Cited by 8,495Toxic Organic Pollutants ImpactAtmospheric chemistry and aerosolsAir Quality and Health Impacts

Occurrence of the potent mutagens 2- nitrobenzanthrone and 3-nitrobenzanthrone in fine airborne particles

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Santos, Aldenor G., da Rocha, Gisele O., de Andrade, Jailson B.·2019·Scientific Reports

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are known due to their mutagenic activity. Among them, 2-nitrobenzanthrone (2-NBA) and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) are considered as two of the most potent mutagens found in atmospheric particles. In the present study 2-NBA, 3-NBA and selected PAHs and Nitro-PAHs were determined in fine particle samples (PM 2.5) collected in a bus station and an outdoor site. The fuel used by buses was a diesel-biodiesel (96:4) blend and light-duty vehicles run with any ethanol-to-gasoline proportion. The concentrations of 2-NBA and 3-NBA were, on average, under 14.8 µg g −1 and 4.39 µg g −1 , respectively. In order to access the main sources and formation routes of these compounds, we performed ternary correlations and multivariate statistical analyses. The main sources for the studied compounds in the bus station were diesel/biodiesel exhaust followed by floor resuspension. In the coastal site, vehicular emission, photochemical formation and wood combustion were the main sources for 2-NBA and 3-NBA as well as the other PACs. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were calculated for both places, which presented low values, showing low cancer risk incidence although the ILCR values for the bus station were around 2.5 times higher than the ILCR from the coastal site.

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    “At one extreme, cold brew coffee prepared at temperatures less than 25 °C is widely reported to be sweeter and less acidic than hot brewed coffee20–23, suggesting that less dramatic temperature differences might play a similar role for hot drip brew coffee.”
  • Li and colleagues developed an in vitro evolution strategy, and six mutations (A1979G, G3936C, A4311G, A4758G, G4796T, G4944A) were identified in the nsP2 and nsP3 of the VEEV replicon, which were shown to promote expression of subgenomic RNA in cells.

    “Li and colleagues developed an in vitro evolution strategy, and six mutations (namely A1979G, G3936C, A4311G, A4758G, G4796T, G4944A) were identified in the nsP2 and nsP3 of the VEEV replicon, which were shown to promote expression of subgenomic RNA in cells.210”

    From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [210]

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  1. [70]United States Environmental Protection Agency. Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition. U.S., 1–1466 (Environ. Prot. Agency EPA/600/R-, EPA/600/R-090/052F, 2011).

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Authors
Santos, A. G., da Rocha, G. O., & de Andrade, J. B.
Affiliations
Universidade Federal da Bahia (BR)
Venue
Scientific Reports
Published
2019-01-09
Volume
9
Issue
1
Pages
1-1
ISSN
2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2909240409
Cited by
8,495
References
69
Citations by year
2026: 45 · 2025: 538 · 2024: 760 · 2023: 1312 · 2022: 1828 · 2021: 2229 · 2020: 1679 · 2019: 97 · 2018: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
631.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ((Code 001))
  • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
  • Petrobras
  • Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
Keywords
3-nitrobenzanthrone, PM2.5, vehicle emissions, wood combustion, photochemical formation, source apportionment, incremental lifetime cancer risk, urban air pollution

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