The DOI matches its Crossref record; 154 of the 154 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Engineered living biomaterials
Open accessAbstract
Biomaterials have evolved from inert materials that lack interaction with the body to biologically active, instructive materials that host and provide signals to surrounding cells and tissues. Engineered living materials contain living cells (responsive function) and polymeric matrices (scaffolding function) and, thus, can be designed as active and response biomaterials. In this Review, we discuss engineered living materials that incorporate microorganisms as the living, bioactive component. Microorganisms can provide complex responses to environmental stimuli, and they can be genetically engineered to allow user control over responses and integration of numerous inputs. The engineered microorganisms can either generate their own matrix, such as in biofilms, or they can be incorporated in matrices using various technologies, such as coating, 3D printing, spinning and microencapsulation. We highlight biomedical applications of such engineered living materials, including biosensing, wound healing, stem-cell-based tissue engineering and drug delivery, and provide an outlook to the challenges and future applications of engineered living materials. Engineered living materials are composed of a matrix that encapsulates living cells, which endow the biomaterial with controllable responses and dynamic functions. This Review discusses the fabrication and biomedical applications of engineered living materials that contain microorganisms as the living, active component.
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Cites
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Cited by
Novel nano-encapsulated probiotic agents: Encapsulate materials, delivery, and encapsulation systems
Xu, C., Ban, Q., Wang, W., Hou, J., & Jiang, Z. (2022) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.061 · Cited by 225
Li, H., Li, B., Lv, D., Li, W., Lu, Y., & Luo, G. (2023) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2023.114778 · Cited by 142
Zhao, C., Wen, M., Wang, Q., Ouyang, W., Xu, D., Jia, Z., Zheng, Y., Xi, T., & Sheng, L. (2025) · Journal of Materials Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2025.01.016 · Cited by 76
Engineering Microbial Consortia as Living Materials: Advances and Prospectives
Wang, S., Zhan, Y., Jiang, X., & Lai, Y. (2024) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.4c00313 · Cited by 50
Light and carbon: Synthetic biology toward new cyanobacteria-based living biomaterials
Goodchild-Michelman, I. M., Church, G. M., Schubert, M. G., & Tang, T.-C. (2023) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100583 · Cited by 41
Metadata
- Authors
- Rodrigo-Navarro, A., Sankaran, S., Dalby, M. J., del Campo, A., & Salmeron-Sanchez, M.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Materials
- Published
- 2021-08-31
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1175-1190
- ISSN
- 2058-8437 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3197367825
- Cited by
- 494
- References
- 154
- FWCI
- 20.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Rodrigo-Navarro, A., Sankaran, S., Dalby, M. J., del Campo, A., & Salmeron-Sanchez, M. (2021). Engineered living biomaterials. Nature Reviews Materials. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00350-8
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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