Cited by 203Schizophrenia research and treatmentBipolar Disorder and TreatmentMental Health and Psychiatry

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 144 of the 144 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature

Open access

Birur, Badari, Kraguljac, Nina Vanessa, Shelton, Richard C., Lahti, Adrienne Carol·2017·npj Schizophrenia

DOI 10.1038/s41537-017-0013-9PMC PMC5441538

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Since Emil Kraepelin’s conceptualization of endogenous psychoses as dementia praecox and manic depression, the separation between primary psychotic disorders and primary affective disorders has been much debated. We conducted a systematic review of case–control studies contrasting magnetic resonance imaging studies in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A literature search in PubMed of studies published between January 2005 and December 2016 was conducted, and 50 structural, 29 functional, 7 magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and 8 combined imaging and genetic studies were deemed eligible for systematic review. Structural neuroimaging studies suggest white matter integrity deficits that are consistent across the illnesses, while gray matter reductions appear more widespread in schizophrenia compared to bipolar disorder. Spectroscopy studies in cortical gray matter report evidence of decreased neuronal integrity in both disorders. Functional neuroimaging studies typically report similar functional architecture of brain networks in healthy controls and patients across the psychosis spectrum, but find differential extent of alterations in task related activation and resting state connectivity between illnesses. The very limited imaging-genetic literature suggests a relationship between psychosis risk genes and brain structure, and possible gene by diagnosis interaction effects on functional imaging markers. While the existing literature suggests some shared and some distinct neural markers in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it will be imperative to conduct large, well designed, multi-modal neuroimaging studies in medication-naïve first episode patients that will be followed longitudinally over the course of their illness in an effort to advance our understanding of disease mechanisms.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41537-017-0013-9

Cites

144 of 144 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Fig. 1 Process of study selectionCC BY · PubMed Central

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo‐planar mri
Biswal, B., Zerrin Yetkin, F., Haughton, V. M., & Hyde, J. S. (1995) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910340409 · Cited by 9,812
FreeSurfer
Fischl, B. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021 · Cited by 9,526
Voxel-Based Morphometry—The Methods
Ashburner, J., & Friston, K. J. (2000) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0582 · Cited by 8,676
Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging
Fox, M. D., & Raichle, M. E. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2201 · Cited by 6,700
Tract-based spatial statistics: Voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data
Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Johansen‐Berg, H., Rueckert, D., Nichols, T. E., Mackay, C. E., Watkins, K. E., Ciccarelli, O., Cader, M. Z., Matthews, P. M., et al. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024 · Cited by 6,598
Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects
Damoiseaux, J. S., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Barkhof, F., Scheltens, P., Stam, C. J., Smith, S. M., & Beckmann, C. F. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601417103 · Cited by 4,326
Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation.
Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Chesler, D. A., Goldberg, I. E., Weisskoff, R. M., Poncelet, B. P., Kennedy, D. N., Hoppel, B. E., Cohen, M. S., & Turner, R. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5675 · Cited by 4,212
Image Formation by Induced Local Interactions: Examples Employing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Lauterbur, P. C. (1973) · Nature · doi:10.1038/242190a0 · Cited by 3,825
Diffusion tensor imaging: Concepts and applications
Le Bihan, D., Mangin, J., Poupon, C., Clark, C. A., Pappata, S., Molko, N., & Chabriat, H. (2001) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.1076 · Cited by 3,547
A default mode of brain function: a brief history of an evolving idea
Raichle, M. E., & Snyder, A. Z. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.041 · Cited by 2,173

Show all 144 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Intravenous Ketamine for the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders: a Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines. Ottawa (ON). (2014).
Pina-Camacho, L. et al. Age at first episode modulates diagnosis-related structural brain abnormalities in psychosis. Schizophr. Bull. 42, 344–357 (2016). · DOI
Radonic, E. et al. Comparison of hippocampal volumes in schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorder. Coll. Antropol. 1, 249–252 (2011).

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 203

Brain changes associated with negative symptoms in clinical high risk for psychosis: A systematic review
Metzak, P. D., Devoe, D. J. A., Iwaschuk, A., Braun, A., & Addington, J. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.041 · Cited by 10
Recent Advances and Future Directions in Brain MR Imaging Studies in Schizophrenia: Toward Elucidating Brain Pathology and Developing Clinical Tools
Koike, S., Uematsu, A., Sasabayashi, D., Maikusa, N., Takahashi, T., Ohi, K., Nakajima, S., Noda, Y., & Hirano, Y. (2021) · Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences · doi:10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0050 · Cited by 10
Specific white matter connectomic changes in schizophrenia compared with psychotic bipolar disorder
Qiu, Y., Dai, J., Zou, Y., Zhao, L., Xia, X., Li, L., Zhao, J., Liu, T., Zhang, Y., Wu, J., et al. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102468 · Cited by 8
Investigating Post-translational Modifications in Neuropsychiatric Disease: The Next Frontier in Human Post-mortem Brain Research
Grubisha, M. J., Sweet, R. A., & MacDonald, M. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.689495 · Cited by 9
Applications of hypergraph-based methods in classifying and subtyping psychiatric disorders: a survey
Ju, N., & Du, Y. (2023) · Radiology Science · doi:10.15212/radsci-2023-0008 · Cited by 8
Vergence eye movements in bipolar disorder
Chrobak, A. A., RYBAKOWSKI, J. K., Abramowicz, M., Perdziak, M., Gryncewicz, W., Tereszko, A., Włodarczyk, M., Dziuda, S., Fąfrowicz, M., Czarnecki, P., et al. (2019) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/105229 · Cited by 10
Refining the resolution of craniofacial dysmorphology in bipolar disorder as an index of brain dysmorphogenesis
Katina, S., Kelly, B. D., Rojas, M. A., Sukno, F. M., McDermott, A., Hennessy, R. J., Lane, A., Whelan, P. F., BOWMAN, A. W., & Waddington, J. L. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113243 · Cited by 8
Influence of pre-treatment structural brain measures on effects of action-based cognitive remediation on executive function in partially or fully remitted patients with bipolar disorder
Mogensen, M., Macoveanu, J., Knudsen, G. M., Ott, C., & Miskowiak, K. W. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.11.010 · Cited by 8
The Cavan-Monaghan First Episode Psychosis Study (CAMFEPS): arbitrary diagnostic boundaries across the gene–environment interface and within evolving models of care
Waddington, J. L., & Russell, V. (2019) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2019.11 · Cited by 8
Parental age and the risk of bipolar disorder in the offspring: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Polga, N., de Barros, P. M. F., Farhat, L. C., de Almeida, K. M., Bloch, M. H., & Lafer, B. (2022) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13418 · Cited by 9
The association between gene variants and longitudinal structural brain changes in psychosis: a systematic review of longitudinal neuroimaging genetics studies
Harari, J. H., Díaz‐Caneja, C. M., Janssen, J., Martínez, K., Arias, B., & Arango, C. (2017) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-017-0036-2 · Cited by 9
Abnormal neural hierarchy in processing of verbal information in patients with schizophrenia
Lerner, Y., Bleich‐Cohen, M., Shimrit, S., Yogev‐Seligmann, G., Eisenstein, T., Madah, W., Shamir, A., Hendler, T., & Kremer, I. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.030 · Cited by 7
Prefrontal abnormalities, executive dysfunction and symptoms severity are modulated by COMT Val158Met polymorphism in first episode psychosis
Rodríguez-Toscano, E., Martínez, K., Fraguas, D., Janssen, J., Pina‐Camacho, L., Arias, B., Vieta, E., Mezquida, G., Amoretti, S., Bernardo, M., et al. (2021) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2021.11.002 · Cited by 7
Volumes of hippocampal subfields suggest a continuum between schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder
Cao, P., Chen, C., Si, Q., Li, Y., Ren, F., Han, C., Zhao, J., Wang, X., Xu, G., & Sui, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1191170 · Cited by 9
Multimodal evidence of mediodorsal thalamus-prefrontal circuit dysfunctions in clinical high-risk for psychosis: findings from a combined 7T fMRI, MRSI and sleep Hd-EEG study
Keihani, A., Donati, F. L., Janssen, S. A., Huston, C. A., Moon, C., Hetherington, H. P., Wilson, J. D., Mayeli, A., & Ferrarelli, F. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-02924-2 · Cited by 8
The mood disorder spectrum vs. schizophrenia decision tree: EDIPHAS research into the childhood and adolescence of 205 patients
Léger, M., Wolff, V., Kabuth, B., Albuisson, É., & Ligier, F. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03835-0 · Cited by 7
Schizotypal traits across the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–frontotemporal dementia spectrum: pathomechanistic insights
Tse, N. Y., Tu, S., Chen, Y., Caga, J., Dobson‐Stone, C., Kwok, J. B., Halliday, G. M., Ahmed, R. M., Hodges, J. R., Piguet, O., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-022-11049-3 · Cited by 7
The role of semantic clustering in the relationship between verbal memory and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Possible distinct cognitive pathway compared to healthy controls
Hasse-Sousa, M., Martins, D. S., Petry-Perin, C., de Britto, M. J. S., Remus, I. B., Lapa, C. D. O., Reckziegel, R. D. F. X., de Sales, S. C., de Jesus, L. S., Philippsen, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.077 · Cited by 7
Schizophrenia: A scientific graveyard or a pragmatically useful diagnostic construct?
Walker, E. F., & Goldsmith, D. R. (2022) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.022 · Cited by 7
A within‐subject consideration of the psychotic spectrum disorder concept in a patient in remission associated with cortical gray matter recovery
Meltzer, H. Y., Sim, M. Y., Anderson, A. W., Cannistraci, C. J., Jayathilake, K., Share, D. B., & Lee, M. J. (2018) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12986 · Cited by 6
Consecutive Independence and Correlation Transform for Multimodal Data Fusion: Discovery of One-to-Many Associations in Structural and Functional Imaging Data
Jia, C., Akhonda, M. A. B. S., Levin‐Schwartz, Y., Long, Q., Calhoun, V. D., & Adalı, T. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11188382 · Cited by 6
Clinical translational neuroimaging of the antioxidant effect of N‐acetylcysteine on neural microstructure
Yi, S. Y., Barnett, B. R., Poetzel, M. J., Stowe, N. A., & Yu, J. J. (2021) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.29035 · Cited by 6
Structural brain networks in schizophrenia based on nonnegative matrix factorization
Dai, R., Herold, C. J., Wang, X., Kong, L., & Schröder, J. (2023) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111690 · Cited by 6
Possible mechanism of schizophrenia origin by excess GABA and synaptic pruning
Rabinovitch, A., Braunstein, D., Rabinovitch, R., & Biton, Y. (2023) · IBRO Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.07.005 · Cited by 6
Diabetic Theory in Anti-Alzheimer’s Drug Research and Development. Part 2: Therapeutic Potential of cAMP-Specific Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Jankowska, A., Pawłowski, M., & Chłoń‐Rzepa, G. (2020) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867327666200917125857 · Cited by 7
Context-dependent architecture of brain state dynamics is explained by white matter connectivity and theories of network controlPreprint
Cornblath, E. J., Ashourvan, A., Kim, J. Z., Betzel, R. F., Ćirić, R., Baum, G. L., He, X., Ruparel, K., Moore, T. M., Gur, R. C., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/412429 · Cited by 10
Longitudinal assessment of ventricular volume trajectories in early-stage schizophrenia: evidence of both enlargement and shrinkage
Švancer, P., Čapek, V., Škoch, A., Kopeček, M., Vochosková, K., Fialová, M., Fürstová, P., Jakob, L., Bakštein, E., Kolenič, M., et al. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05749-5 · Cited by 5
Investigating topological alterations in procedural memory network across neuropsychiatric disorders using rs-fMRI and graph theory
Mohammadkhanloo, M., Sharini, H., Yousefpour, M., & Pooyan, M. (2025) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/s12868-025-00979-z · Cited by 5
Loss of normal facial asymmetry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Implications for development of brain asymmetry in psychotic illness
Sukno, F. M., Kelly, B. D., Lane, A., Katina, S., Rojas, M. A., Whelan, P. F., & Waddington, J. L. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116213 · Cited by 5
Aberrant anterior cingulate processing of anticipated threat as a mechanism for psychosis
Kvarta, M. D., Chiappelli, J., West, J., Goldwaser, E. L., Bruce, H. A., Ma, Y., Kochunov, P., Hatch, K. S., Gao, S., Jones, A., et al. (2021) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111300 · Cited by 5
Functional connectivity and gray matter deficits within the auditory attention circuit in first-episode psychosis
Curtis, M. T., Sklar, A. L., Coffman, B. A., & Salisbury, D. F. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1114703 · Cited by 5
Relationship between function and structure in the visual cortex in healthy individuals and in patients with severe mental disorders
Slapø, N. B., Jørgensen, K. N., Elvsåshagen, T., Nerland, S., Roelfs, D., Valstad, M., Timpe, C. M. F., Richard, G., Beck, D., Sæther, L. S., et al. (2023) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111633 · Cited by 6
The Contribution of Explainable Machine Learning Algorithms Using ROI-based Brain Surface Morphology Parameters in Distinguishing Early-onset Schizophrenia From Bipolar Disorder
Sağlam, Y., Ermiş, Ç., Takır, Ș., Öz, A., Hamid, R., Köse, H., Baş, A., & Karaçetin, G. (2024) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2024.04.013 · Cited by 4
Cerebellar and subcortical interplay in cognitive dysmetria: functional network signatures associate with symptom and trait assessments across schizophrenia, bipolar II, and ADHD patients
Hudgins, S. N., Curtin, A., Tracy, J. I., & Ayaz, H. (2025) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-025-01006-9 · Cited by 5
From Photography to fMRI
Muhr, P. (2022) · transcript Verlag eBooks · doi:10.14361/9783839461761 · Cited by 6
Microstructural and Microvascular Alterations in Psychotic Spectrum Disorders: A Three-Compartment Intravoxel Incoherent Imaging and Free Water Model
McKenna, F., Gupta, P. K., Sui, Y. V., Bertisch, H. C., Gonen, O., GOFF, D. C., & Lazar, M. (2023) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbad019 · Cited by 4
A molecular mechanism mediating clozapine-enhanced sensorimotor gating
Mantas, I., Flais, I., Branzell, N., Ionescu, T. M., Kim, E., Zhang, X., Cash, D., Hengerer, B., & Svenningsson, P. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02060-z · Cited by 6
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Bipolar Disorder
Vecera, C. M., Chong, A. C., Ruiz, A. C., Rong, C., Jones, G. H., Machado‐Vieira, R., & Soares, J. C. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821398-8.00030-8 · Cited by 4
Intersection of verbal memory and expressivity on cortical contrast and thickness in first episode psychosis
Makowski, C., Lewis, J. D., Lepage, C., MALLA, A. K., Joober, R., Evans, A. C., & Lepage, M. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719002071 · Cited by 4
[Single-modal neuroimaging computer aided diagnosis for schizophrenia based on ensemble learning using privileged information].
Shen, L., Wang, Q., & Shi, J. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7507/1001-5515.201905029 · Cited by 4
A systematic review and meta-analysis of transdiagnostic impairments in white matter integrity across the psychosis continuum
Merola, G. P., Tarchi, L., Saccaro, L. F., Delavari, F., Piguet, C., Ville, D. V. D., Castellini, G., & Ricca, V. (2026) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-025-00573-6 · Cited by 3
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in bipolar affective disorder. A systematized umbrella review
Markin, K. V. (2023) · V M BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY · doi:10.31363/2313-7053-2023-800 · Cited by 3
Overlap across psychotic disorders: A functional network connectivity analysis
Dini, H., Bruni, L. E., Ramsøy, T. Z., Calhoun, V. D., & Sendi, M. S. E. (2022) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112354 · Cited by 3
Functional MRI Findings in Schizophrenia
Pearlson, G. D. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35206-6_6 · Cited by 3
Cognitive impairment among an Egyptian sample of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders: a comparative study
Khedr, E. M., Ghanima, N. E., Elbeh, K., Ahmed, G. K., & Fawal, B. M. A. (2023) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-023-00344-y · Cited by 2
Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity as a neuroimaging biomarker in first-episode schizophrenia
Xu, M. K., Xue, K., Song, X., Zhang, Y., Cheng, J., & Cheng, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1427947 · Cited by 2
EEG-estimated functional connectivity, and not behavior, differentiates Parkinson’s patients from health controls during the Simon conflict task
Sun, X., Zhao, C., Koorathota, S., & Sajda, P. (2024) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc53108.2024.10781499 · Cited by 2
Neuroimaging: Diagnostic Boundaries and Biomarkers
Galderisi, S., Giordano, G. M., & DeLisi, L. E. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97307-4_1 · Cited by 3
Structural Characteristics of the Thalamocortical System and α-Rhythm in Mentally Healthy Subjects and Schizophrenic Patients
Manyukhina, V. O., Tomyshev, A. S., Каледа, В. Г., & Лебедева, И. С. (2020) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119720050084 · Cited by 2
Structural neuroimaging markers in bipolar disorder
Camkurt, M. A., Mwangi, B., Sanches, M., & Soares, J. C. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821398-8.00019-9 · Cited by 2
Clinical correlates of regional gray matter volumes in schizophrenia
Shailaja, B., Javadekar, A. N., Chaudhury, S., & Saldanha, D. (2022) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_104_21 · Cited by 4
Functional MRI Methods
Anteraper, S. A., Nieto-Castañón, A., & Whitfield, S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35206-6_5 · Cited by 3
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Ivanhoe, C. B., Sanchez, A. V. D., & Zasler, N. D. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_49-2 · Cited by 2
Neuroimmune cortical organoids overexpressing C4A exhibit multiple schizophrenia endophenotypesPreprint
Stanton, M. M., Modan, S., Taylor, P. M., Hariani, H. N., Sorokin, J. M., Rash, B. G., Rao, S. B., Tobon, A., Enriquez, L., Dang, B., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.01.20.524955 · Cited by 2
Brain Network Dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder: Evidence from Structural and Functional MRI Studies
Delvecchio, G., Maggioni, E., Squarcina, L., & Brambilla, P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59797-9_15 · Cited by 1
Differences in the cognitive status of patients with schizophrenia depending on the genesis of concomitant encephalopathy
Колесников, Д. А., Kondufor, O. V., & Рачкаускас, Г. С. (2021) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202112112119 · Cited by 1
Neuroglia in mood disorders
Snijders, G. J. L., & Gigase, F. A. J. (2025) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19102-2.00010-7 · Cited by 1
Hippocampal volume in affective and non-affective psychosis
Gibbs, K., McHugo, M., Moussa‐Tooks, A. B., Woodward, N. D., Heckers, S., & Roeske, M. J. (2025) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2025.06.021 · Cited by 1
Effects of Risperidone and Aripiprazole Antipsychotic Drugs on Behavioral Changes and the Expression Levels of DRD2, HTR2A, AKT1, and CACNA1C Genes in the Hippocampus of a Ketamine-induced Schizophrenia-like Rat Model
Naderi, M., Ghazvini, H., Maleksabet, A., Ghalehnoei, H., & Khajavi, R. (2025) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-025-02403-x · Cited by 1
Early diagnosis of bipolar disorder
Cui, P., Han, D., & Yang, C. (2025) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i8.106125 · Cited by 1
APOA1BP and natural killer cells as diagnostic and pathophysiological biomarkers in schizophrenia-associated cognitive impairment: A multi-cohort bioinformatics analysis
You, X., Liang, H., Yang, H., & Shi, R. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000046649 · Cited by 1
Spectral power of the beta rhythm of the electroencephalogram as a marker of depressive disorder
Алексеевич, Г. С., Васильева, С. Н., Simutkin, G. G., Ivanova, S. А., & Bokhan, N. A. (2021) · Neurology Bulletin · doi:10.17816/nb54539 · Cited by 1
Early-Onset Psychosis with Adolescence Onset
Panza, G., & Paletta, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91557-9_1 · Cited by 1
The sleep-mood connection: Temperament modulates neuroinflammation, clock genes, and dopaminergic receptors expression in rats
Lima, C. N. D. C., da Silva, F. E. R., de Carvalho, M. A. J., Lima, J. E. D. C., Chaves-Filho, A. J. M., Fries, G. R., Sobreira-Neto, M. A., Costa, D. V. D. S., Fonteles, M. M. D. F., & Macêdo, D. S. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111443 · Cited by 1
A New Pathway to Explore Reliable Biomarkers by Detecting Typical Patients with Mental Disorders
Xing, Y., & Du, Y. (2021) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1160-5_6 · Cited by 1
New drug targets in psychiatry: Neurobiological considerations in the genomics era
Harrison, P. J., Mould, A. W., & Tunbridge, E. M. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104763 · Cited by 1
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Ivanhoe, C. B., Sanchez, A. V. D., & Zasler, N. D. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_49 · Cited by 1
Mislabeled learning for psychiatric disorder detectionPreprint
Li, D., Liu, W., & Han, H. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.08.11.22278675 · Cited by 1
Increased microglial synapse elimination in patient-specific models of schizophreniaPreprint
Sellgren, C. M., Gracias, J., Watmuff, B., Goold, C. P., Thanos, J. M., Fu, T., Karmacharya, R., Brown, H. E., Wang, J. P., Sheridan, S. D., et al. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/231290
MRI Neuroimaging and Psychiatry
Hatchondo, L. (2018) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78926-2_12
Pseudodementia: A Case Report on the Connection Between Dementia and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders
Ciappolino, V., & Orsenigo, G. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91557-9_6
Pathophysiological changes of neurofunctional interaction between the dopaminergic reward system and the hippocampus in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Wolter, S. (2018) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-7020
Research Perspectives for Neuroimaging of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Scutt, E., Borgwardt, S., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97307-4_8
How functional neuroimaging can be used for prediction and evaluation in psychiatry
Godlewska, B. R., & Harmer, C. J. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813176-3.00040-7
On the misalignment between research and clinical practice in psychology: An example from the Alzheimer’s and dementia field.
Callahan, B. L. (2020) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cap0000204 · Cited by 1
Epigenetic mechanisms of bipolar disorder
Lima, C. N. D. C., Pink, O., & Fries, G. R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819182-8.00018-1
Editorial for “Altered Complexity of Spontaneous Brain Activity in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Patients”
Wang, H. (2021) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.27672
Revealing the biological basis of mental illness: epigenetic research as a new direction in diagnosis and treatment
Егорович, Х. С., Ivanov, M. V., Sogoyan, M. V., Yanushko, M. G., Tumova, M. A., Муслимова, Л. М., Stanovaya, V. V., Khutoryanskaya, Y. V., & Vissarionov, S. V. (2021) · V M BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY · doi:10.31363/2313-7053-2021-56-3-19-31
Relationship Between the Visual Evoked Potential and Structure in the Primary Visual Cortex in Healthy Individuals and in Patients with Severe Mental DisordersPreprint
Slapø, N. B., Jørgensen, K. N., Elvsåshagen, T., Nerland, S., Roelfs, D., Valstad, M., Timpe, C. M. F., Richard, G., Beck, D., Sæther, L. S., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-990586/v1
Frontal Cortex
Williams, M. R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68308-5_4
Prefrontal abnormalities, executive dysfunction and symptoms severity are modulated by COMT Val158Met polymorphism in first episode psychosis
Rodríguez-Toscano, E., Martínez, K., Fraguas, D., Janssen, J., Pina‐Camacho, L., Arias, B., Vieta, E., Mezquida, G., Amoretti, S., Bernardo, M., et al. (2022) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rpsmen.2022.07.001
Magnetic Resonance Imaging throughout the Clinical Course of Schizophrenia: Neurobiological Underpinnings and Clinical Implications
Zhao, S., Cao, Y., Kratochvil, Z., Liu, X., Fan, J.-W., Gu, Y.-W., Wang, X.-Y., Fu, Y.-F., Chang, X., Wu, X., et al. (2022) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2105139
Unpacking the Biases That Shape the Apparent Foci in the Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies
Chung, Y. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.021
Analysis of MRI as a screening tool for the diagnosis of schizophrenia
Thilakavathi, B., Sudha, S., Vidya, K., & Subathra, Y. (2022) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2318/1/012036
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Schizophrenia
Frӧhlich, F., & Jarskog, L. F. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198832256.013.43
An electrophysiological examination of the effects of schizotypal traits and cannabis usage on neural markers of predictive processing
Sargent, M. J. (2023) · doi:10.24124/2023/59419
Identifikation und Analyse von Interaktionen Erreger-spezifischer Antikörper mit Proteinen des fötalen Gehirns
Kleine, A. D. (2023) · doi:10.53846/goediss-10239
Alteraciones volumétricas del sistema nervioso central asociadas a esquizofrenia
Miralles, J. B. V. (2024) · INFORMACIO PSICOLOGICA · doi:10.14635/ipsic.1950
MRI-based analysis of WM structural brain changes in schizophrenia using clustering algorithms
Swathi, N., & Mathana, J. M. (2024) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0208717
SYSTEM MANIPULATOR FOR COLLECTING SPACE DEBRIS AROUND THE PLANET EARTH
Belashov, A. N. (2024) · International Conference Process Management and Scientific Developments · doi:10.34660/inf.2022.90.37.045
The scientific triumph and philosophical dilemma of V.M. Bekhterev
Незнанов, Н. Г., Kotsyubinsky, A. P., Akimenko, M. A., & Kotsyubinsky, D. A. (2024) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro2024124121153
Neurobiology of Mental Disorders
Horn, K., Barrera, A., Haseeb, A., & Machado‐Vieira, R. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009334730.007
Esquizofrenia: prevalência, diagnóstico e avanços no tratamento
Oliveira, C. W. D. M., Roma, T. M., Moreira, L. G., del Corsso, C., de Sousa, A. F. B., da Silva, J. C. P., la Rosa, Y. R. M. D., Evangelista, T. B. A. B., Oliveira, S. G., Chaves, F. N. R., et al. (2025) · Caderno Pedagógico · doi:10.54033/cadpedv22n1-169
MRI-based cortical gray/white matter contrast in young adults who endorse psychotic experiences or are at genetic risk for psychosis
Naseri, N., Beck, D., Ferschmann, L., Aksnes, E. R., Havdahl, A., Jalbrzikowski, M., Norbom, L. B., & Tamnes, C. K. (2025) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.111981
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Reichert, R. A., Fidalgo, T. M., & da Silveira, D. X. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82614-6_16
Comparison of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) findings in drug-naïve schizophrenia patients and healthy comparison subjects
Shankar, S., Ravishankar, K. S., & Sundari, M. K. (2025) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2025.05.013
Hierarchical Clustering of Canonical Retinal–Biopsychosocial Covariation Patterns Reveals Distinct Psychosis Subgroups: A Data-Driven Study from the UK BiobankPreprint
Demirlek, C., Stiltner, B., Vélez-Pérez, E., Zeng, V., Silverstein, S. M., Aideyan, B., & Lizano, P. L. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.18.25333918
Neurobiology of suicidal behavior in males: concerning immune systems and blood hormones-III
Kundu, S. R., & Sarkar, J. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33112-1.00005-7
Neurobiological signature in suicidal behavior: concerning immune systems and blood hormones-I
Kundu, S. R., & Sarkar, J. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33112-1.00001-x
Understanding the Mechanisms that Operate within CHIME: A Realist Review Protocol
Norton, M. J., Byrne, J.-P., Bedenik, T., Ryan, M., Brogan, C., Dwyer, D., Walsh, K. R., & Shé, É. N. (2025) · HRB Open Research · doi:10.12688/hrbopenres.14171.1 · Cited by 2

Authors: Birur, B., Kraguljac, N. V., Shelton, R. C., & Lahti, A. C.
Affiliations: University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
Corresponding author: Lahti, Adrienne Carol
ORCID: Birur, Badari
Kraguljac, Nina Vanessa
Shelton, Richard C.
Lahti, Adrienne Carol
Venue: npj Schizophrenia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2017-04-03
Volume: 3
Issue: 1
Pages: 15-15
ISSN: 2334-265X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s41537-017-0013-9
PMC: PMC5441538
OpenAlex: W2603262402
Cited by: 203
References: 144
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 7
FWCI: 3.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor)
Locations: Schizophrenia (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH102951, K23MH106683)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Keywords: bipolar disorder, psychosis spectrum, brain structure, white matter integrity, gray matter reduction, resting-state functional connectivity, task-related brain activation, brain networks, neurochemistry, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging genetics, first-episode psychosis, neuroimaging biomarkers

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Brain structure, function, and neurochemistry in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder—a systematic review of the magnetic resonance neuroimaging literature

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Figures

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks