The DOI matches its Crossref record; 164 of the 165 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brain macrophage development, diversity and dysregulation in health and disease
Open accessAbstract
Brain macrophages include microglia in the parenchyma, border-associated macrophages in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space, and monocyte-derived macrophages that infiltrate the brain under various disease conditions. The vast heterogeneity of these cells has been elucidated over the last decade using revolutionary multiomics technologies. As such, we can now start to define these various macrophage populations according to their ontogeny and their diverse functional programs during brain development, homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. In this review, we first outline the critical roles played by brain macrophages during development and healthy aging. We then discuss how brain macrophages might undergo reprogramming and contribute to neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases, and glioma. Finally, we speculate about the most recent and ongoing discoveries that are prompting translational attempts to leverage brain macrophages as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for diseases that affect the brain.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures





Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“With aging, or premature death, perivascular macrophages are replaced by monocyte-derived macrophages that appear to be more prone to induce inflammation [382,383,384].”
From Revisiting the Pathogenesis of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (2025) · cites this paper as [384]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: Perspectives on New Treatment Strategies
Lang, U. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350094 · Cited by 8,526
Alzheimer's disease: the amyloid cascade hypothesis
Hardy, J. A., & Higgins, G. A. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1566067 · Cited by 7,484
A Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer’s Disease
Keren-Shaul, H., Spinrad, A., Weiner, A., Matcovitch-Natan, O., Dvir-Szternfeld, R., Ulland, T. K., David, E., Baruch, K., Lara-Astaiso, D., Toth, B., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.018 · Cited by 5,493
Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages
Ginhoux, F., Greter, M., Leboeuf, M., Nandi, S., See, P., Gokhan, S., Mehler, M. F., Conway, S. J., Ng, L. G., Stanley, E. R., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1194637 · Cited by 5,175
Self-citationMicroglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner
Schafer, D. P., Lehrman, E. K., Kautzman, A. G., Koyama, R., Mardinly, A. R., Yamasaki, R., Ransohoff, R. M., Greenberg, M. E., Barres, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.026 · Cited by 4,089
Chronic Inflammation (Inflammaging) and Its Potential Contribution to Age-Associated Diseases
Franceschi, C., & Campisi, J. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glu057 · Cited by 3,891
Gut microbiota regulate motor deficits and neuroinflammation in a model of Parkinson's disease
Sampson, T. R., Debelius, J. W., Thron, T., Janssen, S., Shastri, G. G., Ilhan, Z. E., Challis, C., Schretter, C. E., Rocha, S., Gradinaru, V., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.018 · Cited by 3,622
Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS
Erny, D., Hrabě de Angelis, A. L., Jaitin, D., Wieghofer, P., Staszewski, O., David, E., Keren-Shaul, H., Mahlakoiv, T., Jakobshagen, K., Buch, T., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4030 · Cited by 3,569
The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates CNS Synapse Elimination
Stevens, B., Allen, N. J., Vazquez, L. E., Howell, G. R., Christopherson, K. S., Nouri, N., Micheva, K. D., Mehalow, A. K., Huberman, A. D., Stafford, B., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.036 · Cited by 3,313
Fate Mapping Reveals Origins and Dynamics of Monocytes and Tissue Macrophages under Homeostasis
Yona, S., Kim, K.-W., Wolf, Y., Mildner, A., Varol, D., Breker, M., Strauss-Ayali, D., Viukov, S., Guilliams, M., Misharin, A., et al. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.12.001 · Cited by 3,245
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Schonhoff A, Figge D, Williams G, Jurkuvenaite A, Gallups N, Childers G, et al. Bord-associated macrophages Mediat neuroinflammatory response alpha-synuclein model Parkinson Dis. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.12.511960. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tissue macrophages: origin, heterogenity, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets
Guan, F., Wang, R., Yi, Z., Luo, P., Liu, W., Xie, Y., Liu, Z., Xia, Z., Zhang, H., & Cheng, Q. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02124-y · Cited by 371
Lan, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, S., Guo, C., Jin, Y., Li, H., Wang, L., Zhao, J., Hao, Y., Li, Z., et al. (2024) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.008 · Cited by 108
Self-citationBorder-associated macrophages in the central nervous system
Sun, R., & Jiang, H. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03059-x · Cited by 120
Resident tissue macrophages: Key coordinators of tissue homeostasis beyond immunity
Zhao, J., Andreev, I., & Silva, H. M. (2024) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.add1967 · Cited by 109
Microglia heterogeneity, modeling and cell-state annotation in development and neurodegeneration
Fumagalli, L., Nazlie Mohebiany, A., Premereur, J., Polanco Miquel, P., Bijnens, B., Van de Walle, P., Fattorelli, N., & Mancuso, R. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01931-4 · Cited by 90
Müller, L., Benedetto, S. D., & Müller, V. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14010054 · Cited by 102
The role of microglia in early neurodevelopment and the effects of maternal immune activation
Mastenbroek, L., Kooistra, S. M., Eggen, B. J. L., & Prins, J. R. (2024) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-024-01017-6 · Cited by 82
Wu, X., Liu, H., Wang, J., Zhang, S., Hu, Q., Wang, T., Cui, W., Shi, Y., Bai, H., Zhou, J., et al. (2024) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/s41418-024-01329-y · Cited by 68
Martins, T. A., Kaymak, D., Tatari, N., Gerster, F., Hogan, S., Ritz, M.-F., Sabatino, V., Wieboldt, R., Bartoszek, E. M., McDaid, M., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54129-w · Cited by 54
Choroid plexus mast cells drive tumor-associated hydrocephalus
Li, Y., Di, C., Song, S., Zhang, Y., Lu, Y., Liao, J., Lei, B., Zhong, J., Guo, K., Zhang, N., et al. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.001 · Cited by 55
Mesquita, S. D., & Rua, R. (2024) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2024.03.007 · Cited by 46
Hong, H., Wang, Y., Menard, M. A., Buckley, J. A., Zhou, L., Volpicelli‐Daley, L. A., Standaert, D. G., Qin, H., & Benveniste, E. N. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03210-8 · Cited by 44
Otero, A. M., Connolly, M. G., Gonzalez-Ricon, R., Wang, S. S., Allen, J. M., & Antonson, A. M. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02648-9 · Cited by 33
Ma, H., Gao, L., Chang, R., Zhai, L., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38018 · Cited by 30
The role of angiogenic growth factors in the immune microenvironment of glioma
Ge, Z., Zhang, Q., Lin, W. J., Jiang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1254694 · Cited by 24
Lu, Z., Liu, Z., Wang, C., Jiang, R., Wang, Z., Liao, W., Wang, W., Chen, J., Zhu, X., Zhao, J., et al. (2024) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.14824 · Cited by 23
Tian, M., Kawaguchi, R., Shen, Y., Machnicki, M., Villegas, N. G., Cooper, D. R., Montgomery, N., Cai, Y., Haring, J., Lan, R., et al. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.002 · Cited by 24
Brain macrophage senescence in glioma
Li, L., Zhang, T. C., Xiao, M., Lu, Y., & Gao, L. (2024) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.07.005 · Cited by 22
Tsourmas, K. I., Butler, C. A., Kwang, N. E., Sloane, Z. R., Dykman, K. J. G., Maloof, G. O., Choudhury, B., Paulchakrabarti, M., Prekopa, C. A., Tabaie, E. Z., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63237-0 · Cited by 25
Volpedo, G., Riva, A., Nobili, L., Zara, F., Ravizza, T., & Striano, P. (2025) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-025-04093-z · Cited by 21
Emerging roles for innate and adaptive immunity in tauopathies
Johnson, A. M., & Lukens, J. R. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116232 · Cited by 19
Glial Cells in the Early Stages of Neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets
Ahremenko, E. A., Andreev, A., Apushkin, D., & Korkotian, E. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262411995 · Cited by 20
Manipulation of protein corona for nanomedicines
Li, T., Wang, Y., & Zhou, D. (2024) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.1982 · Cited by 16
LaBelle, J. J., Haase, R. D., Beck, A., Haase, J., Jiang, L., de Biagi, C. A. O., Neyazi, S., Englinger, B., Liu, I., Trissal, M. C., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102095 · Cited by 16
Pramanik, S., Harini Devi, M., Chakrabarty, S., Paylar, B., Pradhan, A., Thaker, M., Ayyadhury, S., Manavalan, A., Olsson, P., Pramanik, G., et al. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105834 · Cited by 18
CCR2 + monocyte-derived macrophages drive cardiac hypertrophy in early HFpEF
Raman, J., Simmonds, S. J., Caluwé, E., van Leeuwen, R. E. W., Walschap, C., Stroobants, M., Cöl, Ü., Vandervoort, P., Heymans, S. R. B., & Jones, E. A. V. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00022.2025 · Cited by 16
Liu, Z., Gu, S., Peng, Z., Wang, Y., Li, H., Zeng, X., Wang, H., Lv, P., Wu, Y., Zhou, Y., et al. (2025) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-025-07678-x · Cited by 13
The heart-brain crosstalk in age related cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases
Fahim, M. A., Yao, Y., Tipparaju, S. M., & Xuan, W. (2025) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-025-00700-6 · Cited by 13
Microglia in systemic neuroimmune communication: functions beyond phagocytosis
Di Pietro, A. A., Powley, S., Perciballi, E., Stewart, M., Therrien, M., & Scott-Hewitt, N. (2026) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2025.12.002 · Cited by 13
Yuan, Z.-Y., Zhang, X., Yu, Z., Wang, X., Zeng, Z.-H., Wei, M.-X., Qiu, M., Wang, J., Cheng, J., & Yi, L. (2024) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16162358 · Cited by 13
Efferocytosis: A new therapeutic target for stroke
Gao, L., Manaenko, A., Zeng, F., Li, J., Liu, L., Xie, R., Zhang, X., Zhang, J. H., Mei, Q., Tang, J., et al. (2024) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000003363 · Cited by 13
Li, T., Wang, W., Liu, W., Sun, M., Wang, Q., Li, Z., Hao, J., & Yu, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125329 · Cited by 12
Warden, A. S., Salem, N. A., Brenner, E. A., Sutherland, G. T., Stevens, J., Kapoor, M., Goate, A., & Mayfield, R. D. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.895 · Cited by 15
Revisiting the Pathogenesis of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Bougnères, P., & Le Stunff, C. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16050590 · Cited by 11
Gut–Brain–Microbiome Axis in the Regulation of Cancer Immune Escape and Immunotherapy in Tumors
Xu, W., Xu, Q., Luo, P., Qu, X., Guo, D., Xie, Z., Hang, N., Kuang, M., Chen, E., Wang, L., et al. (2025) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.0885 · Cited by 12
Suda, Y., Nakamura, K., Matsuyama, F., Hamada, Y., Makabe, H., Narita, M., Nagumo, Y., Mori, T., Kuzumaki, N., & Narita, M. (2024) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-024-01091-9 · Cited by 11
Role of macrophages in vascular calcification: From the perspective of homeostasis
Dong, R., Ji, Z., Wang, M., & Ma, G. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113635 · Cited by 11
Shen, K., Shi, Y., Wang, X., & Leung, S. W. S. (2024) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.202.0424 · Cited by 12
Lehtonen, H., Jokela, H., Hofmann, J. I., Tola, L., Mehmood, A., Ginhoux, F., Becher, B., Greter, M., Yegutkin, G. G., Salmi, M., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115227 · Cited by 9
Self-citationThe choroid plexus: a command center for brain–body communication during inflammation
Xu, H., Hehnly, C., & Lehtinen, M. K. (2025) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2025.102540 · Cited by 13
The Meninges as CNS Interfaces and the Roles of Meningeal Macrophages
Hiraki, C., & Tsuruta, F. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15040497 · Cited by 12
Glial Cells and Aging: From the CNS to the Cerebellum
Sala, G. L., & Farini, D. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26157553 · Cited by 12
Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) in Macrophages: A Promising Clinical Target for Immune Disorders
Yoon, H. H., & Grimsey, N. L. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26178657 · Cited by 10
Nomaki, K., Fujikawa, R., Masuda, T., & Tsuda, M. (2024) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-024-01098-2 · Cited by 9
Avalos, B., Kulbe, J. R., Ford, M. K., Laird, A. E., Walter, K., Mante, M., Florio, J. B., Boustani, A., Chaillon, A., Schlachetzki, J. C. M., et al. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16101509 · Cited by 11
Petit, M., Weber-Delacroix, E., Lanthiez, F., Barthélémy, S., Guillou, N., Firpion, M., Bonduelle, O., Hume, D. A., Combadière, C., & Boissonnas, A. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114847 · Cited by 9
Zhou, W., Chang, Y., Xiao, Q., Deng, Z., Zhang, L., Yuan, Z., & Du, Z. (2024) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2024.118014 · Cited by 9
IL-1b and TNF-a-driven sleep alterations: Neuroimmune mechanisms and behavioral implications
Zhang, N., Park, K., Chung, S., & Yim, Y. S. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101139 · Cited by 12
F4/80, the plasma membrane antigen of mouse macrophages, an historic journey
Gordon, S., Roberti, A., Yona, S., & Lin, H. (2025) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1093/jleuko/qiaf126 · Cited by 8
More than microglia: myeloid cells and biomarkers in neurodegeneration
Kodosaki, E., Bell, R., Sogorb‐Esteve, A., Wiltshire, K., Zetterberg, H., & Heslegrave, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1499458 · Cited by 6
iPSC-derived macrophages: An in vitro model to study human disease-relevant macrophage biology
Sauer, J., Schloesser, D., Koeppen, K., Fundel‐Clemens, K., Simone-Roach, C., Hall, K., Ivovic, A., Makings, J., Reiss, D., Traub, M., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkaf184 · Cited by 6
Glucocerebrosidase deficiency leads to neuropathology via cellular immune activation
Vincow, E. S., Thomas, R. E., Milstein, G., Pareek, G., Bammler, T. K., MacDonald, J. W., & Pallanck, L. J. (2024) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011105 · Cited by 6
Kim, S., Kim, T., Kim, H., Kim, J., Rogers, J. A., & Hahn, S. K. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202413189 · Cited by 6
Dolan, M.-J., Rakosi-Schmidt, R., Garcia, E., Lin, Y., Nadaf, N. M., Dixon, J., Guo, S., Morshed, N., Depp, C., Doman, J. L., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.22.649486 · Cited by 6
Brain metastases exhibit distinct spatial patterns of resident and infiltrating macrophages
Ratzabi, A., Caspit, I. M., Telechi, I., Kim, J.-S., Vaknine, H., Blinder, P., Jung, S., & Stein, R. (2026) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-026-03084-0 · Cited by 8
Shen, X., Zheng, C., Lin, R., Wang, J., & Chen, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1795042 · Cited by 5
Glymphatic system impairment in neurological disorders: potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Wang, N., Liu, Z. H., Wang, Y., Cao, F., & Xu, D. (2026) · Molecular Biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-026-00489-2 · Cited by 5
Macrophages Modulate Optic Nerve Crush Injury Scar Formation and Retinal Ganglion Cell Function
Liu, Y., Liu, X., Dorizas, C. A., Hao, Z., & Lee, R. K. (2024) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.65.10.22 · Cited by 5
Ren, X. S., He, J., Li, S., Hu, H., Kyle, M. M., Kohsaka, S., & Zhao, L. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25168898 · Cited by 5
Temnik, M., Rudyk, M. P., Balakin, A., Gurin, S., Dovbynchuk, T., Byshovets, R., Dziubenko, N., Tolstanova, G. M., & Skivka, L. M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-97830-6 · Cited by 6
Microglial MS4A4A Protects against Epileptic Seizures in Alzheimer's Disease
Jiang, M., Li, Q., Chen, J., Li, R., Yao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, H., Cai, L., Luo, M., Sun, Y., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202417733 · Cited by 6
Depletion of CD169+ border-associated macrophages induces Parkinson’s disease-like behavior
Ohki, T., Kitamura, K., Tokutake, K., Saeki, S., Yamamoto, M., Takasu, M., & Hirata, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1688394 · Cited by 4
Man, F., Wang, K., Yang, Z., An, L., You, C., Li, R., Cai, Y., Li, Y., Chen, L., Liu, Y., et al. (2026) · Interdisciplinary medicine · doi:10.1002/inmd.70076 · Cited by 4
Zhao, P., Li, S., Liu, Q., Peng, X.-C., Liu, L., Yang, F.-Y., Wang, C., Qian, F., & Tang, F.-R. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2026.1726194 · Cited by 6
Nanotechnology-enabled strategies to overcome the blood–brain barrier for glioma treatment
Xuan, Y., Luo, J., Zhang, M., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, S. (2026) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2026.101643 · Cited by 5
Aging and neurodegeneration: when systemic dysregulations affect brain macrophage heterogeneity
Joly, P., Labsy, R., & Silvin, A. (2025) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkae034 · Cited by 5
Self-citationChen, J., Wu, Q., Berglund, A., Macaulay, R. J. B., Mulé, J. J., & Etame, A. B. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17111799 · Cited by 4
Wang, C., Motlagh, N. J., Wojtkiewicz, G. R., Yang, H., Kim, H.-H., & Chen, J. W. (2024) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.96488 · Cited by 4
Xue, L., Ouyang, W., Qi, P., Zhu, Y., Qi, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Wang, L., & Cui, L. (2025) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-025-01182-1 · Cited by 4
Neuroimmunology: reviews and perspectives on recent advances
Qi, H. (2023) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-023-01092-z · Cited by 4
WITHDRAWN: Border-associated macrophages in the central nervous system
Sun, R., & Jiang, H. (2024) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2024.109921 · Cited by 4
RetractedTsourmas, K. I., Butler, C. A., Kwang, N. E., Sloane, Z. R., Dykman, K. J. G., Maloof, G. O., Prekopa, C. A., Krattli, R. P., El-Khatib, S. M., Swarup, V., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.21.619538 · Cited by 4
Mou, L., Zheng, L., Wang, B., Quan, Z., Xiao, X., Fu, X., & Wu, L. (2025) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202501334r · Cited by 3
Uemura, K., Hiro, S., Attachaipanich, S., Du, R., Yusof, N. I. S. M., Kinoshita, M., Hikosaka, M., & Ohtsuki, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2025.1669272 · Cited by 5
Hills, C., Hernandez, C. A., Gabbay, V., & Berman, J. W. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15050399 · Cited by 3
Lu, B., Xu, M., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Sun, P., Yang, L., Shi, J., & Huang, J. (2026) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-026-08701-5 · Cited by 3
Liu, C., Li, T., Ji, J.-J., Li, Z., Samsom, J., Liu, K., Lu, Q., Zhu, W., & Liu, F. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106770 · Cited by 4
Richard, S. A., Roy, S. K., & Asiamah, E. A. (2024) · Clinical Medicine Insights Oncology · doi:10.1177/11795549241282098 · Cited by 3
LeVasseur, H. L., & Zhou, B. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2025.578711 · Cited by 2
Cuffaro, D., Ceni, C., Capitini, C., Gabbia, D., Zanotto, I., Bertolini, A., Mirabeni, M., Bertini, S., Saba, A., Martin, S. D., et al. (2025) · eFood · doi:10.1002/efd2.70094 · Cited by 2
Physical Exercise Benefits Cognition: A Narrative Review of Evidence and Possible Mechanisms
Wang, T.-F., Mee-inta, O., & Kuo, Y. (2025) · Advances in neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_7 · Cited by 2
Temnik, M., Rudyk, M. P., Balakin, A., Gurin, S., Dovbynchuk, T., Byshovets, R., Dziubenko, N., Tolstanova, G. M., & Skivka, L. M. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-025-10257-8 · Cited by 2
Grabon, W., Gasmi, N., Lang, A., Ruiz, A., Georges, B., Blot, V., Ogier, M., Rheims, S., Navarro, F. P., & Bezin, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1695856 · Cited by 2
Intravital observation of neuronal and immune cell dynamics in the developing mammalian brain
Long, Z., Yu, Y., He, C., Xu, L., Yan, Y., Li, Z., Guo, Z. V., & Mi, D. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.11.017 · Cited by 3
CD11c+ microglia: From basic research to clinical application
Zhou, Z., Zhao, Y., Fan, X., Zhang, J., Niu, R., Ma, Y., Xie, F., Tang, P., Mei, X., Zhang, L., et al. (2025) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-25-00868 · Cited by 2
Marqués, J., Basurco, L., Ainzúa, E., Marqués, V., Solas, M., Santamaría, E., Fernández‐Irigoyen, J., Maselli, D., Martínez-Azcona, M., Roncal, C., et al. (2026) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2026.168188 · Cited by 2
RetractedPrevention of NMDA receptor sensitization by neurotoxic β-amyloid through polyphosphate coacervation
Müller, W. E. G., Perović‐Ottstadt, S., Dobmeyer, R., Neufurth, M., Nassabi, H., Muñoz‐Espí, R., Ushijima, H., Schröder, H. C., & Wang, X. (2026) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2026.119578 · Cited by 2
Wang, X., Wang, T., Zhu, D., Wang, J., & Han, W. (2024) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1093/cei/uxae105 · Cited by 2
Impaired Efferocytosis of Pericytes and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Diabetic Retinopathy
Gardiner, T. A., Little, K., & Stitt, A. W. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14171349 · Cited by 2
The neuronal-like behaviour of macrophages
Giovanni, S. D. (2025) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2025.04.003 · Cited by 1
Internalization of external tau aggregates co-localize with early endocytic markers and lysosomes
Melo, F., Flores, N., Navarrete, I. C., Caballero, L., & Cornejo, A. (2025) · Biophysical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bpc.2025.107505 · Cited by 1
Microglia Immunophenotyping in Paraffin Sections of the Brain
Razenkova, V. A., Kirik, O. V., & Korzhevsky, D. E. (2025) · Cell and Tissue Biology · doi:10.1134/s1990519x25600541 · Cited by 1
Wang, W., Wen, R., Li, Q., Cai, Z., Ou, Z., & Zheng, L. (2025) · Aggregate · doi:10.1002/agt2.70182 · Cited by 1
Immune cells in cerebral small vessel disease: Emerging roles and potential targeting therapies
Zhan, Y., Wang, Y., Bai, M., Feng, J., Wei, J., & Wang, J. (2026) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-25-00858 · Cited by 1
The Roles of Macrophage Lineage Cells ( MLC s) in Brain Aging
Qin, Q., Zhang, L., Guo, M., Lu, D., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Hu, M., Wang, S., Kang, X., Yi, H., et al. (2026) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cns.70873 · Cited by 1
García‐Cosamalón, J., Marchena, M., Villar‐Suárez, V., Ley, L., & de Castro, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2026.1785072 · Cited by 1
Zhao, X., Wang, L., Ren, S., Yang, Z., & Wu, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1824143 · Cited by 1
Szukiewicz, D., Almeida‐de‐Souza, J., Gryka-Marton, M., Wątroba, M., & Grabowska, A. D. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18132106 · Cited by 1
Lee, E., & Kang, Y. (2026) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-26-0485 · Cited by 1
Liu, X., Li, M., Wei, Z., Shang, T., & Zou, W. (2026) · ASN NEURO · doi:10.1080/17590914.2026.2687503 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Silvin, A., Qian, J., & Ginhoux, F.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Ginhoux, Florent
- Venue
- Cellular & Molecular Immunology
- Published
- 2023-06-26
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1277-1289
- ISSN
- 1672-7681 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-0226
- PMC
- PMC10616292
- OpenAlex
- W4382181798
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 165
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 6
- FWCI
- 3.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- brain macrophages, microglia, border-associated macrophages, meningeal macrophages, choroid plexus macrophages, perivascular macrophages, monocyte-derived macrophages, macrophage heterogeneity, macrophage ontogeny, brain development, healthy aging, neurodegenerative diseases, glioma, macrophage reprogramming, prognostic factors, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Autoimmune Diseases, Brain, Humans, Macrophages, Meninges, Microglia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review