The DOI matches its Crossref record; 290 of the 290 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Crosstalk between the renin–angiotensin, complement and kallikrein–kinin systems in inflammation
Open accessAbstract
During severe inflammatory and infectious diseases, various mediators modulate the equilibrium of vascular tone, inflammation, coagulation and thrombosis. This Review describes the interactive roles of the renin-angiotensin system, the complement system, and the closely linked kallikrein-kinin and contact systems in cell biological functions such as vascular tone and leakage, inflammation, chemotaxis, thrombosis and cell proliferation. Specific attention is given to the role of these systems in systemic inflammation in the vasculature and tissues during hereditary angioedema, cardiovascular and renal glomerular disease, vasculitides and COVID-19. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic implications of these complex interactions, given that modulation of one system may affect the other systems, with beneficial or deleterious consequences.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The activation of plasma and tissue kallikreins by factor X II, also known as an important initiator of blood coagulation and aminopeptidases, respectively, results in the synthesis of bradykinins [107].”
From Approaches to Improve EPR-Based Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis (2023) · cites this paper as [107]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“At the same time, during severe inflammatory physiology and diseases, the RAS is an important part of inflammatory response regulation [62, 63].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
RETRACTED: Avacopan for the Treatment of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Jayne, D. R. W., Merkel, P. A., Schall, T. J., & Bekker, P. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2023386 · Cited by 1,021
RetractedHoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T. S., Herrler, G., Wu, N.-H., Nitsche, A., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052 · Cited by 20,286
Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19
Varga, Z., Flammer, A. J., Steiger, P., Haberecker, M., Andermatt, R., Zinkernagel, A. S., Mehra, M. R., Schuepbach, R. A., Ruschitzka, F., & Moch, H. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30937-5 · Cited by 6,358
Hamming, I., Timens, W., Bulthuis, M., Lely, A., Navis, G., & van Goor, H. (2004) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.1570 · Cited by 5,676
Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2
Yan, R., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Xia, L., Guo, Y., & Zhou, Q. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb2762 · Cited by 5,036
A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus–induced lung injury
Kuba, K., Imai, Y., Rao, S., Gao, H., Guo, F., Guan, B., Huan, Y., Yang, P., Zhang, Y., Deng, W., et al. (2005) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1267 · Cited by 3,445
Donoghue, M., Hsieh, F., Baronas, E., Godbout, K., Gosselin, M., Stagliano, N., Donovan, M., Woolf, B., Robison, K., Jeyaseelan, R., et al. (2000) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.87.5.e1 · Cited by 2,485
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure
Imai, Y., Kuba, K., Rao, S., Huan, Y., Guo, F., Guan, B., Yang, P., Sarao, R., Wada, T., Leong-Poi, H., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03712 · Cited by 2,453
Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibition in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Solomon, S. D., McMurray, J. J. V., Anand, I. S., Ge, J., Lam, C. S. P., Maggioni, A. P., Martinez, F., Packer, M., Pfeffer, M. A., Pieske, B., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1908655 · Cited by 2,430
MAGRO, C. M. J., Mulvey, J. J., Berlin, D., Nuovo, G. J., Salvatore, S., Harp, J., Baxter-Stoltzfus, A., & Laurence, J. C. (2020) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.007 · Cited by 2,224
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Defining blood-induced microglia functions in neurodegeneration through multiomic profiling
Mendiola, A. S., Yan, Z., Dixit, K., Johnson, J. R., Bouhaddou, M., Meyer-Franke, A., Shin, M.-G., Yong, Y., Agrawal, A., MacDonald, E., et al. (2023) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-023-01522-0 · Cited by 124
Approaches to Improve EPR-Based Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis
Subhan, M. A., Parveen, F., Filipczak, N., Yalamarty, S. S. K., & Torchilin, V. P. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13030389 · Cited by 98
“The activation of plasma and tissue kallikreins by factor X II, also known as an important initiator of blood coagulation and aminopeptidases, respectively, results in the synthesis of bradykinins [107].”
BackgroundWei, L., Bo, L., Luo, C., Yin, N., Jiang, W., Qian, F., Zhou, A., Lu, X., Guo, H., & Mao, C. (2024) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-024-03997-6 · Cited by 11
“At the same time, during severe inflammatory physiology and diseases, the RAS is an important part of inflammatory response regulation [62, 63].”
BackgroundLawrenz, J., Wettstein, L., Rodríguez Alfonso, A., Nchioua, R., von Maltitz, P., Albers, D. P. J., Zech, F., Vandeput, J., Naesens, L., Fois, G., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202506430 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Bekassy, Z., Lopatko Fagerström, I., Bader, M., & Karpman, D.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Karpman, Diana
- Venue
- Nature reviews. Immunology
- Published
- 2021-11-10
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 411-428
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- PMC
- PMC8579187
- OpenAlex
- W3211940634
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 290
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 20
- FWCI
- 3.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MDC Repository (Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1365)
- Crafoordska Stiftelsen
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (Wallenberg Clinical Scholar 2015.0320, 2015.0320)
- Vetenskapsrådet (2017-01920)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Coagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Complement system in diseases
- Keywords
- renin-angiotensin system, complement system, kallikrein-kinin system, contact system, inflammation, hereditary angioedema, vasculitis, glomerular disease, COVID-19 pandemic, vascular tone, vascular leakage, thrombosis, chemotaxis, cell proliferation, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Complement System Proteins, Humans, Inflammation, Renin-Angiotensin System, Thrombosis, Kallikrein-Kinin System
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
