Cited by 127Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsMultiple Sclerosis Research StudiesBarrier Structure and Function Studies

Defining blood-induced microglia functions in neurodegeneration through multiomic profiling

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Mendiola, Andrew S., Yan, Zhaoqi, Dixit, Karuna, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Bouhaddou, Mehdi, Meyer-Franke, Anke, Shin, Min-Gyoung, Yong, Yu +13 more·2023·Nature Immunology

Abstract

Blood protein extravasation through a disrupted blood–brain barrier and innate immune activation are hallmarks of neurological diseases and emerging therapeutic targets. However, how blood proteins polarize innate immune cells remains largely unknown. Here, we established an unbiased blood-innate immunity multiomic and genetic loss-of-function pipeline to define the transcriptome and global phosphoproteome of blood-induced innate immune polarization and its role in microglia neurotoxicity. Blood induced widespread microglial transcriptional changes, including changes involving oxidative stress and neurodegenerative genes. Comparative functional multiomics showed that blood proteins induce distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional programs in microglia and macrophages, such as redox, type I interferon and lymphocyte recruitment. Deletion of the blood coagulation factor fibrinogen largely reversed blood-induced microglia neurodegenerative signatures. Genetic elimination of the fibrinogen-binding motif to CD11b in Alzheimer’s disease mice reduced microglial lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative signatures that were shared with autoimmune-driven neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis mice. Our data provide an interactive resource for investigation of the immunology of blood proteins that could support therapeutic targeting of microglia activation by immune and vascular signals.

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  • Humanized App knockin (KI) and APP transgenic mouse models mimic certain aspects of AD pathogenesis, including progressive amyloidosis, gliosis, and neuroinflammation, as well as network hyperexcitability and cognitive impairment, albeit to different degrees of severity across models and paradigms.

    “Humanized App knockin (KI) and APP transgenic mouse models mimic certain aspects of AD pathogenesis, including progressive amyloidosis, gliosis, and neuroinflammation, as well as network hyperexcitability and cognitive impairment, albeit to different degrees of severity across models and paradigms.15-27”

    From Machine learning reveals prominent spontaneous behavioral changes and treatment efficacy in humanized and transgenic Alzheimer's disease models (2024) · cites this paper as [22]

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

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  • Fggγ390-396A reduces AD-related pathogenesis, including amyloid burden, dystrophic neurites, synaptic loss, microgliosis, and neuroinflammation in 5xFAD-Fggγ390-396A mice relative to 5xFAD mice.

    “Fggγ390–396A reduces AD-related pathogenesis, including amyloid burden, dystrophic neurites, synaptic loss, microgliosis, and neuroinflammation in 5xFAD-Fggγ390–396A mice relative to 5xFAD mice.21,22,34”

    From Machine learning reveals prominent spontaneous behavioral changes and treatment efficacy in humanized and transgenic Alzheimer's disease models (2024) · cites this paper as [22]

    In Results, “Fibrin drives neurotoxic microglia programs in AD mice” (page unavailable), the paper reports reduced neurodegeneration, a reduced neurodegenerative microglial gene signature, and fewer oxidative-stress-producing microglia around plaques in 5XFAD:Fggγ390–396A mice. It does not report reductions in amyloid burden, dystrophic neurites, synaptic loss, or overall microgliosis in that comparison; the reported microglial changes support only part of the claimed neuroinflammation reduction. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Fibrinogen is deposited in the brain of patients with AD and is a key mediator of neurotoxic microglia polarization and cognitive impairment in mouse models of AD.

    “The blood coagulation factor fibrinogen is deposited in the brain of patients with AD and is a key mediator of neurotoxic microglia polarization and cognitive impairment in mouse models of AD.21,22,32,33”

    From Machine learning reveals prominent spontaneous behavioral changes and treatment efficacy in humanized and transgenic Alzheimer's disease models (2024) · cites this paper as [22]

    The Results section on AD mice reports that disrupting fibrin–CD11b signaling reduces neurodegenerative microglial signatures; it also states that the mice are protected from cognitive impairment. The Discussion likewise reports protection from cognitive impairment in AD models. The passages from our copy do not establish the separate claim that fibrinogen is deposited in the brains of patients with AD. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Spontaneous behavioral abnormalities in 5xFAD mice were prevented by an AD-related therapeutic intervention, Fggγ390-396A, that prevents CD11b receptor-mediated interactions with microglia and reduces AD-related pathogenesis, including amyloid burden, dystrophic neurites, synaptic loss, microgliosis, and neuroinflammation.

    “Third, and more importantly, spontaneous behavioral abnormalities in 5xFAD mice were prevented by an AD-related therapeutic intervention, Fggγ390–396A, that prevents CD11b receptor-mediated interactions with microglia22,33 and reduces AD-related pathogenesis, including amyloid burden, dystrophic neurites, synaptic loss, microgliosis, and neuroinflammation.21,22,34”

    From Machine learning reveals prominent spontaneous behavioral changes and treatment efficacy in humanized and transgenic Alzheimer's disease models (2024) · cites this paper as [22]

    Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

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  • Infiltration of blood-derived protein fibrin induces microglial polarization to oxidative stress and neurodegenerative phenotypes in AD and multiple sclerosis mice.

    “The infiltration of blood-derived protein, fibrin, also induces microglial polarization to oxidative stress and neurodegenerative phenotypes in AD and multiple sclerosis mice.”

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Authors
Mendiola, A. S., Yan, Z., Dixit, K., Johnson, J. R., Bouhaddou, M., Meyer-Franke, A., Shin, M.-G., Yong, Y., Agrawal, A., MacDonald, E., Muthukumar, G., Pearce, C., Arun, N., Cabriga, B., Meza-Acevedo, R., Alzamora, M. D. P. S., Zamvil, S. S., Pico, A. R., Ryu, J. K., Krogan, N. J., & Akassoglou, K.
Affiliations
  • Gladstone Institutes (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author
Akassoglou, Katerina
Venue
Nature Immunology
Published
2023-06-08
Volume
24
Issue
7
Pages
1173-1187
ISSN
  • 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2916
OpenAlex
W4379879277
Cited by
124
References
87
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 14
FWCI
12.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R35 NS097976, K99 NS126707)
  • U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (RF1 AG064926)
  • BrightFocus Foundation (82021019F)
  • U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K99 AI163868)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
Keywords
plasma proteins, microglia, neurodegeneration, blood-brain barrier disruption, fibrinogen, CD11b, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, type I interferon, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, macrophages, phosphoproteome, transcriptome
MeSH terms
Multiomics, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier, Fibrinogen, Microglia, Mice

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