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Improving cancer immunotherapy through nanotechnology
Abstract
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to pioneers in the field of cancer immunotherapy, as the utility of leveraging a patient's coordinated and adaptive immune system to fight the patient's unique tumour has now been validated robustly in the clinic. Still, the proportion of patients who respond to immunotherapy remains modest (~15% objective response rate across indications), as tumours have multiple means of immune evasion. The immune system is spatiotemporally controlled, so therapies that influence the immune system should be spatiotemporally controlled as well, in order to maximize the therapeutic index. Nanoparticles and biomaterials enable one to program the location, pharmacokinetics and co-delivery of immunomodulatory compounds, eliciting responses that cannot be achieved upon administration of such compounds in solution. The convergence of cancer immunotherapy, nanotechnology, bioengineering and drug delivery is opportune, as each of these fields has matured independently to the point that it can now be used to complement the others substantively and rationally, rather than modestly and empirically. As a result, unmet needs increasingly can be addressed with deductive intention. This Review explores how nanotechnology and related approaches are being applied to augmenting both endogenous leukocytes and adoptively transferred ones by informing specificity, influencing localization and improving function.
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“The success of mRNA vaccines in the COVID-19 vaccine race emphasized the promising potential of this technology in a wide variety of future applications,176,177 including other infectious diseases,4 cancer therapy,178,179 and protein replacement therapies,180,181”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Goldberg, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goldberg, Michael S.
- ORCID
- Goldberg, Michael S.
- Venue
- Nature reviews. Cancer
- Published
- 2019-09-06
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 587-602
- ISSN
- 1474-175X (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1768
- OpenAlex
- W2972159813
- Cited by
- 628
- References
- 142
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 114 · 2021: 122 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 10
- FWCI
- 8.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- cancer immunotherapy, nanotechnology, nanoparticles, biomaterials, drug delivery, immune evasion, spatiotemporal control, pharmacokinetics, co-delivery, adoptive immunotherapy, tumor targeting, nanomedicine
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Humans, Immune System, Immunologic Factors, Immunotherapy, Leukocytes, Neoplasms, Nucleic Acids, T-Lymphocytes, Drug Delivery Systems, Adoptive Transfer, Nanomedicine, Nanoparticles
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