The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted via contact and via the air between ferrets
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that emerged in late 2019, has spread rapidly worldwide, and information about the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among humans is critical to apply appropriate infection control measures and to slow its spread. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted efficiently via direct contact and via the air (via respiratory droplets and/or aerosols) between ferrets, 1 to 3 days and 3 to 7 days after exposure respectively. The pattern of virus shedding in the direct contact and indirect recipient ferrets is similar to that of the inoculated ferrets and infectious virus is isolated from all positive animals, showing that ferrets are productively infected via either route. This study provides experimental evidence of robust transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via the air, supporting the implementation of community-level social distancing measures currently applied in many countries in the world and informing decisions on infection control measures in healthcare settings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884
A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001017 · Cited by 28,244
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C.-L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 · Cited by 21,969
Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia
Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Leung, K. S. M., Lau, E. H. Y., Wong, J. Y., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001316 · Cited by 16,575
Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1
van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D. H., Holbrook, M. G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B. N., Tamin, A., Harcourt, J. L., Thornburg, N. J., Gerber, S. I., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2004973 · Cited by 9,951
Chan, J. F.-W., Yuan, S., Kok, K.-H., To, K. K.-W., Chu, H., Yang, J., Xing, F., Liu, J., Yip, C. C.-Y., Poon, R. W.-S., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30154-9 · Cited by 8,944
Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Gorbalenya, A. E., Baker, S. C., Baric, R. S., de Groot, R. J., Drosten, C., Gulyaeva, A. A., Haagmans, B. L., Lauber, C., Leontovich, A. M., et al. (2020) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z · Cited by 8,403
Self-citationDetection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR
Corman, V. M., Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, D. K., Bleicker, T., Brünink, S., Schneider, J., Schmidt, M. L., et al. (2020) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.3.2000045 · Cited by 7,344
Self-citationWu, J. T., Leung, K., & Leung, G. M. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30260-9 · Cited by 4,389
Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2
Shang, J., Ye, G., Shi, K., Wan, Y., Luo, C., Aihara, H., Geng, Q., Auerbach, A., & Li, F. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2179-y · Cited by 3,661
Cited by
Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
Hu, B., Guo, H., Zhou, P., & Shi, Z.-L. (2021) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7 · Cited by 5,291
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development
Krammer, F. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2798-3 · Cited by 2,098
Muñoz-Fontela, C., Dowling, W. E., Funnell, S. G. P., Gsell, P.-S., Riveros-Balta, A. X., Albrecht, R. A., Andersen, H., Baric, R. S., Carroll, M. W., Cavaleri, M., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2787-6 · Cited by 798
Self-citationTransmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Viral, Host, and Environmental Factors
Meyerowitz, E. A., Richterman, A., Gandhi, R. T., & Sax, P. E. (2021) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-5008 · Cited by 747
Damas, J., Hughes, G. M., Keough, K. C., Painter, C. A., Persky, N. S., Corbo, M., Hiller, M., Koepfli, K.-P., Pfenning, A. R., Zhao, H., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2010146117 · Cited by 633
Metadata
- Authors
- Richard, M., Kok, A., de Meulder, D., Bestebroer, T. M., Lamers, M. M., Okba, N. M. A., Fentener van Vlissingen, M., Rockx, B., Haagmans, B. L., Koopmans, M. P. G., Fouchier, R. A. M., & Herfst, S.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2020-07-08
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3496-3496
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3040980064
- Cited by
- 452
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 48.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- Licence
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor)
- Funders
- EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (731014)
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201400008C)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted via contact and via the air between ferrets. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41467-020-17367-2
- The paper
- Richard, M., Kok, A., de Meulder, D., Bestebroer, T. M., Lamers, M. M., Okba, N. M. A., Fentener van Vlissingen, M., Rockx, B., Haagmans, B. L., Koopmans, M. P. G., Fouchier, R. A. M., & Herfst, S. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted via contact and via the air between ferrets. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17367-2
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
