Cited by 135Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal Infections and StudiesImmune responses and vaccinations

Vaccines for human fungal diseases: close but still a long way to go

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Oliveira, Lorena V. N., Wang, Ruiying, Specht, Charles A., Levitz, Stuart M.·2021·npj Vaccines

Abstract

Despite the substantial global burden of human fungal infections, there are no approved fungal vaccines to protect at risk individuals. Here, we review the progress that has been made and the challenges that lie ahead in the quest towards efficacious fungal vaccines. In mouse studies, protection has been achieved with vaccines directed against fungal pathogens, including species of Candida, Cryptococcus , and Aspergillus , that most commonly cause life-threatening human disease. Encouraging results have been obtained with vaccines composed of live-attenuated and killed fungi, crude extracts, recombinant subunit formulations, and nucleic acid vaccines. Novel adjuvants that instruct the immune system to mount the types of protective responses needed to fight mycotic infections are under development. Candidate vaccines include those that target common antigens expressed on multiple genera of fungi thereby protecting against a broad range of mycoses. Encouragingly, three vaccines have reached human clinical trials. Still, formidable obstacles must be overcome before we will have fungal vaccines licensed for human use.

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [54]Rizzo, J. et al. New insights into Cryptococcus extracellular vesicles suggest a new structural model and an antifungal vaccine strategy. Preprint at bioRxiv10.1101/2020.08.17.253716 (2020).
  2. [55]Hester, M. M. et al. Protection of mice against experimental cryptococcosis using glucan particle-based vaccines containing novel recombinant antigens. Vaccine10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.051 (2019). PMC6954324 31699504
  3. [65]Levitz SM Aspergillus vaccines: Hardly worth studying or worthy of hard study? Med. Mycol. 2017 55 103 108 10.1093/mmy/myw081 27639242 PMC5166590 · DOI

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Authors
Oliveira, L. V. N., Wang, R., Specht, C. A., & Levitz, S. M.
Affiliations
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
Corresponding author
Levitz, Stuart M.
Venue
npj Vaccines
Published
2021-03-03
Volume
6
Issue
1
Pages
33-33
ISSN
2059-0105 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3134624653
Cited by
135
References
86
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 4
FWCI
2.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • npj Vaccines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI125045)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Keywords
fungal vaccines, human fungal infections, Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, recombinant subunit vaccine, nucleic acid vaccines, vaccine adjuvants, clinical trials, vaccine development

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