Cited by 149Corporate Taxation and AvoidanceCrime, Illicit Activities, and GovernanceConservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Tax havens and global environmental degradation

Galaz, Victor, Crona, Beatrice, Dauriach, Alice, Jouffray, Jean-Baptiste, Österblom, Henrik, Fichtner, Jan·2018·Nature Ecology & Evolution

DOI 10.1038/s41559-018-0497-3

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The release of classified documents in the past years have offered a rare glimpse into the opaque world of tax havens and their role in the global economy. Although the political, economic and social implications related to these financial secrecy jurisdictions are known, their role in supporting economic activities with potentially detrimental environmental consequences have until now been largely ignored. Here, we combine quantitative analysis with case descriptions to elaborate and quantify the connections between tax havens and the environment, both in global fisheries and the Brazilian Amazon. We show that while only 4% of all registered fishing vessels are currently flagged in a tax haven, 70% of the known vessels implicated in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing are, or have been, flagged under a tax haven jurisdiction. We also find that between October 2000 and August 2011, 68% of all investigated foreign capital to nine focal companies in the soy and beef sectors in the Brazilian Amazon was transferred through one, or several, known tax havens. This represents as much as 90-100% of foreign capital for some companies investigated. We highlight key research challenges for the academic community that emerge from our findings and present a set of proposed actions for policy that would put tax havens on the global sustainability agenda.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41559-018-0497-3

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Tipping elements in the Earth’s climate system
Lenton, T. M., Held, H., Kriegler, E., Hall, J. W., Lucht, W., Rahmstorf, S., & Schellnhuber, H. J. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0705414105 · Cited by 3,982
A review of tax research
Hanlon, M., & Heitzman, S. M. (2010) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.002 · Cited by 3,172
Slowing Amazon deforestation through public policy and interventions in beef and soy supply chains
Nepstad, D., McGrath, D., Stickler, C., Alencar, A., Azevedo, A., Swette, B., Bezerra, T., DiGiano, M., Shimada, J., Seroa da Motta, R., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1248525 · Cited by 1,202
What does tax aggressiveness signal? Evidence from stock price reactions to news about tax shelter involvement
Hanlon, M., & Slemrod, J. (2008) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.09.004 · Cited by 1,191
Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World
Liu, J., Hull, V., Batistella, M., DeFries, R., Dietz, T., Fu, F., Hertel, T. W., Izaurralde, R. C., Lambin, E. F., Li, S., et al. (2013) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-05873-180226 · Cited by 1,099
Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing
Agnew, D. J., Pearce, J., Pramod, G., Peatman, T., Watson, R., Beddington, J. R., & Pitcher, T. J. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004570 · Cited by 1,009
Contribution of Fisheries and Aquaculture to Food Security and Poverty Reduction: Assessing the Current Evidence
Béné, C., Arthur, R. I., Norbury, H., Allison, E. H., Beveridge, M. C. M., Bush, S. R., Campling, L., Leschen, W., Little, D. C., Squires, D., et al. (2015) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.007 · Cited by 979
Globalization of land use: distant drivers of land change and geographic displacement of land use
Meyfroidt, P., Lambin, É. F., Erb, K., & Hertel, T. W. (2013) · Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2013.04.003 · Cited by 690
Brazil’s soy moratorium
Gibbs, H. K., Rausch, L., Munger, J., Schelly, I., Morton, D. C., Noojipady, P., Soares-Filho, B., Barreto, P., Micol, L., & Walker, N. F. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa0181 · Cited by 676
The Hidden Wealth of Nations
Zucman, G., Fagan, T. L., & Piketty, T. (2015) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226245560.001.0001 · Cited by 576

Show all 42 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Roberts, S. in Money, Power and Space (eds Corbridge, S., Martin, R. & Thrift, N.) 91–115 (Blackwell, Oxford, 1994).
World Investment Report 2016. Investor Nationality: Policy Challenges (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, 2016).
Wilson, K. & Cabra, M. Looting the Seas: Spain Doles out Millions in Aid Despite Fishing Company Records (The Center for Public Integrity, Washington DC, 2011).

Sorted by citations

Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change
Díaz, S., Settele, J., Brondízio, E. S., Ngo, H. T., Agard, J., Arneth, A., Balvanera, P., Brauman, K. A., Butchart, S. H. M., Chan, K. M. A., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax3100 · Cited by 2,926
Anatomy and resilience of the global production ecosystem
Nyström, M., Jouffray, J.-B., Norström, A. V., Crona, B., Søgaard Jørgensen, P., Carpenter, S. R., Bodin, Ö., Galaz, V., & Folke, C. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1712-3 · Cited by 343
Self-citation
Global targets that reveal the social–ecological interdependencies of sustainable development
Reyers, B., & Selig, E. R. (2020) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1230-6 · Cited by 258
Biodiversity: Concepts, Patterns, Trends, and Perspectives
Díaz, S. M., & Malhi, Y. S. (2022) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-120120-054300 · Cited by 245
Linking global drivers of agricultural trade to on-the-ground impacts on biodiversity
Green, J., Croft, S. A., Durán, A. P., Balmford, A. P., Burgess, N. D., Fick, S., Gardner, T. A., Godar, J., Suavet, C., Virah‐Sawmy, M., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1905618116 · Cited by 190
Promoting renewable energy through national energy legislation
Liu, Y., & Feng, C. Q. (2023) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106504 · Cited by 183
Finance and the Earth system – Exploring the links between financial actors and non-linear changes in the climate system
Galaz, V., Crona, B., Dauriach, A., Scholtens, B., & Steffen, W. (2018) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.09.008 · Cited by 166
Self-citation
The political economy of national climate policy: Architectures of constraint and a typology of countries
Lamb, W. F., & Minx, J. C. (2020) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101429 · Cited by 150
Ensuring a Post-COVID Economic Agenda Tackles Global Biodiversity Loss
McElwee, P. D., Turnout, E., Chiroleu‐Assouline, M., Jennifer A. Clapp (University of Waterloo), Isenhour, C., Jackson, T. P., Kelemen, E., Miller, D. C., Rusch, G. M., Spangenberg, J. H., et al. (2020) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2020.09.011 · Cited by 109
Leverage points in the financial sector for seafood sustainability
Jouffray, J., Crona, B., Wassénius, E., Bebbington, J., & Scholtens, B. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax3324 · Cited by 99
Self-citation
Deep aspirations: towards a sustainable offshore Blue Economy
Novaglio, C., Bax, N., Boschetti, F., Emad, G. R., Frusher, S. D., Fullbrook, L., Hemer, M., Jennings, S., van Putten, I. E., Robinson, L. M., et al. (2021) · Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries · doi:10.1007/s11160-020-09628-6 · Cited by 103
Understanding the Political Challenge of Red and Processed Meat Reduction for Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Sievert, K., Lawrence, M. A., Parker, C., & Baker, P. (2020) · International Journal of Health Policy and Management · doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2020.238 · Cited by 87
Eighty-six EU policy options for reducing imported deforestation
Bager, S. L., Persson, U. M., & dos Reis, T. N. P. (2021) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2021.01.011 · Cited by 88
Triple exposure: Reducing negative impacts of climate change, blue growth, and conservation on coastal communities
Gill, D., Blythe, J. L., Bennett, N. J., Evans, L. S., Brown, K., Turner, R. A., Baggio, J. A., Baker, D. M., Ban, N. C., Brun, V., et al. (2023) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2023.01.010 · Cited by 85
What are social-ecological systems and social-ecological systems research?
Biggs, R., Clements, H. S., Vos, A. D., Folke, C., Manyani, A., Maciejewski, K., Martín‐López, B., Preiser, R., Selomane, O., & Schlüter‬, M. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003021339-2 · Cited by 84
The impacts of cocaine-trafficking on conservation governance in Central America
Wrathall, D. J., Devine, J., Aguilar‐González, B., Benessaiah, K., Tellman, E., Sesnie, S. E., Nielsen, E. A., Magliocca, N. R., McSweeney, K., Pearson, Z., et al. (2020) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102098 · Cited by 72
Farming as Financial Asset
Ouma, S. (2020) · Agenda Publishing eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv13840b0 · Cited by 71
Fit for purpose? Clarifying the critical role of profit for sustainability
Hinton, J. B. (2020) · Journal of Political Ecology · doi:10.2458/v27i1.23502 · Cited by 82
Transnational corporations, biosphere stewardship, and sustainable futures
Österblom, H., Bebbington, J., Blasiak, R., Sobkowiak, M., & Folke, C. (2022) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-120120-052845 · Cited by 70
Self-citation
Understanding the role of illicit transactions in land-change dynamics
Tellman, B., Magliocca, N. R., Turner, B. L., & Verburg, P. H. (2020) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0457-1 · Cited by 68
Political Status and Tax Haven Investment of Emerging Market Firms: Evidence from China
Deng, Z., Yan, J., & Sun, P. (2019) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-018-4090-0 · Cited by 64
Beyond Carbon Pricing: Tax Reform is Climate Policy
Green, J. F. (2021) · Global Policy · doi:10.1111/1758-5899.12920 · Cited by 54
Enabling transformative economic change in the post‐2020 biodiversity agenda
Turnhout, E., McElwee, P. D., Chiroleu‐Assouline, M., Jennifer A. Clapp (University of Waterloo), Isenhour, C., Kelemen, E., Jackson, T. P., Miller, D. C., Rusch, G. M., Spangenberg, J. H., et al. (2021) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/conl.12805 · Cited by 52
Biodiversity targets will not be met without debt and tax justice
Dempsey, J., Irvine‐Broque, A., Bigger, P., Christiansen, J., Muchhala, B., Nelson, S. H., Marchini, F. R., Shapiro‐Garza, E., Schuldt, A., & DiSilvestro, A. M. (2021) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-021-01619-5 · Cited by 56
Flags for sale: An empirical assessment of flag of convenience desirability to foreign vessels
Petrossian, G. A., Sosnowski, M. C., Miller, D. D., & Rouzbahani, D. (2020) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103937 · Cited by 50
Ecological Finance Theory: New Foundations
Lagoarde‐Segot, T., & Martínez, E. A. (2020) · International Review of Financial Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101741 · Cited by 52
Fish crimes in the global oceans
Belhabib, D., & Billon, P. L. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abj1927 · Cited by 60
Understanding the Stickiness of Commodity Supply Chains Is Key to Improving Their Sustainability
dos Reis, T. N. P., Meyfroidt, P., zu Ermgassen, E. K. H. J., West, C., Gardner, T. A., Bager, S. L., Croft, S. A., Lathuillière, M. J., & Godar, J. (2020) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2020.06.012 · Cited by 49
Narco‐Fish: Global fisheries and drug trafficking
Belhabib, D., Billon, P. L., & Wrathall, D. J. (2020) · Fish and Fisheries · doi:10.1111/faf.12483 · Cited by 46
Assessing the environmental impacts of environmental tax rate and corporate statutory tax rate: Empirical evidence from industry-intensive economies
Farooq, U., Subhani, B. H., Shafiq, M. N., & Gillani, S. (2023) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2023.05.254 · Cited by 42
Haven‐Sent? Tax Havens, Corporate Social Irresponsibility and the Dark Side of Family Firm Internationalization
Temouri, Y., Nardella, G., Jones, C. M., & Brammer, S. J. (2021) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12559 · Cited by 42
Keystone actors do not act alone: A business ecosystem perspective on sustainability in the global clothing industry
Hileman, J. D., Kallstenius, I., Häyhä, T., Palm, C., & Cornell, S. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241453 · Cited by 49
Questioning Impact: A Cross-Disciplinary Review of Certification Standards for Sustainability
Jellema, S. F., Werner, M., Rasche, A., & Cornelissen, J. (2022) · Business & Society · doi:10.1177/00076503211056332 · Cited by 39
Shedding light on the dark side of maritime trade – A new approach for identifying countries as flags of convenience
Ford, J. H., & Wilcox, C. (2018) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2018.10.026 · Cited by 39
Entangled chains of global value and wealth
Bair, J., Ponte, S., Seabrooke, L., & Wigan, D. (2023) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09692290.2023.2220268 · Cited by 38
The role of protected areas and land tenure regimes on forest loss in Bolivia: Accounting for spatial spillovers
Boillat, S., Ceddia, M. G., & Bottazzi, P. (2022) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102571 · Cited by 36
Large-Scale Collective Action to Avoid an Amazon Tipping Point – Key Actors and Interventions
Lima, M. G. B., Harring, N., Jagers, S. C., Löfgren, Å., Persson, U. M., Sjöstedt, M., Brülde, B., Langlet, D., Steffen, W., & Alpízar, F. (2020) · Current Research in Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.crsust.2021.100048 · Cited by 31
Understanding deforestation lock-in: Insights from Land Reform settlements in the Brazilian Amazon
Russo Lopes, G., & Bastos Lima, M. G. (2022) · Frontiers in Forests and Global Change · doi:10.3389/ffgc.2022.951290 · Cited by 31
Cloud/edge computing for compliance in the Brazilian livestock supply chain
Bergier, I., Papa, M., Silva, R., & Santos, P. M. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143276 · Cited by 29
Subnational institutions and power of landholders drive illegal deforestation in a major commodity production frontier
Blum, D., Aguiar, S., Sun, Z., Müller, D., Alvarez, A., Aguirre, I., Domingo, S., & Mastrángelo, M. E. (2022) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102511 · Cited by 34
Towards Ocean Equity
Österblom, H., Wabnitz, C. C. C., Tladi, D., Allison, E. H., Arnaud‐Haond, S., Bebbington, J., Bennett, N. J., Blasiak, R., Boonstra, W., Choudhury, A., et al. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0_13 · Cited by 29
Self-citation
Equity and justice should underpin the discourse on tipping points
Pereira, L. M., Gianelli, I., Achieng, T., Amon, D. J., Archibald, S. A., Arif, S., Castro, A., Chimbadzwa, T. P., Coetzer, K., Field, T.-L., et al. (2024) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-15-341-2024 · Cited by 41
Illegal Logging, Fishing, and Wildlife Trade
Bank, W. (2019) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/32806 · Cited by 27
Ship scrappage records reveal disturbing environmental injustice
Wan, Z., Wang, L., Chen, J., & Sperling, D. (2021) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104542 · Cited by 25
Editorial: Illegal Fishing as a Trans-National Crime
Belhabib, D., & Billon, P. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00162 · Cited by 27
Power & protein—closing the ‘justice gap’ for food system transformation
Baudish, I., Sahlin, K. R., Béné, C., Oosterveer, P. J. M., Prins, H., & Pereira, L. M. (2024) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad3d6f · Cited by 27
Defetishizing the asset form
Ouma, S. (2023) · Dialogues in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/20438206231157902 · Cited by 20
Women and adaptive capacity to climate change in East African seascapes – Zanzibar as an example
de la Torre‐Castro, M., Lindström, L., Jiddawi, N. S., Pike, F., & Max, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.931883 · Cited by 19
Financial influence on global risks of zoonotic emerging and re-emerging diseases: an integrative analysis
Galaz, V., Rocha, J., García, P. A. S., Dauriach, A., Roukny, T., & Jørgensen, P. S. (2023) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00232-2 · Cited by 24
Self-citation
Global environmental governance in times of turbulence
Galaz, V. (2022) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2022.05.018 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
The hidden role of processors in an individual transferable quota fishery
Edwards, D. N., & Pinkerton, E. W. (2019) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-11148-240336 · Cited by 18
Global Justice and the Biodiversity Crisis
Armstrong, C. (2024) · doi:10.1093/9780191888090.001.0001 · Cited by 18
Conceptualizing the governance challenges for food system transformation
Vignola, R., & Oosterveer, P. J. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2025.1397574 · Cited by 12
Harnessing network power: Weaponised interdependence in global tax policy
Christensen, R. C. (2024) · Global Policy · doi:10.1111/1758-5899.13456 · Cited by 12
Piercing the corporate veil: Towards a better assessment of the position of transnational oil and gas companies in the global carbon budget
Choquet, P.-L. (2019) · The Anthropocene Review · doi:10.1177/2053019619865925 · Cited by 13
Five rules for scientifically credible nature markets
zu Ermgassen, S., Swinfield, T., Bull, J. W., Duffus, N., Macintosh, A., Maron, M., Theis, S., White, T. G., & Evans, M. (2026) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-025-02932-z · Cited by 11
Fighting fisheries crimes in the fisheries industry: Practical training reflections of the efficacy of Namibia’s fisheries law enforcement
Warikandwa, T. V. (2023) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2023.2286043 · Cited by 11
Marine reserve benefits and recreational fishing yields: The winners and the losers
Kayal, M., Cigala, M., Cambra, E., Soulat, N., Mercader, M., Lebras, A., Ivanoff, P., Sébési, L., Lassus-Debat, A., Hartmann, V., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237685 · Cited by 11
High seas in the cloud: the role of big data and artificial intelligence in support of high seas governance – The Sargasso Sea pilot
Freestone, D., Bjergstrom, K. N., Gjerde, K. M., Halpin, P. N., Fleming, K., Hudson, A., Rogers, A. D., Sapsford, F., Tsontos, V. M., Vázquez, J., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1427099 · Cited by 10
Tax havens are the tip of the iceberg
Belhabib, D., & Billon, P. L. (2018) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0704-2 · Cited by 10
Closing Gaps in National Regulations Against IUU Fishing
Hutniczak, B., Delpeuch, C., & Leroy, A. (2019) · OECD food, agriculture and fisheries working papers · doi:10.1787/9b86ba08-en · Cited by 16
Investments' role in ecosystem degradation
Ceddia, M. G. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb5756 · Cited by 10
Law, knowledge and space: Expertise across the legal geographies of green finance
Bogner, L. (2024) · Competition & Change · doi:10.1177/10245294241240921 · Cited by 9
Beyond tipping points: risks, equity, and the ethics of intervention
Pereira, L. M., Smith, S. R., Gifford, L., Newell, P. J., Villasante, S., Achieng, T., Castro, A., Constantino, S. M., Powell, T., Ghadiali, A., et al. (2025) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-16-1267-2025 · Cited by 20
The dry sky: future scenarios for humanity's modification of the atmospheric water cycle
Keys, P. W., Wang‐Erlandsson, L., Moore, M., Pranindita, A., Stenzel, F., Varis, O., Warrier, R. R., Wong, R. B., D’Odorico, P., & Folke, C. (2024) · Global Sustainability · doi:10.1017/sus.2024.9 · Cited by 21
Private Empires: The Development of Offshore Commercial and Financial Services in Tax Havens, 1955–1979
Mollan, S., & Sævold, K. (2025) · Enterprise & Society · doi:10.1017/eso.2024.26 · Cited by 8
Fossil Capital in the Caribbean: The Toxic Role of “Regulatory Havens” in Climate Change
Atiles, J., & Whyte, D. (2025) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.70001 · Cited by 8
Modern tax Havens: the Experience of European Countries
Kosenkova, Y. (2022) · MONTENEGRIN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS · doi:10.14254/1800-5845/2022.18-4.6 · Cited by 8
Humanity and the 21 st century’s resource gauntlet: a commentary on Ripple et al.’s article “World scientists’ warning to humanity: a second notice”
Kayal, M., Lewis, H., Ballard, J., & Kayal, E. (2019) · Rethinking Ecology · doi:10.3897/rethinkingecology.4.32116 · Cited by 8
Outcomes of migration as adaptation: a conceptual framework for migration governance
Abel, K., Katz, B., Rose, S., & Wrathall, D. J. (2023) · Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1080/1943815x.2023.2246525 · Cited by 8
Tax havens and reputational costs
DePaul, A., Murphy, F., & Vernon, M. (2024) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2024.101761 · Cited by 7
Southern Green Criminology: Fundamental Concepts
Goyes, D. R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-27754-2_1 · Cited by 7
The political ecology of asset manager capitalism and the harmful fiction of universal ownership
Prodani, K., Svetlova, E., Lynch, C. R., & Turnhout, E. (2025) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104350 · Cited by 6
Unveiling the hidden hands: Analysis of corporate ownership of industrial tuna fishing vessels in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
Kinds, A., Lazzari, N., Skerritt, D. J., Ainsworth, G. B., Carvalho, A. R., Roumbedakis, K., Majluf, P., Palomares, M. L. D., Sumaila, U. R., & Villasante, S. (2024) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106474 · Cited by 8
Environmental destruction in the new economy: Offshore finance and mangrove forest clearance in Grand Cayman
Jurn, K., Lavallee, J. P., & KING, L. P. (2018) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.10.019 · Cited by 6
Transfer Pricing Aggressiveness in Indonesia: Multinationality, Tax Haven, and Intangible Assets
Irawan, F., & Ulinnuha, I. A. (2022) · Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi dan Bisnis · doi:10.24815/jdab.v9i1.23217 · Cited by 6
Organised Crime in the Fisheries Sector
Witbooi, E., Ali, K.-D., Santosa, M. A., Hurley, G., Husein, Y., Maharaj, S., Okafor-Yarwood, I., Quiroz, I. A., & Salas, O. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0_16 · Cited by 7
Democracy and Natural Resources: Their Institutional Impact on Tax Haven Use by Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises
Felix, K. N., Jones, C. M., Rewilak, J. M., & Temouri, Y. (2025) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-025-00592-6 · Cited by 5
Global inequalities in ownership-based carbon footprints
Chancel, L., & Rehm, Y. (2026) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-026-02662-5 · Cited by 5
Impact of Environmental Taxation on Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria
Brown, J. A. (2022) · Texila international journal of academic research · doi:10.21522/tijar.2014.09.03.art002 · Cited by 5
In Indonesia and beyond nature conservation needs independent science
Laurance, W. F., Mudhoffir, A. M., Pusparini, W., Meijaard, E., & Engert, J. E. (2023) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.068 · Cited by 5
Degrowth and the Blue Belt: Rethinking marine conservation in the British Overseas Territories
Howson, P. (2020) · Ocean & Coastal Management · doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105290 · Cited by 5
Impact of gold price, financial development, renewable energy, economic growth, urbanization, and environmental tax on environmental degradation
Bambi, P. D. R., & Pea-Assounga, J. B. B. (2025) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2025.1631189 · Cited by 4
Ecopreneurs and agricultural waste management
Bahrololoum, S., Kermani, M. M. M., & Koohzadi, F. (2022) · Journal of global entrepreneurship research · doi:10.1007/s40497-022-00311-7 · Cited by 4
Who owns Puerto Rico’s beaches ? Law, extractivism, and the political economy of paradise
Atiles, J. (2025) · Third World Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01436597.2025.2549362 · Cited by 3
Global Climate Policy Beyond the Paris Agreement
Green, J. (2023) · PS Political Science & Politics · doi:10.1017/s1049096523000318 · Cited by 5
Corporate Biodiversity and Water Impact and Risk: Seven Key Principles for Leveraging Insights From Satellite Remote Sensing
Hauser, L. T., Damm, A., & Santos, M. J. (2025) · Earth s Future · doi:10.1029/2024ef005474 · Cited by 3
« Artisan, ça veut tout et rien dire » - Quelle lutte des classes dans la pêche bretonne ?
Clouette, F. (2021) · VertigO · doi:10.4000/vertigo.29804 · Cited by 3
Could environmental and conservation sciences benefit from an anonymized journal?
Engert, J. E. (2022) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/conl.12909 · Cited by 3
The Unequal Place of Anthropology in Cross-Disciplinary Research on Environmental Management in the Pacific and What to Do About It
Foale, S. J. (2021) · ANU Press eBooks · doi:10.22459/ue.2020.03 · Cited by 3
Ownership infinity pools: finding control strategies in multinational enterprises
Castro, D. P., & Seabrooke, L. (2025) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09692290.2025.2589953 · Cited by 3
Leveraging keystone agents in extractive industries to advance sustainability
Scholtens, B. (2023) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102794 · Cited by 2
When land becomes capital: farmland financialization and sustainability in Brazil
da Silva, D. P. G., & Arima, E. Y. (2025) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ae0faf · Cited by 2
Tax evasion and climate change: A literature review on how fiscal non-compliance undermines environmental sustainability and reporting
Guidara, A. (2025) · Reporting and Accountability Review · doi:10.22495/rarv2i2p2 · Cited by 2
TAX ENGINEERING IN OFFSHORE FINANCIAL CENTERS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SHADOWIZATION OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Reznikova, N. V., Іващенко, О. А., & ДВОРНИК, І. (2022) · Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University Economic sciences · doi:10.31891/2307-5740-2022-304-2(2)-42 · Cited by 2
Complexity and mediating factors in farmers’ climate perceptions and agricultural adaptation strategies in the Guatemalan Dry Corridor
Anderson, T. G., Pons, D., Taylor, M. J., Xuruc, A., Salvatierra, H. R., Guido, Z., Sullivan, J. A., Liverman, D. M., & Anchukaitis, K. J. (2025) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-025-03978-5 · Cited by 4
Fighting illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
OECD (2020) · OECD review of fisheries. Policies and summary statistics · doi:10.1787/baeb1fe2-en · Cited by 2
The Context of Investing
Bozesan, M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54016-6_1 · Cited by 2
Transformation of the private offshore wealth management service industry in the emerging economy
Chitumbura, J., & Takawira, O. (2021) · Journal of Governance and Regulation · doi:10.22495/jgrv10i2art13 · Cited by 2
INVESTOR HOLDINGS AND SUSTAINABLE FINANCE PRACTICES IN INDIAN FIRMS
Mayank, J. A. I. N. (2023) · Journal of Public Administration Finance and Law · doi:10.47743/jopafl-2023-27-15 · Cited by 2

Authors: Galaz, V., Crona, B., Dauriach, A., Jouffray, J.-B., Österblom, H., & Fichtner, J.
Affiliations: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (SE)
Stockholm Resilience Centre (SE)
University of Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author: Galaz, Victor
ORCID: Galaz, Victor
Crona, Beatrice
Dauriach, Alice
Jouffray, Jean-Baptiste
Österblom, Henrik
Fichtner, Jan
Venue: Nature Ecology & Evolution
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2018-08-13
Volume: 2
Issue: 9
Pages: 1352-1357
ISSN: 2397-334X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0497-3
OpenAlex: W2883298128
Cited by: 149
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 5
FWCI: 15.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2018-08-17)
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Ecology & Evolution (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Ocean Foundation
Stiftelsen för Miljöstrategisk Forskning
European Commission
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Corporate Taxation and Avoidance
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
Keywords: tax havens, financial secrecy, environmental degradation, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, fisheries, Brazilian Amazon, beef industry, foreign capital flows, corporate sustainability, environmental policy
MeSH terms: Agriculture, Animals, Brazil, Conservation of Natural Resources, Taxes

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Tax havens and global environmental degradation

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks