The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
Different population dynamics in the supplementary motor area and motor cortex during reaching
Open accessAbstract
Neural populations perform computations through their collective activity. Different computations likely require different population-level dynamics. We leverage this assumption to examine neural responses recorded from the supplementary motor area (SMA) and motor cortex. During visually guided reaching, the respective roles of these areas remain unclear; neurons in both areas exhibit preparation-related activity and complex patterns of movement-related activity. To explore population dynamics, we employ a novel "hypothesis-guided" dimensionality reduction approach. This approach reveals commonalities but also stark differences: linear population dynamics, dominated by rotations, are prominent in motor cortex but largely absent in SMA. In motor cortex, the observed dynamics produce patterns resembling muscle activity. Conversely, the non-rotational patterns in SMA co-vary with cues regarding when movement should be initiated. Thus, while SMA and motor cortex display superficially similar single-neuron responses during visually guided reaching, their different population dynamics indicate they are likely performing quite different computations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Perceiving what is reachable indeed activates motor representation of reaching actions, whose neural bases are reported to include motor and premotor regions (the dorsal premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area), as well as posterior parietal cortex (V6A and parietal reach region in anterior and medial intraparietal sulcus)”
From The Peripersonal Space in a social world (2021) · cites this paper as Lara, Cunningham, & Churchland, 2018
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Neuronal Population Coding of Movement Direction
Georgopoulos, A. P., Schwartz, A. B., & Kettner, R. E. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3749885 · Cited by 3,219
Functional role of the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas
Nachev, P., Kennard, C., & Husain, M. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2478 · Cited by 1,928
Context-dependent computation by recurrent dynamics in prefrontal cortex
Mante, V., Sussillo, D., Shenoy, K. V., & Newsome, W. T. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12742 · Cited by 1,910
Motor Areas of the Medial Wall: A Review of Their Location and Functional Activation
Picard, N., & Strick, P. L. (1996) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/6.3.342 · Cited by 1,712
Neural population dynamics during reaching
Churchland, M. M., Cunningham, J. P., Kaufman, M. T., Foster, J. D., Nuyujukian, P., Ryu, S. I., & Shenoy, K. V. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11129 · Cited by 1,704
Self-citationRelation of pyramidal tract activity to force exerted during voluntary movement.
Evarts, E. V. (1968) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1968.31.1.14 · Cited by 1,258
Supplementary motor area structure and function: Review and hypotheses
Goldberg, G. (1985) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00045167 · Cited by 1,249
Dimensionality reduction for large-scale neural recordings
Cunningham, J. P., & Yu, B. M. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3776 · Cited by 1,219
Self-citationThe neocortical circuit: themes and variations
Harris, K. D., & Shepherd, G. M. G. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3917 · Cited by 1,215
The Frontal Lobes and Voluntary Action
Passingham, R. (1993) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198521853.001.0001 · Cited by 970
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Petreska, B. et al. in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Vol. 24 (eds Shawe-Taylor, J. et al.) 756–764 (Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, New York, 2011).
- Munoz, D. P. & Schall, J. D. in The Oculomotor System: New Approaches for Studying Sensorimotor Integration. (eds Hall, W. C. & Moschovakis, A. K.) 52–82 (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2003).
- Gao, Y., Archer, E., Paninski, L. & Cunningham, J. P. 30th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) (Barcelona, Spain, 2016).
- Macke, J. H. et al. Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) (Lake Tahoe, CA, USA, 2016).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Computation Through Neural Population Dynamics
Vyas, S., Golub, M. D., Sussillo, D., & Shenoy, K. V. (2020) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-092619-094115 · Cited by 671
Long-term stability of cortical population dynamics underlying consistent behavior
Gallego, J. Á., Perich, M. G., Chowdhury, R. H., Solla, S. A., & Miller, L. E. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0555-4 · Cited by 429
Towards the neural population doctrine
Saxena, S., & Cunningham, J. P. (2019) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2019.02.002 · Cited by 334
Self-citationBayesian Computation through Cortical Latent Dynamics
Sohn, H., Narain, D., Meirhaeghe, N., & Jazayeri, M. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.06.012 · Cited by 235
Prefrontal cortex exhibits multidimensional dynamic encoding during decision-making
Aoi, M., Mante, V., & Pillow, J. W. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0696-5 · Cited by 182
Metadata
- Authors
- Lara, A. H., Cunningham, J. P., & Churchland, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Churchland, M. M.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2018-07-16
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2754-2754
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6048147
- OpenAlex
- W2832227888
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 7.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Simons Foundation (SCGB#542957, SCGB#325233, 325233)
- McKnight Foundation (P30 EY019007)
- Searle Scholars Program
- National Institutes of Health (EY019007)
- N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care
- National Eye Institute (P30EY019007)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS092350, U19NS104649, DP2NS083037, F32NS092350, R01NS100066)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- supplementary motor area, motor cortex, population dynamics, visually guided reaching, movement-related activity, motor preparation, muscle activity, population coding
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Electrodes, Implanted, Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Hand, Macaca mulatta, Male, Motor Cortex, Motor Neurons, Movement, Neural Pathways, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Stereotaxic Techniques, Range of Motion, Articular, Muscle, Skeletal, Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
