., Jiamin, C., Chenghai, L., Yue, L., & Furong, Q. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.21.683617
“CXCR2 is suggested to be a main mediator for neutrophil chemotaxis(Metzemaekers et al. 2020), and we observe the up-regulation of hepatic CXCR2, indicating CXCL1/2-CXCR2 interaction mediates neutrophil migration in PA-HSOS.”
Khan, Z., Levin, N., Dahlgren, C., Sundqvist, M., Khan, F., Forsman, H. F., & Björkman, L. I. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685092
Harnessing biomaterials for tuning inflammation: A neutrophil-centric perspective
Wang, Q., Song, W.-Z., Han, C.-Y., Yang, S., Gao, S.-R., Ai, Y.-C., Wang, D., Liu, Y., & Yin, W. (2025) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102589
“Additionally, an increase in intracellular calcium levels activates both the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated protein kinases (MAPK/ERK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κ B) signaling pathways [22].”
Blanter, M., Cockx, M., Wittebols, L., Abouelasrar Salama, S., Bondt, M. D., Berghmans, N., Pörtner, N., Vanbrabant, L., Lorent, N., Gouwy, M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22606648
Self-citationAreecheewakul, S., Adamcakova‐Dodd, A., Haque, E., Jing, X., Meyerholz, D. K., O’Shaughnessy, P. T., Thorne, P. S., & Salem, A. K. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20064421
Blanter, M., Cockx, M., Wittebols, L., Abouelasrar Salama, S., Bondt, M. D., Berghmans, N., Pörtner, N., Vanbrabant, L., Lorent, N., Gouwy, M., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22606651
Self-citationRyan, F. J., Hope, C. M., Masavuli, M. G., Lynn, M. A., Mekonnen, Z. A., Yeow, A. E. L., García-Valtanen, P., Al-Delfi, Z., Gummow, J., Ferguson, C., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.18393522
Areecheewakul, S., Adamcakova‐Dodd, A., Haque, E., Jing, X., Meyerholz, D. K., O’Shaughnessy, P. T., Thorne, P. S., & Salem, A. K. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20064424
Ryan, F. J., Hope, C. M., Masavuli, M. G., Lynn, M. A., Mekonnen, Z. A., Yeow, A. E. L., García-Valtanen, P., Al-Delfi, Z., Gummow, J., Ferguson, C., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.18393525
Ryan, F. J., Hope, C. M., Masavuli, M. G., Lynn, M. A., Mekonnen, Z. A., Yeow, A. E. L., García-Valtanen, P., Al-Delfi, Z., Gummow, J., Ferguson, C., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.18393537
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Bagatella, S., Jahromi, N. H., Monney, C., Polidori, M., Gall, F. M., Marchionatti, E., Serra, F., Riedl, R., Engelhardt, B., & Oevermann, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26555237
Additional file 1 of CNS-associated macrophages contribute to intracerebral aneurysm pathophysiology
Glavan, M., Jelic, A., Levard, D., Frösen, J., Keränen, S., Franx, B. A. A., Bras, A.-R., Louet, E. R., Dénes, Á., Merlini, M., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26694807
Bagatella, S., Jahromi, N. H., Monney, C., Polidori, M., Gall, F. M., Marchionatti, E., Serra, F., Riedl, R., Engelhardt, B., & Oevermann, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26555246
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Metadata
- Authors
- Metzemaekers, M., Gouwy, M., & Proost, P.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Proost, Paul
- Venue
- Cellular & Molecular Immunology
- Published
- 2020-04-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 433-450
- ISSN
- 1672-7681 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-0226
- PMC
- PMC7192912
- OpenAlex
- W3014824156
- Cited by
- 570
- References
- 246
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 124 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 6.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Onderzoeksraad, KU Leuven (C16/17/010)
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (G.0808.18N)
- EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (779295)
- Rega Foundation
- M.M. obtained a PhD fellowship supported by the L’Oréal-UNESCO for Women in Science initiative and the FWO-Vlaanderen
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
- Keywords
- neutrophils, chemoattractant receptors, G protein-coupled receptors, atypical chemokine receptors, formyl peptides, anaphylatoxins, chemokines, neutrophil trafficking, neutrophil maturation, inflammation resolution, tissue repair, disease biomarkers, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chemotactic Factors, Disease, Health, Humans, Neutrophils, Signal Transduction, Receptors, Formyl Peptide
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