The DOI matches its Crossref record; 98 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function
Open accessAbstract
General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16–102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci ( P < 5 × 10 −8 ) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482
Subramanian, A., Tamayo, P., Mootha, V. K., Mukherjee, S., Ebert, B. L., Gillette, M. A., Paulovich, A., Pomeroy, S. L., Golub, T. R., Lander, E. S., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506580102 · Cited by 53,625
Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology
Ashburner, M., Ball, C. A., Blake, J. A., Botstein, D., Butler, H., Cherry, J. M., Davis, A. P., Dolinski, K., Dwight, S. S., Eppig, J. T., et al. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/75556 · Cited by 43,206
An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome
The ENCODE Project Consortium (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11247 · Cited by 18,072
ANNOVAR: functional annotation of genetic variants from high-throughput sequencing data
Wang, K., Li, M., & Hakonarson, H. (2010) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkq603 · Cited by 14,621
A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing.
The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09534 · Cited by 7,877
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13595 · Cited by 7,577
Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes
Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium, Kundaje, A., Meuleman, W., Ernst, J., Bilenky, M., Yen, A., Heravi-Moussavi, A., Kheradpour, P., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14248 · Cited by 6,368
"General Intelligence," Objectively Determined and Measured
Spearman, C. (1904) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1412107 · Cited by 6,207
A general framework for estimating the relative pathogenicity of human genetic variants
Kircher, M., Witten, D. M., Jain, P., O'Roak, B. J., Cooper, G. M., & Shendure, J. (2014) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2892 · Cited by 6,183
Cited by
23andMe Research Team, Lee, J. J., COGENT (Cognitive Genomics Consortium), Social Science Genetic Association Consortium, Wedow, R., Okbay, A., Kong, E., Maghzian, O., Zacher, M., Nguyen-Viet, T. A., et al. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0147-3 · Cited by 2,470
Self-citationSingle-cell transcriptomic analysis of Alzheimer’s disease
Mathys, H., Davila-Velderrain, J., Peng, Z., Gao, F., Mohammadi, S., Young, J. Z., Menon, M., He, L., Abdurrob, F., Jiang, X., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1195-2 · Cited by 2,568
Self-citationThe role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function
Friedman, N. P., & Robbins, T. W. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01132-0 · Cited by 1,737
Genome-wide association studies of brain imaging phenotypes in UK Biobank
Elliott, L. T., Sharp, K., Alfaro-Almagro, F., Shi, S., Miller, K. L., Douaud, G., Marchini, J., & Smith, S. M. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0571-7 · Cited by 834
Brain cell type–specific enhancer–promoter interactome maps and disease - risk association
Nott, A., Holtman, I. R., Coufal, N. G., Schlachetzki, J. C. M., Yu, M., Hu, R., Han, C. Z., Pena, M., Xiao, J., Wu, Y., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay0793 · Cited by 699
Metadata
- Authors
- Davies, G., Lam, M., Harris, S. E., Trampush, J. W., Luciano, M., Hill, W. D., Hagenaars, S. P., Ritchie, S. J., Marioni, R. E., Fawns-Ritchie, C., Liewald, D. C. M., Okely, J. A., Ahola-Olli, A. V., Barnes, C. L. K., Bertram, L., Bis, J. C., Burdick, K. E., Christoforou, A., DeRosse, P., Djurovic, S., Espeseth, T., Giakoumaki, S., Giddaluru, S., Gustavson, D. E., Hayward, C., Hofer, E., Ikram, M. A., Karlsson, R., Knowles, E., Lahti, J., Leber, M., Li, S., Mather, K. A., Melle, I., Morris, D., Oldmeadow, C., Palviainen, T., Payton, A., Pazoki, R., Petrovic, K., Reynolds, C. A., Sargurupremraj, M., Scholz, M., Smith, J. A., Smith, A. V., Terzikhan, N., Thalamuthu, A., Trompet, S., van der Lee, S. J., Ware, E. B., Windham, B. G., Wright, M. J., Yang, J., Yu, J., Ames, D., Amin, N., Amouyel, P., Andreassen, O. A., Armstrong, N. J., Assareh, A. A., Attia, J. R., Attix, D., Avramopoulos, D., Bennett, D. A., Böhmer, A. C., Boyle, P. A., Brodaty, H., Campbell, H., Cannon, T. D., Cirulli, E. T., Congdon, E., Conley, E. D., Corley, J., Cox, S. R., Dale, A. M., Dehghan, A., Dick, D., Dickinson, D., Eriksson, J. G., Evangelou, E., Faul, J. D., Ford, I., Freimer, N. A., Gao, H., Giegling, I., Gillespie, N. A., Gordon, S. D., Gottesman, R. F., Griswold, M. E., Gudnason, V., Harris, T. B., Hartmann, A. M., Hatzimanolis, A., Heiss, G., Holliday, E. G., Joshi, P. K., Kähönen, M., Kardia, S. L. R., Karlsson, I., Kleineidam, L., Knopman, D. S., Kochan, N. A., Konte, B., Kwok, J. B., Le Hellard, S., Lee, T., Lehtimäki, T., Li, S.-C., Lill, C. M., Liu, T., Koini, M., London, E., Longstreth, W. T., Lopez, O. L., Loukola, A., Luck, T., Lundervold, A. J., Lundquist, A., Lyytikäinen, L.-P., Martin, N. G., Montgomery, G. W., Murray, A. D., Need, A. C., Noordam, R., Nyberg, L., Ollier, W., Papenberg, G., Pattie, A., Polasek, O., Poldrack, R. A., Psaty, B. M., Reppermund, S., Riedel-Heller, S. G., Rose, R. J., Rotter, J. I., Roussos, P., Rovio, S. P., Saba, Y., Sabb, F. W., Sachdev, P. S., Satizabal, C. L., Schmid, M., Scott, R. J., Scult, M. A., Simino, J., Slagboom, P. E., Smyrnis, N., Soumaré, A., Stefanis, N. C., Stott, D. J., Straub, R. E., Sundet, K., Taylor, A. M., Taylor, K. D., Tzoulaki, I., Tzourio, C., Uitterlinden, A., Vitart, V., Voineskos, A. N., Kaprio, J., Wagner, M., Wagner, H., Weinhold, L., Wen, K. H., Widen, E., Yang, Q., Zhao, W., Adams, H. H. H., Arking, D. E., Bilder, R. M., Bitsios, P., Boerwinkle, E., Chiba-Falek, O., Corvin, A., De Jager, P. L., Debette, S., Donohoe, G., Elliott, P., Fitzpatrick, A. L., Gill, M., Glahn, D. C., Hägg, S., Hansell, N. K., Hariri, A. R., Ikram, M. K., Jukema, J. W., Vuoksimaa, E., Keller, M. C., Kremen, W. S., Launer, L., Lindenberger, U., Palotie, A., Pedersen, N. L., Pendleton, N., Porteous, D. J., Räikkönen, K., Raitakari, O. T., Ramirez, A., Reinvang, I., Rudan, I., Rujescu, D., Schmidt, R., Schmidt, H., Schofield, P. W., Schofield, P. R., Starr, J. M., Steen, V. M., Trollor, J. N., Turner, S. T., Van Duijn, C. M., Villringer, A., Weinberger, D. R., Weir, D. R., Wilson, J. F., Malhotra, A., McIntosh, A. M., Gale, C. R., Seshadri, S., Mosley, T. H., Bressler, J., Lencz, T., & Deary, I. J.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2018-05-29
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2098-2098
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2806395345
- Cited by
- 686
- References
- 98
- FWCI
- 37.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41467-018-04362-x
- The paper
- Davies, G., Lam, M., Harris, S. E., Trampush, J. W., Luciano, M., Hill, W. D., Hagenaars, S. P., Ritchie, S. J., Marioni, R. E., Fawns-Ritchie, C., Liewald, D. C. M., Okely, J. A., Ahola-Olli, A. V., Barnes, C. L. K., Bertram, L., Bis, J. C., Burdick, K. E., Christoforou, A., DeRosse, P., . . . Deary, I. J. (2018). Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04362-x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.