Deep Nasal Sinus Cavity Microbiota Dysbiosis in Parkinson’s Disease
Open accessAbstract
Olfactory dysfunction is a pre-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that appears years prior to diagnosis and can affect quality of life in PD. Changes in microbiota community in deep nasal cavity near the olfactory bulb may trigger the olfactory bulb-mediated neuroinflammatory cascade and eventual dopamine loss in PD. To determine if the deep nasal cavity microbiota of PD is significantly altered in comparison to healthy controls, we characterized the microbiota of the deep nasal cavity using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in PD subjects and compared it to that of spousal and non-spousal healthy controls. Correlations between microbial taxa and PD symptom severity were also explored. Olfactory microbial communities of PD individuals were more similar to those of their spousal controls than to non-household controls. In direct comparison of PD and spousal controls and of PD and non-spousal controls, significantly differently abundant taxa were identified, and this included increased relative abundance of putative opportunistic-pathobiont species such as Moraxella catarrhalis. M. catarrhalis was also significantly correlated with more severe motor scores in PD subjects. This proof-of-concept study provides evidence that potential pathobionts are detected in the olfactory bulb and that a subset of changes in the PD microbiota community could be a consequence of unique environmental factors associated with PD living. We hypothesize that an altered deep nasal microbiota, characterized by a putative pro-inflammatory microbial community, could trigger neuroinflammation in PD.
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The discrepancy in nasal microbiota findings probably reflects difficulty in considering variables such as sampling location, collection method and analysis pipeline, which often differ among studies.
“This discrepancy probably reflects the struggle to consider different variables, such as sampling location, collection method and analysis pipeline, which often differ among studies [503].”
From The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [503]
Olfactory dysfunction is an early marker of PD that arises far before motor symptoms.
“Since olfactory dysfunction is an early marker of PD, which arises far before the appearance of the motor symptoms, few authors started to investigate the potential role of nasal microbiota in disease pathogenesis [503].”
From The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [503]
16SrRNA sequencing of the deep nasal cavity in PD patients versus healthy controls revealed a positive correlation between abundance of Moraxella catarrhalis and motor symptoms in PD.
“So far, the only evidence comes from a study by Pal et al., who performed 16SrRNA sequencing of the deep nasal cavity in PD patients versus healthy controls and revealed a positive correlation between the abundance of the opportunistic bacterium Moraxella catarrhalis and motor symptoms in PD [503].”
From The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [503]
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- Authors
- Pal, G., Ramirez, V., Engen, P. A., Naqib, A., Forsyth, C. B., Green, S. J., Mahdavinia, M., Batra, P. S., Tajudeen, B. A., & Keshavarzian, A.
- Affiliations
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Keshavarzian, Ali
- ORCID
- Venue
- npj Parkinson s Disease
- Published
- 2021-12-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 111-111
- ISSN
- 2373-8057 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8655044
- OpenAlex
- W4200595710
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- npj Parkinson s Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Rush University
- National Institutes of Health (2kl2tr002387-06)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (KL2‐TR002387)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, dysbiosis, olfactory dysfunction, olfactory bulb, Moraxella catarrhalis, pathobionts, neuroinflammation, motor impairment severity, spousal control, environmental factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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