Getting to the site of inflammation: the leukocyte adhesion cascade updated
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment, lymphocyte recirculation and monocyte trafficking all require adhesion and transmigration through blood-vessel walls. The traditional three steps of rolling, activation and firm adhesion have recently been augmented and refined. Slow rolling, adhesion strengthening, intraluminal crawling and paracellular and transcellular migration are now recognized as separate, additional steps. In neutrophils, a second activation pathway has been discovered that does not require signalling through G-protein-coupled receptors and the signalling steps leading to integrin activation are beginning to emerge. This Review focuses on new aspects of one of the central paradigms of inflammation and immunity--the leukocyte adhesion cascade.
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Inflammation is characterized by the recruitment of monocytes to diseased tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages.
“Inflammation is characterized by the recruitment of monocytes to diseased tissues, where they differentiate into macrophages.61”
From Cystatin C is glucocorticoid responsive, directs recruitment of Trem2+ macrophages, and predicts failure of cancer immunotherapy (2023) · cites this paper as [61]
In atherosclerosis, circulating monocytes are recruited to fatty deposits in vascular intima/subintima via CCR2 and endothelial adhesion mechanisms.
“Briefly, in atherosclerosis, circulating monocytes are recruited to sites of fatty deposit accumulation within the vascular intima and subintima via CCR2 and endothelial adhesion mediated mechanisms [49–52].”
From Macrophage polarization: an opportunity for improved outcomes in biomaterials and regenerative medicine (2012) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Ley, K., Laudanna, C., Cybulsky, M. I., & Nourshargh, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- University of Verona (IT)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- William Harvey Research Institute (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ley, Klaus
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2007-09
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 678-689
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- OpenAlex
- W2035809865
- Cited by
- 4,354
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 190 · 2025: 178 · 2024: 201 · 2023: 190 · 2022: 219 · 2021: 268 · 2020: 212 · 2019: 247 · 2018: 232 · 2017: 239 · 2016: 245 · 2015: 243 · 2014: 293 · 2013: 314 · 2012: 272
- FWCI
- 15.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
- Keywords
- leukocyte transmigration, neutrophil recruitment, lymphocyte recirculation, monocyte trafficking, firm adhesion, transcellular migration, integrin activation, G protein-coupled receptor signaling, inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Adhesion, Cell Movement, Humans, Inflammation, Leukocytes, Integrins, Leukocyte Rolling, Endothelial Cells, Mice
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